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HOSA Bowl > Med Term Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Med Term Chapter 11 Flashcards

Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

1
Q

What are the structures outside the eyeball known as?

A

the adnexa oculi

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2
Q

What is the orbit also known as?

A

the eye socket

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3
Q

How many eye muscles are there?

A

six

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4
Q

When does binocular vision occur?

A

when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination

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5
Q

What is the name of the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet?

A

canthus

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6
Q

WHat is the name for the small hairs that make up the eyebrows and eyelashes?

A

cilia

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7
Q

What is the name of the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eye?

A

the conjunctiva

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8
Q

What glands secrete lacrimal fluid?

A

the lacrimal glands

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9
Q

What is lacrimal fluid commonly known as?

A

tears

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the walls of the eyeball?

A

the sclera, choroid, and retina

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11
Q

What segments is the eyeball divided into?

A

the anterior and posterior segments

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12
Q

What layer of the walls of the eyeball contains blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye?

A

the choroid

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13
Q

What does IOP stand for?

A

Intraocular Pressure

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14
Q

What is the posterior segments of the eye filled with?

A

Vitreous humor

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15
Q

Which receptors in the retina detect color?

A

cones

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16
Q

What nerve transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain?

A

the optic nerve

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17
Q

What is the name for the set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays onto the retina?

A

the ciliary body

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18
Q

What does the ciliary body produce?

A

aqueous humor

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19
Q

What is the name of the colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil?

A

the iris

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20
Q

Where is the lens located?

A

behind the iris and pupil

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21
Q

What is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other?

A

convergence

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22
Q

What is the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance?

A

visual acuity

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23
Q

Who is the physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes, vision correction to eye surgery?

A

ophthalmologist

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24
Q

Who is the physician that holds a doctor of optometry and provides primary eye care?

A

optometrist

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25
What is the name of the healthcare practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction?
optician
26
What is the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis?
ptosis
27
What pathology of the eye causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea?
entropion
28
What is the drying of eye surfaces known as?
xeropthalmia
29
What is the most common form of uveitis?
iritis
30
What can occur from diabetic retinopathy?
diabetic macular edema
31
What is the inflammation for the cornea?
keratitis
32
What occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped?
keratoconus
33
What is the condition in which the pupils are unequal in size?
anisocoria
34
What is papilledema caused by?
caused by increased intracranial pressure
35
How can retinitis pigmentosa be detected?
by the presence of dark pigmented spots in the retina
36
What is the most common form of glaucoma?
open-angle glaucoma
37
What type of macular degeneration accounts for 90% of all age-related macular degeneration cases?
dry macular degeneration
38
What is diplopia also known as?
double vision
39
What condition affects an individual's ability to see at night?
nyctalopia
40
What is esotropia characterized by?
an inward division of one or both eyes
41
What is exotropia characterized by?
the outward deviation of one eye relative to another
42
When does myopia occur most commonly?
during puberty
43
What is the unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens?
diopter
44
What is an ophthalmoscopy also known as?
a funduscopy
45
Why is visual field testing used?
to determine losses in peripheral vision
46
What is the measurement of intraocular pressure?
tonometry
47
What is the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract?
phacoemulsification
48
Glasses with what lenses are used to correct myopia?
concave lenses
49
Glasses with what lenses are used to correct yperopia?
convex lenses
50
What is an iridectomy?
the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris
51
What does LASIK stand for?
Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis
52
What is laswer trabeculoplasty used to treat?
open-angle glaucoma
53
What is laser iridotomy used to treat?
closed-angle glaucoma
54
What tool is used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment?
retinoplasty
55
What does AD stand for?
right ear
56
What does OS stand for?
left eye
57
What is the pinna also known as?
the auricle of the outer ear
58
What is the function of the external auditory canal?
transmit sound waves to the tympanic membrane
59
What is cerumen secreted by?
ceruminous glands
60
What is the tympanic membrane also known as?
the eardrum
61
What temporal bone surrounds the middle ear and contains hollow air space?
the mastoid process
62
How many bones are located within the middle ear?
three
63
What are the eustachian tubes also known as?
the auditory tubes
64
What is the purpose of the eustachian tubes?
to equalize the air pressure within the middle ear
65
What membrane separates the middle ear from the inner ear?
the oval window
66
What connects the semicircular canals to the cochlea?
the vestibule
67
Where are sound vibrations converted into nerve impulses?
in the cochlea
68
Where is the oval window located?
under the base of the stapes
69
What nerves sense balance and head position?
the vestibular nerves
70
What occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate?
bone conduction
71
When does sensorineural conduction occur?
when the sound vibration reaches the inner ear
72
Who specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments?
audiologist
73
What is otomycosis?
a fungal infection of the external auditory canalWhat
74
canal what is cholesteatoma also known as?
pearly tumor
75
What word describes a pressure related ear condition?
barotrauma
76
What is otitis media?
the inflammation for the middle ear
77
Who is acute otitis media most commonly seen in?
young children
78
What is the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear?
otosclerosis
79
What does BPPV stand for?
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
80
What condition consists of a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears, and is more likely to occur when there has been prolonged exposure to loud noises?
tinnitus
81
What is the gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages?
presbycusis
82
What is sensorineural hearing loss also known as?
nerve deafness
83
What type of hearing loss is caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises?
Noise induced hearing loss
84
Any sound above how many decibels can cause hearing loss if the exposure is prolonged?
85 decibels
85
What is the resulting graph from an audiological evaluation called?
an audiogram
86
What diagnostic procedure measures how much sound is reflected back from the eardrum?
acoustic reflectometry
87
What is a tympanoplasty?
the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear
88
What procedure is performed to relieve uncontrolled vertigo?
labryinthectomy
89
does ALD stand for?
assistive listening device
90
What does SLE stand for?
slit-lamp examination
91
What does AS stand for?
astigmatism
92
What does VA stand for?
visual acuity

HOSA Bowl (22 decks)

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