HSC&A Chapter 7 Flashcards
Disease
What is any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body?
disease
What are teht wo broad types of disease?
infectious disease and non-infectious disease
What disease has a long duration and slow progression?
chronic disease
What disease cannot be reversed or treated?
incurable disease
What disease leads to death?
terminal disease
What disease is caused by pathogens that can be passed around?
communicable disease
What diseases are not caused by pathogens, but is caused by factors such as genes, diet, behavior, and smoking?
noncommunicable disease
What is a condition that causes abnormality of function?
a disorder
What is a group of symptoms that indicate a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition?
syndrome
What type of disease results from abnormalities in the genes?
hereditary
What are the diseases that are caused by a flaw in a single gene?
monogenic diseases
About how many monogenic diseases have been identified by the WHO?
about 10,000
What is Down Syndrome also known as?
Trisomy 21
People of what descent are more affected by Sickle Cell Anemia?
African and Mediterranean descent
What disease causes red blood cells to take on a sickle shape?
Sickle Cell Anemia
What is congenital disease also known as?
birth defects
What congenital disease is characterized by permanent partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination?
cerebral palsy
What type of disease results from exposure to air and water pollution, pesticides, and other chemicals, the sun, asbestos, and radiation?
environmental disease
A prolonged deficiency of vitamin D causes what?
osteomalacia
What is the condition in which a person has too much body fat?
obesity
A BMI of what or higher indicates obesity?
30
When was obesity classified as a disease by the American Medical Association?
2013
What occurs when pathogenic microorganisms enter the body and overcome the body’s normal defenses, and multiply to the point that diseease occurs?
infection
What are infectious diseases also known as?
communicable diseases
What is Hepatitis D also known as?
the delta virus
How is Hepatitis E spread?
through contaminated water
What is the serious bacterial disease that affects the nervous system, leading to painful muscle contractions, particularly in the jaw and neck muscles?
tetanus
What is the joint diosrder involving inflammation at the joints?
arthritis
What is the most common form of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
What is the most common form of dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
What disease prevents brain cells from functioning correctly?
Alzheimer’s disease
What is the name for any physical injuiry to the body caused by an accident or violence, and also may be self-inflicted?
trauma
What is the term for the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which is the most common cause of heart disease?
artherosclerosis
What is the disease that occurs when an abnormal growth of cells multiplies rapidly in the body?
cancer
What is a tumor that can be either malignant or benign?
neoplasm
What is a stroke also known as?
a cerebral vascular accident
What are the two types of stroke?
ischemic and hemorrhagic
What stroke occurs when one of the arteries of the brian is blocked?
ischemic stroke
What stroke occurs when an artery in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain?
hemorrhagic stroke
What is the disease in which the body is no longer able to carefully control blood glucose, leading to abnormally high levels of blood glucose?
diabetes
What is the condition in which the kidneys are damaged and can’t filter blood as well as healthy kidneys?
kidney disease
What is the mental condition characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships, as well as difficulties with language and abstract concepts?
autism
What is created when a doctor doesn’t include accurate instructions with an antibiotic prescription or when a patient doesn’t take all of the pills in an antibiotic treatment?
drug-resistant bacteria
What is listeriosis commonly called?
listeria
What is the infection caused by eating listeria monocytogenes bacteria?
listeriosis
What is the branch of biotechnology that uses techniques from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyze the structure, function, and interactiosn of the protiens in an organism?
human proteomics
What is the largely scientific field that uses advances in life science to study or solve problems?
biotechnology
What is the process used to create an exact genetic replica of a cell, tissue, or organism?
cloning
