memory- MSM

Question 1

who proposed the Multi-store model of memory?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

Question 2

diagram of the multi store model

Answer 2

Question 3

sensory register in MSM

Answer 3

-all stimuli from environment pass to SR
-this part is not one store but five, one for each sense

Question 4

what is the coding of the sensory register?

Answer 4

-modality-specific, depends on the sense (visual in iconic, acoustic in echoic, etc)

Question 5

what is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 5

very brief, less than half a second

Question 6

what is the capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 6

very high, e.g. over one hundred million cells in one eye, each storing data

Question 7

how do memories transfer from SR to STM?

Answer 7

info passes further into memory only if attention is paid to it

Question 8

STM in MSM

Answer 8

limited capacity store of temporary duration

Question 9

what is the coding of the STM?

Answer 9

acoustic- based on sound

Question 10

what is the duration of the STM?

Answer 10

about 18s unless info rehearsed

Question 11

what is the capacity of the STM?

Answer 11

5-9 items before some forgetting occurs

Question 12

how do memories transfer from STM to LTM?

Answer 12

-maintenance rehearsal when we rehearse material to ourselves. keep info in STM as long as we rehearse it
-if rehearse long enough, passes into LTM

Question 13

LTM in MSM

Answer 13

permanent memory store

Question 14

what is the coding of the LTM?

Answer 14

mostly semantic- in terms of meaning

Question 15

what is the duration of the LTM?

Answer 15

potentially up to a lifetime

Question 16

what is the capacity of the LTM?

Answer 16

potentially unlimited

Question 17

retrieval from LTM

Answer 17

-when we want to recall info from LTM it has to be transferred back into STM by process called retrieval

Question 18

ao3 of MSM- research shows STM and LTM are different

Answer 18

-Baddeley (1966) found tend to mix up words that sound similar when using out STMs (so STM coding is acoustic)
-but mix up words having similar meanings when using our LTM (shows LTM coding his semantic)
-supports view that these two stores are seperate and independent

Question 19

ao3 of MSM- counterpoint to research showing separate stores

Answer 19

-studies tend not to use everyday info (e.g. faces, names)
-use digits/letters (Jacobs) or meaningless consonant syllables (Peterson and Peterson)
-so MSM may not be valid model of how memory works in everyday life where memory tends to involve meaningful info

Question 20

ao3 MSM- evidence suggesting more than one STM store

Answer 20

-KF had amnesia (Shallice and Warrington 1970), STM recall for digits was poor when he heard them but better when he read them
-other studies confirm may also be a separate STM store for non-verbal sounds
-so MSM is wrong to claim theres just one STM store processing different types of info

Question 21

ao3 MSM- prolonged rehearsal not needed for STM-LTM transfer

Answer 21

-Craik and Watkins (1973) argued two types of rehearsal called maintenance and elaborative. maintenance (amount of rehearsal) is the one described in MSM.
-elaborate rehearsal id needed for long-term storage. this occurs when u link info to your existing knowledge or think about its meaning
-suggests MSM doesn’t fully explain how long-term storage is achieved