Med. Term. Ch.12 Musculoskeletal system (Week 1) Flashcards
1
Q
articulate
A
site of contact between two bones, joint
2
Q
contraction
A
shortening and tightening of the muscle, helps maintain body posture
3
Q
synovial fluid
A
lubrication fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
4
Q
rheumatologist
A
specializes in treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones
5
Q
chiropractor
A
treats musculoskeletal disorders; NOT physicians
6
Q
chiropractic medicine
A
system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves
7
Q
fasci/o
A
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
8
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber, fibrous tissue
9
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle (visceral)
10
Q
lumb/o
A
loins (lower back)
11
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
12
Q
my/o
A
muscle
13
Q
ten/o
A
tendon
14
Q
tend/o
A
tendon
15
Q
tendin/o
A
tendon
16
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bone)
17
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
18
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
19
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
20
Q
humer/o
A
humerus (upper arm bone)
21
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpus (hand bone)
22
Q
phalan/o
A
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
23
Q
spondyl/o
A
used to form words about the conditions of the vertebra
24
Q
vertebr/o
A
used to form words that describe the vertebra
25
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
26
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
27
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
28
fibul/o
fibula (small outer bone of the LE
29
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
30
pelv/i
pelvis - only used with -metry = pelv/i/metry
31
pelv/o
pelvis
32
radi/o
radiation, xray ; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
33
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of the LE
34
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent; crooked
35
arthr/o
joint
36
chondr/o
cartilage
37
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
38
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
39
orth/o
straight
40
oste/o
bone
41
-clasia
to break; surgical fx
42
-clast
to break
43
-plegia
paralysis
44
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of the connective tissue
45
dia-
through, across
46
peri-
around
47
muscular dystrophy (MD) {muscul - muscle, -ar: pertaining to; dys-: bad, painful, difficult; -trophy: development, nourishment}
group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
48
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids
49
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward.
50
strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
51
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
52
gouty
arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; gout
53
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe(angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
54
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendon and median nerve pass)
55
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
56
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys
57
ganglion cyst
noncancerous, jelly-like, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints or the wrists or hands but many also appear in the feet
58
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae; prolapsed disk
59
osteomyelitis
infection that ecompasses all bone (osseous) components, inlcluding bone marrow
60
Paget disease
abnormal bone destruction and regrowth either on one or more bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine and legs; osteitis deformans
61
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
62
sequestrum
fragment of dead bone that is separated from surrounding tissue
63
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; clubfoot
64
kyphosis ( kyph: humpback; -osis: abnormal condition)
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column - hunchback
65
lordosis ( lord - curve, swayback; -osis; abnormal condition)
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column; swayback
66
scoliosis (scoli-crooked, bent; -osis; abnormal condition)
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis
67
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
68
spondylolisthesis (spondyl/o : vertebra; -listhesis: slipping)
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; spinal cord compression
69
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space with needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid, give medicine, remove fluid to relieve pain
70
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior joint and structures using flexible, fiberoptic scope
71
sequestrectomy (sequestr: separation, -ectomy: excision, removal)
excision of a segment of dead bone (sequestrum)
72
bone reabsorption inhibitors
reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis/ paget's disease
73
gold salts
RA treatment - inhibits activity within the immune system and prevents further progression
74
vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels and causes changes in the blood vessel walls
75
rheumatoid factor
substance found in blood of clients with RA
76
treatment of RA
physical therapy
heat application
drugs - aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids (reduce pain and inflammation)
