6.1

Question 1

Definition of personality (by Diane Gill)

Answer 1

A unique psychological make-up

Question 2

How knowing someone’s personality benefits coaches

Answer 2

• They can adapt training/coaching techniques accordingly - They can predict how a performer will react in a certain situation e.g. under a certain amount of pressure - they can remove players from situations e.g. to prevent red cards

Question 3

How coaches can adapt training according to personalities

Answer 3

They can simulate situations in training which normally cause the performer’s performance levels to drop - so they learn to cope

Question 4

What’s the argument about personality

Answer 4

Whether it’s innate or learned (nature vs nurture) Trait vs Social learning theory

Question 5

Traits

Answer 5

Innate characteristics

Question 6

What is Trait theory

Answer 6

A theory which suggests people are born with innate characteristics which are stable, enduring and constant no matter the situation - so it attempts to predict behaviour of individuals

Question 7

An example of a personality characteristic which could be innate

Answer 7

Being an extrovert

Question 8

Extroverts

Answer 8

Extroverts

Question 9

Problems with trait theory

Answer 9

Behaviour isn’t always predictable It doesn’t account for personality change e.g. in certain situations + due to different experiences (e.g. as you grow up)

Question 10

The social learning theory to personality Suggests

Answer 10

behaviour = learned + developed from significant others by socialisation instead of being born with characteristics

Question 11

Socialisation

Answer 11

The process of associating with others + picking up their behaviour/attitudes

Question 12

Examples of significant others

Answer 12

Role models, friends + parents

Question 13

What makes behaviour more likely to be learnt

Answer 13

If it’s reinforced, successful, loud, bright, consistent + witnessed 1st hand

Question 14

The 4 stages by which we learn behaviour

Answer 14

Observing Identifying Reinforcing Copying

Question 15

The interactionist perspective to personality

Answer 15

A theory which combines trait +social learning theory to attempt to predict how individuals will react in certain situations It explains how personalities are developed + influenced by your genes + your environment

Question 16

The Lewin’s formula to explain the interactionist perspective on personality

Answer 16

B=f(PxE) Behaviour = a function of (Personality x Environment)

Question 17

The Hollander Approach to Interactionist Theory

Answer 17

Suggested personality = made of 3 features The more the environment has an influence, the more behaviour = likely to change

Question 18

The 3 features of personality according to Hollander

Answer 18

The core Typical responses Role-related behaviour

Question 19

What the core represents in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory

Answer 19

Beliefs + values, which are stable, solid + unlikely to change e.g. strong work ethic

Question 20

What the typical responses represent in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory

Answer 20

The usual responses of performers in certain situations e.g. an attacker responds to attacking situations by making runs

Question 21

What the role-related behaviour represents in Hollander’s approach to the interactionist theory

Answer 21

The further changes to behaviour to meet the demands of specific situations e.g. -in close games, when the team = under pressure to defend a narrow lead - the player tracks back more

Question 22

The credulous approach

Answer 22

Where people support the idea that personality can be used to predict behaviour

Question 23

The skeptical approach

Answer 23

Where people think personality doesn’t accurately predict behaviour