Meiosis Flashcards
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes of the same size and shape.
What are sister chromatids?
Identical copies of a chromosome, formed during DNA replication.
What occurs during Meiosis I?
Reduction division where homologous chromosomes are separated.
What happens during Interphase?
Chromosome replication occurs, resulting in two copies called sister chromatids.
What is synapsis?
The process where homologous chromosomes partially fuse during Prophase I.
What is a tetrad?
A structure composed of four sister chromatids.
What occurs during Metaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is the significance of crossing over?
It increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What happens during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated from each other.
What occurs during Telophase I?
Each new cell has two replicated chromosomes; meiosis I is called ‘reduction division.’
How does Meiosis II compare to Mitosis?
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids are separated.
What happens during Metaphase II?
Sister chromatids are arranged at the equator, preparing for separation.
What occurs during Anaphase II?
Sister chromatids are separated from one another.
What happens during Telophase II?
Two new cells are formed, each with two chromosomes.
What are the end products of meiosis?
Four equally sized sperm cells or one large egg and three polar bodies.
