Genetics Flashcards
Difference between genotype and phenotype
Genotype: the genetic makeup
Phenotype: physical trait
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does DNA do?
Tells amino acids how to form into protein shapes for their different functions
What is RNA
A partial copy of DNA, what instructs the amino acids
What is the function of ribosomes?
Read RNA molecules three letter at a time and stick amino acids together
What are nucleotides?
A structural unit for DNA (A-B) what ties the letters together
What are the letters of DNA? Who do they pair with?
A,T,C,G
A with T
C with G
What are polygenic traits?
Traits controlled by multiple genes or chromosomes
What is incomplete dominance ?
A intermediate phenotype (Bb, long squash + round squash = bell shaped squash
What is non disjunction?
Mistakes made during meiosis I or II, can cause genetic disorders
What are X linked traits?
A trait that is only passed through the X chromosome, dominant or recessive and men with have it or not have, females either have it or are a carrier
What is autosomal dominant
- Men and women effected equally
- Doesn’t skip generations
- Dad to son transmission possible
- 1/2 of the children effected when parents are effected
What is autosomal recessive?
- Unaffected parents can have effected kids
- Can skip a generation
What is X Linked recessive?
- No dad to son inheritance
- Mainly men effected
- May skip a generation
What is X linked dominant
- No dad to son transmission
- Women more likely effected
What is a test cross?
How to find the unknown genotype, cross with homozygous recessive
What is the blood type with antibodies against B and A proteins
Type A blood
What is the blood type with antibodies against A and B proteins?
Type B blood
What blood type has no antibodies and A and B proteins?
Type AB blood
What has no A or B proteins and both both A antibodies and B antibodies
Type O Blood
What blood types aren’t compatible (antibodies)
Type A and Type B don’t mix, blood solidifies
What is the universal receiver and donor?
AB - universal receiver
O - universal donor
How do you write the genotype for each blood type?
A A A
Blood type A: I I I i
B B B Blood type B: I I I i
A B Blood type AB: I I
Blood type O: ii
What are the two kinds of Rh Factor
Rh+: Rh+/Rh+ or Rh+/Rh-
Rh-: Rh-/Rh-
