memory- MSM Flashcards
who proposed the Multi-store model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
diagram of the multi store model
sensory register in MSM
-all stimuli from environment pass to SR
-this part is not one store but five, one for each sense
what is the coding of the sensory register?
-modality-specific, depends on the sense (visual in iconic, acoustic in echoic, etc)
what is the duration of the sensory register?
very brief, less than half a second
what is the capacity of the sensory register?
very high, e.g. over one hundred million cells in one eye, each storing data
how do memories transfer from SR to STM?
info passes further into memory only if attention is paid to it
STM in MSM
limited capacity store of temporary duration
what is the coding of the STM?
acoustic- based on sound
what is the duration of the STM?
about 18s unless info rehearsed
what is the capacity of the STM?
5-9 items before some forgetting occurs
how do memories transfer from STM to LTM?
-maintenance rehearsal when we rehearse material to ourselves. keep info in STM as long as we rehearse it
-if rehearse long enough, passes into LTM
LTM in MSM
permanent memory store
what is the coding of the LTM?
mostly semantic- in terms of meaning
what is the duration of the LTM?
potentially up to a lifetime
what is the capacity of the LTM?
potentially unlimited
retrieval from LTM
-when we want to recall info from LTM it has to be transferred back into STM by process called retrieval
ao3 of MSM- research shows STM and LTM are different
-Baddeley (1966) found tend to mix up words that sound similar when using out STMs (so STM coding is acoustic)
-but mix up words having similar meanings when using our LTM (shows LTM coding his semantic)
-supports view that these two stores are seperate and independent
ao3 of MSM- counterpoint to research showing separate stores
-studies tend not to use everyday info (e.g. faces, names)
-use digits/letters (Jacobs) or meaningless consonant syllables (Peterson and Peterson)
-so MSM may not be valid model of how memory works in everyday life where memory tends to involve meaningful info
ao3 MSM- evidence suggesting more than one STM store
-KF had amnesia (Shallice and Warrington 1970), STM recall for digits was poor when he heard them but better when he read them
-other studies confirm may also be a separate STM store for non-verbal sounds
-so MSM is wrong to claim theres just one STM store processing different types of info
ao3 MSM- prolonged rehearsal not needed for STM-LTM transfer
-Craik and Watkins (1973) argued two types of rehearsal called maintenance and elaborative. maintenance (amount of rehearsal) is the one described in MSM.
-elaborate rehearsal id needed for long-term storage. this occurs when u link info to your existing knowledge or think about its meaning
-suggests MSM doesn’t fully explain how long-term storage is achieved
