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HOSA Bowl > Med Term Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Med Term Chapter 11 Flashcards

Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

1
Q

What are the structures outside the eyeball known as?

A

the adnexa oculi

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2
Q

What is the orbit also known as?

A

the eye socket

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3
Q

How many eye muscles are there?

A

six

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4
Q

When does binocular vision occur?

A

when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination

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5
Q

What is the name of the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet?

A

canthus

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6
Q

WHat is the name for the small hairs that make up the eyebrows and eyelashes?

A

cilia

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7
Q

What is the name of the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eye?

A

the conjunctiva

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8
Q

What glands secrete lacrimal fluid?

A

the lacrimal glands

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9
Q

What is lacrimal fluid commonly known as?

A

tears

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the walls of the eyeball?

A

the sclera, choroid, and retina

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11
Q

What segments is the eyeball divided into?

A

the anterior and posterior segments

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12
Q

What layer of the walls of the eyeball contains blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye?

A

the choroid

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13
Q

What does IOP stand for?

A

Intraocular Pressure

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14
Q

What is the posterior segments of the eye filled with?

A

Vitreous humor

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15
Q

Which receptors in the retina detect color?

A

cones

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16
Q

What nerve transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain?

A

the optic nerve

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17
Q

What is the name for the set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays onto the retina?

A

the ciliary body

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18
Q

What does the ciliary body produce?

A

aqueous humor

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19
Q

What is the name of the colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil?

A

the iris

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20
Q

Where is the lens located?

A

behind the iris and pupil

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21
Q

What is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other?

A

convergence

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22
Q

What is the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance?

A

visual acuity

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23
Q

Who is the physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes, vision correction to eye surgery?

A

ophthalmologist

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24
Q

Who is the physician that holds a doctor of optometry and provides primary eye care?

A

optometrist

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25
Q

What is the name of the healthcare practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction?

A

optician

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26
Q

What is the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis?

A

ptosis

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27
Q

What pathology of the eye causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea?

A

entropion

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28
Q

What is the drying of eye surfaces known as?

A

xeropthalmia

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29
Q

What is the most common form of uveitis?

A

iritis

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30
Q

What can occur from diabetic retinopathy?

A

diabetic macular edema

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31
Q

What is the inflammation for the cornea?

A

keratitis

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32
Q

What occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped?

A

keratoconus

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33
Q

What is the condition in which the pupils are unequal in size?

A

anisocoria

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34
Q

What is papilledema caused by?

A

caused by increased intracranial pressure

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35
Q

How can retinitis pigmentosa be detected?

A

by the presence of dark pigmented spots in the retina

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36
Q

What is the most common form of glaucoma?

A

open-angle glaucoma

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37
Q

What type of macular degeneration accounts for 90% of all age-related macular degeneration cases?

A

dry macular degeneration

38
Q

What is diplopia also known as?

A

double vision

39
Q

What condition affects an individual’s ability to see at night?

A

nyctalopia

40
Q

What is esotropia characterized by?

A

an inward division of one or both eyes

41
Q

What is exotropia characterized by?

A

the outward deviation of one eye relative to another

42
Q

When does myopia occur most commonly?

A

during puberty

43
Q

What is the unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens?

A

diopter

44
Q

What is an ophthalmoscopy also known as?

A

a funduscopy

45
Q

Why is visual field testing used?

A

to determine losses in peripheral vision

46
Q

What is the measurement of intraocular pressure?

A

tonometry

47
Q

What is the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract?

A

phacoemulsification

48
Q

Glasses with what lenses are used to correct myopia?

A

concave lenses

49
Q

Glasses with what lenses are used to correct yperopia?

A

convex lenses

50
Q

What is an iridectomy?

A

the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris

51
Q

What does LASIK stand for?

A

Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis

52
Q

What is laswer trabeculoplasty used to treat?

A

open-angle glaucoma

53
Q

What is laser iridotomy used to treat?

A

closed-angle glaucoma

54
Q

What tool is used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment?

A

retinoplasty

55
Q

What does AD stand for?

A

right ear

56
Q

What does OS stand for?

A

left eye

57
Q

What is the pinna also known as?

A

the auricle of the outer ear

58
Q

What is the function of the external auditory canal?

A

transmit sound waves to the tympanic membrane

59
Q

What is cerumen secreted by?

A

ceruminous glands

60
Q

What is the tympanic membrane also known as?

A

the eardrum

61
Q

What temporal bone surrounds the middle ear and contains hollow air space?

A

the mastoid process

62
Q

How many bones are located within the middle ear?

A

three

63
Q

What are the eustachian tubes also known as?

A

the auditory tubes

64
Q

What is the purpose of the eustachian tubes?

A

to equalize the air pressure within the middle ear

65
Q

What membrane separates the middle ear from the inner ear?

A

the oval window

66
Q

What connects the semicircular canals to the cochlea?

A

the vestibule

67
Q

Where are sound vibrations converted into nerve impulses?

A

in the cochlea

68
Q

Where is the oval window located?

A

under the base of the stapes

69
Q

What nerves sense balance and head position?

A

the vestibular nerves

70
Q

What occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate?

A

bone conduction

71
Q

When does sensorineural conduction occur?

A

when the sound vibration reaches the inner ear

72
Q

Who specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments?

A

audiologist

73
Q

What is otomycosis?

A

a fungal infection of the external auditory canalWhat

74
Q

canal what is cholesteatoma also known as?

A

pearly tumor

75
Q

What word describes a pressure related ear condition?

A

barotrauma

76
Q

What is otitis media?

A

the inflammation for the middle ear

77
Q

Who is acute otitis media most commonly seen in?

A

young children

78
Q

What is the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear?

A

otosclerosis

79
Q

What does BPPV stand for?

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

80
Q

What condition consists of a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears, and is more likely to occur when there has been prolonged exposure to loud noises?

A

tinnitus

81
Q

What is the gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages?

A

presbycusis

82
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss also known as?

A

nerve deafness

83
Q

What type of hearing loss is caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises?

A

Noise induced hearing loss

84
Q

Any sound above how many decibels can cause hearing loss if the exposure is prolonged?

A

85 decibels

85
Q

What is the resulting graph from an audiological evaluation called?

A

an audiogram

86
Q

What diagnostic procedure measures how much sound is reflected back from the eardrum?

A

acoustic reflectometry

87
Q

What is a tympanoplasty?

A

the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear

88
Q

What procedure is performed to relieve uncontrolled vertigo?

A

labryinthectomy

89
Q

does ALD stand for?

A

assistive listening device

90
Q

What does SLE stand for?

A

slit-lamp examination

91
Q

What does AS stand for?

A

astigmatism

92
Q

What does VA stand for?

A

visual acuity

HOSA Bowl (20 decks)

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