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Emma's Study Notes! > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

The mouth

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2
Q

What teeth specialize in cutting food?

A

Incisors and Canines

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3
Q

What teeth specialize in grinding and crushing food?

A

Premolars and Molars

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4
Q

What enzyme is in saliva ? What is it responsible for?

A

Amylase: responsible for breaking down starch into smaller disaccharides

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5
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

A muscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach

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6
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When food stretches the walls of the esophagus activating the smooth muscles to undergo wave like contractions

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7
Q

What are the different stomach layers?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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8
Q

What are the different stomach layers?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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9
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

The innermost layer of the stomach: extensively folded, secretes gastric juices as well as heals damage to stomach using epithelial cells

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10
Q

What is gastric juices made up of?

A

Digestive enzymes, acid and mucus

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11
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

A layer of connective tissue: networks of nerves and blood vessels

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12
Q

What is the muscularis?

A

Muscle layer: smooth muscles contract to churn and mix good with gastric juices to produce chyme

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13
Q

What is the serosa?

A

It holds the stomach in pace and secreted a lubricating fluid to eliminate friction against organs

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14
Q

What is the pH of gastric juices?

A

2.0 - 3.0

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15
Q

what enzyme in digestion is responsible for the breakdown of proteins?

A

Pepsin

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16
Q

What is Acid Reflux?

A

The gastroesphageal sphincter doesn’t close entirely, stomach acid enters esophagus. Causes burning sensation in throat

17
Q

What causes Ulcers?

A

A bacteria known as H. Pylori can survive the stomach acid by secreting acid neutral enzymes & burrowing into the mucosa. This exposes the stomach lining to the stomach acid.

18
Q

What is the cure for ulcers?

A

Antibiotics

19
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption take place?

A

The small intestine

20
Q

What is the diameter and length of the small intestine

A

2.5 cm in diameter, 7m in length

21
Q

What is the diameter of the large intestine?

A

7.6 cm in diameter, 1.5 m in length

22
Q

What are the three segments of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and the ileum

23
Q

What is the specialization of the inner surface of the small intestine?

A

To provide maximum surface area for the absorption of nutrients

24
Q

Describe the inner layer of the small intestine

A

Folded into many ridges that are covered in “finger like” projections called villi

25
Q

What blood vessels are within the villi? How does the work with the circulatory system

A

Capillaries are within the villi, this is how nutrients enter the bloodstream

26
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

Secreted enzymes that help the digestive process and secretes hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar

27
Q

What enzyme does the pancreas secrete? What does it do?

A

Amylase, it helps to breakdown starch

28
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

It protects the small Intestine from the acidic contents of the stomach

29
Q

what does the liver produce?

A

bile

30
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

It emulsifies fats, breaking them down to increase surface area and increase the rate of lipid digestion

31
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

The gall bladder

32
Q

How does bile get released into the body

A

Lipids entering the body stimulate the gallbladder to contract and release bile through the bile duct into the duodenum

33
Q

What is the largest part of the large intestine?

A

The colon

34
Q

What are the four parts of the colon?

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

35
Q

What is the last part of the intestine

A

The rectum

36
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

It holds waste products of digestion until they are eliminated through the anus

37
Q

What process reabsorbs most of the water in the large intestine?

A

Osmosis

Emma's Study Notes! (8 decks)

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