6.1 Flashcards
Definition of personality (by Diane Gill)
A unique psychological make-up
How knowing someone’s personality benefits coaches
- They can adapt training/coaching techniques accordingly - They can predict how a performer will react in a certain situation e.g. under a certain amount of pressure - they can remove players from situations e.g. to prevent red cards
How coaches can adapt training according to personalities
They can simulate situations in training which normally cause the performer’s performance levels to drop - so they learn to cope
What’s the argument about personality
Whether it’s innate or learned (nature vs nurture) Trait vs Social learning theory
Traits
Innate characteristics
What is Trait theory
A theory which suggests people are born with innate characteristics which are stable, enduring and constant no matter the situation - so it attempts to predict behaviour of individuals
An example of a personality characteristic which could be innate
Being an extrovert
Extroverts
Extroverts
Problems with trait theory
Behaviour isn’t always predictable It doesn’t account for personality change e.g. in certain situations + due to different experiences (e.g. as you grow up)
The social learning theory to personality Suggests
behaviour = learned + developed from significant others by socialisation instead of being born with characteristics
Socialisation
The process of associating with others + picking up their behaviour/attitudes
Examples of significant others
Role models, friends + parents
What makes behaviour more likely to be learnt
If it’s reinforced, successful, loud, bright, consistent + witnessed 1st hand
The 4 stages by which we learn behaviour
Observing Identifying Reinforcing Copying
The interactionist perspective to personality
A theory which combines trait +social learning theory to attempt to predict how individuals will react in certain situations It explains how personalities are developed + influenced by your genes + your environment
The Lewin’s formula to explain the interactionist perspective on personality
B=f(PxE) Behaviour = a function of (Personality x Environment)
The Hollander Approach to Interactionist Theory
Suggested personality = made of 3 features The more the environment has an influence, the more behaviour = likely to change
The 3 features of personality according to Hollander
The core Typical responses Role-related behaviour
What the core represents in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory
Beliefs + values, which are stable, solid + unlikely to change e.g. strong work ethic
What the typical responses represent in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory
The usual responses of performers in certain situations e.g. an attacker responds to attacking situations by making runs
What the role-related behaviour represents in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory
The further changes to behaviour to meet the demands of specific situations e.g. -in close games, when the team = under pressure to defend a narrow lead - the player tracks back more
The credulous approach
Where people support the idea that personality can be used to predict behaviour
The skeptical approach
Where people think personality doesn’t accurately predict behaviour
