Med. Term. Ch.12 Musculoskeletal system (Week 1) Flashcards
articulate
site of contact between two bones, joint
contraction
shortening and tightening of the muscle, helps maintain body posture
synovial fluid
lubrication fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
rheumatologist
specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones
chiropractor
treats musculoskeletal disorders; NOT physicians
chiropractic medicine
system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves
fasci/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
leiomy/o
smooth muscle (visceral)
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
muscul/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
ten/o
tendon
tend/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
carp/o
carpus (wrist bone)
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
cranium (skull)
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bone)
phalan/o
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
spondyl/o
used to form words about the conditions of the vertebra
vertebr/o
used to form words that describe the vertebra
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
fibul/o
fibula (small outer bone of the LE
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
pelv/i
pelvis - only used with -metry = pelv/i/metry
pelv/o
pelvis
radi/o
radiation, xray ; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of the LE
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent; crooked
arthr/o
joint
chondr/o
cartilage
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
-clasia
to break; surgical fx
-clast
to break
-plegia
paralysis
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of the connective tissue
dia-
through, across
peri-
around
muscular dystrophy (MD) {muscul - muscle, -ar: pertaining to; dys-: bad, painful, difficult; -trophy: development, nourishment}
group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward.
strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
gouty
arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; gout
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe(angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendon and median nerve pass)
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys
ganglion cyst
noncancerous, jelly-like, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints or the wrists or hands but many also appear in the feet
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae; prolapsed disk
osteomyelitis
infection that ecompasses all bone (osseous) components, inlcluding bone marrow
Paget disease
abnormal bone destruction and regrowth either on one or more bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine and legs; osteitis deformans
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
sequestrum
fragment of dead bone that is separated from surrounding tissue
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; clubfoot
kyphosis ( kyph: humpback; -osis: abnormal condition)
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column - hunchback
lordosis ( lord - curve, swayback; -osis; abnormal condition)
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column; swayback
scoliosis (scoli-crooked, bent; -osis; abnormal condition)
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
spondylolisthesis (spondyl/o : vertebra; -listhesis: slipping)
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; spinal cord compression
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space with needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid, give medicine, remove fluid to relieve pain
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior joint and structures using flexible, fiberoptic scope
sequestrectomy (sequestr: separation, -ectomy: excision, removal)
excision of a segment of dead bone (sequestrum)
bone reabsorption inhibitors
reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis/ paget’s disease
gold salts
RA treatment - inhibits activity within the immune system and prevents further progression
vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels and causes changes in the blood vessel walls
rheumatoid factor
substance found in blood of clients with RA
treatment of RA
physical therapy
heat application
drugs - aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids (reduce pain and inflammation)
