Digestion

Question 1

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 1

The mouth

Question 2

What teeth specialize in cutting food?

Answer 2

Incisors and Canines

Question 3

What teeth specialize in grinding and crushing food?

Answer 3

Premolars and Molars

Question 4

What enzyme is in saliva ? What is it responsible for?

Answer 4

Amylase: responsible for breaking down starch into smaller disaccharides

Question 5

What is the esophagus?

Answer 5

A muscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 6

What is peristalsis?

Answer 6

When food stretches the walls of the esophagus activating the smooth muscles to undergo wave like contractions

Question 7

What are the different stomach layers?

Answer 7

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 8

What are the different stomach layers?

Answer 8

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 9

What is the mucosa?

Answer 9

The innermost layer of the stomach: extensively folded, secretes gastric juices as well as heals damage to stomach using epithelial cells

Question 10

What is gastric juices made up of?

Answer 10

Digestive enzymes, acid and mucus

Question 11

What is the submucosa?

Answer 11

A layer of connective tissue: networks of nerves and blood vessels

Question 12

What is the muscularis?

Answer 12

Muscle layer: smooth muscles contract to churn and mix good with gastric juices to produce chyme

Question 13

What is the serosa?

Answer 13

It holds the stomach in pace and secreted a lubricating fluid to eliminate friction against organs

Question 14

What is the pH of gastric juices?

Answer 14

2.0 - 3.0

Question 15

what enzyme in digestion is responsible for the breakdown of proteins?

Answer 15

Pepsin

Question 16

What is Acid Reflux?

Answer 16

The gastroesphageal sphincter doesn’t close entirely, stomach acid enters esophagus. Causes burning sensation in throat

Question 17

What causes Ulcers?

Answer 17

A bacteria known as H. Pylori can survive the stomach acid by secreting acid neutral enzymes & burrowing into the mucosa. This exposes the stomach lining to the stomach acid.

Question 18

What is the cure for ulcers?

Answer 18

Antibiotics

Question 19

Where does most digestion and absorption take place?

Answer 19

The small intestine

Question 20

What is the diameter and length of the small intestine

Answer 20

2.5 cm in diameter, 7m in length

Question 21

What is the diameter of the large intestine?

Answer 21

7.6 cm in diameter, 1.5 m in length

Question 22

What are the three segments of the small intestine?

Answer 22

Duodenum, jejunum and the ileum

Question 23

What is the specialization of the inner surface of the small intestine?

Answer 23

To provide maximum surface area for the absorption of nutrients

Question 24

Describe the inner layer of the small intestine

Answer 24

Folded into many ridges that are covered in “finger like” projections called villi

Question 25

What blood vessels are within the villi? How does the work with the circulatory system

Answer 25

Capillaries are within the villi, this is how nutrients enter the bloodstream

Question 26

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 26

Secreted enzymes that help the digestive process and secretes hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar

Question 27

What enzyme does the pancreas secrete? What does it do?

Answer 27

Amylase, it helps to breakdown starch

Question 28

What is the function of secretin?

Answer 28

It protects the small Intestine from the acidic contents of the stomach

Question 29

what does the liver produce?

Answer 29

bile

Question 30

What is the function of bile?

Answer 30

It emulsifies fats, breaking them down to increase surface area and increase the rate of lipid digestion

Question 31

Where is bile stored?

Answer 31

The gall bladder

Question 32

How does bile get released into the body

Answer 32

Lipids entering the body stimulate the gallbladder to contract and release bile through the bile duct into the duodenum

Question 33

What is the largest part of the large intestine?

Answer 33

The colon

Question 34

What are the four parts of the colon?

Answer 34

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 35

What is the last part of the intestine

Answer 35

The rectum

Question 36

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 36

It holds waste products of digestion until they are eliminated through the anus

Question 37

What process reabsorbs most of the water in the large intestine?

Answer 37

Osmosis