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pe > 6.3 > Flashcards

6.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define arousal

A

A state of activation always experienced by sports performers before + during competition

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2
Q

Can arousal vary

A

Yes

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3
Q

Why is arousal important in sport

A

It gives performers drive

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4
Q

Causes of increased arousal in sport

A

Increased level in competition e.g. the approach of a major event The presence of an audience - especially an expert audience Frustration e.g. not playing well

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5
Q

The theories of arousal + performance

A

Drive, inverted-u, + catastrophe theories, zone of optimal functioning + peak flow experience

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6
Q

What drive theory states about the relationship between drive + performance levels

A

Increased motivation, causes increased drive + increased performance levels - due to it being likely more effort will be put into performance Drive + performance increase in a linear fashion Performance = a function of (drive x habit) P=f(D x H)

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7
Q

What drive theory says happens at high levels of arousal

A

Performance stops improving Less info = processed + the performer concentrates on the dominant response

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8
Q

The dominant response of experts

A

Usually correct - maintains high performance levels

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9
Q

The dominant response of beginners

A

May not be developed - so may choose the wrong option - decreases performance levels

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10
Q

The dominant response for complex tasks

A

May impair performance due to lots of info having to be processed for complex tasks but can’t be processed under high arousal e.g. a dribble in hockey

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11
Q

The dominant response for simple tasks

A

Maintains performance as there’s not lots of info to process e.g. a forward roll

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12
Q

Dominant response

A

The response which the performer believes to be correct

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13
Q

What the inverted-U theory states about the relationship between arousal + performance levels

A

Increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point + further increases in arousal cause performance to deteriorate (over-arousal)

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14
Q

What determines the optimal level of arousal in the inverted-U theory

A

The performer’s experience (novice or expert), personality (extrovert or introvert) + complexity of the task (simple or complex + gross or fine)

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15
Q

The optimal level of arousal for a novice

A

Low (due to not having developed a dominant response + uncomfortable under pressure)

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16
Q

The optimal level of arousal for an expert

A

High (due to dominant response + can deal with pressure)

17
Q

The optimal level of arousal for an introvert

A

Low

18
Q

The optimal level of arousal for an extrovert

A

High

19
Q

Why optimal levels of arousal vary for different personalities

A

Extroverts have naturally lower levels of adrenaline than introverts do so they can tolerate increases in arousal but introverts can’t

20
Q

The optimal level of arousal for a gross task

A

High (due to no need for precise control)

21
Q

The optimal level of arousal for a fine task

A

Low (due to need for precise control)

22
Q

The optimal level of arousal for a complex skill

A

Low - due to lots of info needing to be processed but can’t be under high arousal levels

23
Q

The optimal level of arousal for a simple skill

A

High - due to less decision making

24
Q

What Catastrophe theory suggests about the relationship between arousal + performance levels

A

Increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there’s a dramatic reduction (slump) in performance levels if there are further increases in arousal

25
Q

Increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there’s a dramatic reduction (slump) in performance levels if there are further increases in arousal

A

A combo of somatic + cognitive anxieties

26
Q

Somatic anxiety

A

Physiological anxiety e.g. muscle tension + increased HR

27
Q

Cognitive anxiety

A

Psychological anxiety e.g. a loss of concentration + worries about performance

28
Q

How performers can attempt to recover from the slump in catastrophe theory

A

By trying to regain control by reducing anxiety + arousal - only works if initial cause of anxiety = mild + if they have time to recover If they can’t regain control - panic occurs + causes increased arousal + a decline in performance

29
Q

The zone of optimal functioning

A

An area of optimal arousal which varies for different individuals

30
Q

How achieving the zone of optimal functioning can be described

A

As the ultimate experience in sport

31
Q

Techniques which performers can use to find their own zone

A

Mental practice, relaxation, visualisation + positive self-talk which lead to high levels of confidence, low anxiety, feelings of relaxation + a positive mental attitude which promote intrinsic motives

32
Q

Characteristics of being in the zone of optimal functioning

A

It flows effortlessly The performer has supreme confidence + remains calm under any pressure The performer feels totally in control of their actions + totally focused

33
Q

The characteristics of a performance when the performer experiences the zone of optimal functioning

A

A smooth, effortless + high level performance

34
Q

What being in the zone of optimal functioning can lead to

A

The peak flow experience

35
Q

Define the peak flow experience + 6 characteristics of it

A

The ultimate intrinsic experience felt by sports performers with a positive mental attitude where they have: supreme confidence (in their prep + fitness levels) total focus on aspects of the task efficiency belief in their ability to complete the challenge, effortless movement belief that they have optimal environmental conditions for their performance

36
Q

Characteristics of the peak flow experience for team sports

A

A shared purpose + balanced emotions (even when there’s lot at stake)

37
Q

Factors which can disrupt the peak flow experience

A

Poor mental prep + failure to reach optimal arousal levels Environmental influences e.g. crowd pressure or frustration caused by an official’s decision The effect of injury/fatigue during the performance

pe (30 decks)

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