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HOSA Bowl > HSC&A Chapter 1 > Flashcards

HSC&A Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Healthcare Systems

1
Q

What law was passed in 2010 by US Congress for a major regulatory reform of US healthcare?

A

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act/Obamacare

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2
Q

Who published standards to provide a clear and consistent understanding of industry and post-secondary knowledge that healthcare workers must possess?

A

National Consortium for Health Science Education

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3
Q

Who created acupuncture?

A

the Chinese

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4
Q

What is the strategic insertion of small needles into the body to treat disease and pain?

A

Acupuncture

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5
Q

What is acupuncture commonly used for?

A

chronic pain and infertility

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6
Q

Who were the first to study the pulse?

A

the Chinese

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7
Q

Who believed that examining the characteristics of a patient’s pulse helped determine the severity of an illness?

A

the Chinese

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8
Q

Who began the practice of medical examinations?

A

the Egyptians/Babylonians

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9
Q

Who introduced the concepts of diagnosis and prognosis?

A

the Egyptians/Babylonians

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10
Q

Who built aqueducts to bring clean water into metropolitan areas?

A

the Greeks

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11
Q

Who is known as the Father of Medicine?

A

Hippocrates

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12
Q

What is the promise to practice medicine honestly and is pledged by health professionals at the start of their careers?

A

The Hippocratic Oath

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13
Q

Who performed eye and brain surgeries that were not attempted again until 2,000 years after his death?

A

Galen

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14
Q

Who created the caduceus?

A

the Greeks

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15
Q

Who carried the caduceus?

A

Hermes

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16
Q

Who created hospitals?

A

the Romans

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17
Q

Who invented surgical instruments, which included forceps, scalpels, and surgical needles?

A

the Romans

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18
Q

Who performed the first cataract surgery?

A

the Romans

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19
Q

Who has a history of 40,000 years of healers?

A

the Native Americans

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20
Q

Which Native American tribes used herbs and natural pain relievers?

A

the Navajo and Cherokee

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21
Q

What years were the Dark and Middle Ages?

A

400 CE to 1400 CE

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22
Q

Who was the Jewish philosopher who described numerous medical conditions and emphasized the importance of moderation and a healthy lifestyle?

A

Maimonides

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23
Q

Who could practice surgery, dentistry, and bloodletting, and traveled with armies, as well as performed amputations?

A

Barber Surgeons

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24
Q

What colors were often associated with Barber Surgeons?

A

red, white, blue

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25
Q

When did doctors begin using observations and careful note-taking?

A

1600s

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26
Q

Who invented the microscope?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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27
Q

Which English doctor developed the practice of vaccination by observing people who developed cowpox?

A

Edward Jenner

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28
Q

What was the first available inhalable anesthetic?

A

Diethyl Ether

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29
Q

Who reduced mortality that resulted from lack of hygiene and nutrition, and laid the foundation for professional nursing?

A

Florence Nightingale

30
Q

Who was the first woman to study and practice medicine in the US?

A

Elizabeth Blackwell

31
Q

Who established the Women’s Medical College in New York?

A

Elizabeth Blackwell

32
Q

What year was the Women’s Medical College in New York Established?

A

1868

33
Q

Who formed the American Red Cross?

A

Clara Barton

34
Q

Who introduced the concept of hand washing?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

35
Q

Who developed the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax and developed the pasteurization of milk and wine?

A

Louis Pasteur

36
Q

Who is known a the father of antiseptic surgery?

A

Joseph Lister

37
Q

Who insisted on using soap to disinfect instruments and clean hands before doctors moved from patient to patient?

A

Joseph Lister

38
Q

Who discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms called pathogens?

A

Robert Koch

39
Q

Who discovered mold that lead to the discovery of penicillin? What year?

A

Alexander Fleming; 1928

40
Q

What became the first antibiotic to treat bacterial infections?

A

penicillin

41
Q

When did the mass production of penicillin begin?

A

1943

42
Q

Who discovered X-ray technology at the end of the nineteenth century?

A

Wilhelm Roetgen

43
Q

When was the electrocardiogram developed? By who?

A

1903; Willem Einthoven

44
Q

Who discovered Radium at the beginning of the twentieth century?

A

Marie and Pierre Curie

45
Q

When was insulin discovered? By who?

A

1922; Frederick Banting and Charles Best

46
Q

What is insulin used for?

A

the regulation of glucose levels in the blood

47
Q

Who was credited with the discovery of DNA?

A

James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Watson

48
Q

Whose research helped the discovery of DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

49
Q

In what year were the three men awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery of DNA?

A

1962

50
Q

What is the method of treating mental and emotional disorders by encouraging the patient to speak freely about personal experiences?

A

psychoanalysis

51
Q

What was PTSD previously known as?

A

shellshock

52
Q

What are SSRIs?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

53
Q

What is the study of a person’s DNA sequences?

A

Genomic Medicine

54
Q

What are the two largest public health insurance programs run by the government?

A

Medicare and Medicaid

55
Q

What is the government-funded insurance for individuals over the age of 65 and people of any age who have a disability or illness?

A

Medicare

56
Q

How many parts is Medicare divided into?

A

Four parts

57
Q

What is the military’s health insurance?

A

TRICARE

58
Q

How many basic options are there in TRICARE?

A

three

59
Q

What form of government insurance provides wage replacement and medical benefits for employees injured at work?

A

Worker’s Compensation

60
Q

What are the most common private managed insurances?

A

Health Maintenance Organizations and Preferred Provider Organizations

61
Q

What act in 1973 caused a rapid increase in the number of HMOs?

A

the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973

62
Q

What federal agency’s mission is to promote public health?

A

the United States Public Health Service

63
Q

What does OSHA stand for?

A

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

64
Q

What is the responsibility of OSHA?

A

to impose safety and health legislation to prevent injury, illness, and death in the workplace

65
Q

What does CDC stand for?

A

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

66
Q

What is the job of the CDC?

A

to monitor and prevent disease outbreaks, respond to environmental emergencies, and provide research-based health information to the public

67
Q

What does FDA stand for?

A

the Food and Drug Administration

68
Q

What does NIH stand for?

A

the National Institutes of Health

69
Q

Who is the world’s leading agency for medical research?

A

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

70
Q

What does WHO stand for?

A

the World Health Organization

HOSA Bowl (20 decks)

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