Animal Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
Hold the cell’s DNA, communicates with the cell’s organelles
Why is DNA different depending on the cell?
Some DNA is included or excluded depending on the cell’s location and function in the body
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Creates ribosomes, an essential protein for the cell
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis happens - transports RNA & creates amino acids to add to RNA and protein
What is the structure of ribosomes?
There is a large subunit on top and a small subunit on the bottom. Protein and RNA travel between the subunits
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Depending on the variety some functions include lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breaking down lipid-soluble toxins in liver S.E.R, and calcium release in muscle S.E.R
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The proteins synthesized by the ribosomes collect in the R.E.R & get transported to different parts of the cell
How can you tell the difference between smooth & rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The R.E.R has a “pebbled” look where the S.E.R has a smooth look
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Macromolecules such as lysosomes, peroxisomes & secretory vesicles are packaged to be transported
What is the function of lysosomes?
They have hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion, they kill and digest bacteria within the cell
How can lysosomes cause death?
If the release of lysosomes in the cytoplasm isnt controlled it can lead to cell necrosis
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Creates energy so the other organelles can carry out their functions
What is the structure of the mitochondrion’s internal membrane?
The internal membranes has folds (cristae) which look like cross sections from above
What happens on the cristae?
Sugar is combined with oxygen to produce ATP / energy
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
It maintains the shape of the cell & internal movement of the cell organelles, muscle and locomotion
