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OCTH 1031 > FINAL EXAM - All Mental Health > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - All Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

mental health - define; affects(3); determines how we (3)

A

emotional, psychological, and social well-beingaffects how we think, feel, and actdetermines how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices

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2
Q

factors that contribute to mental health (3)

A
  1. biological factors - genes2. life experiences - trauma/abuse3. family hx - mental health/substance use problems
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3
Q

mental health risk factors - childhood adversity (3)

A
  1. loss2. abuse and neglect3. household dysfunction
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4
Q

mental health risk factors - stress (2)

A
  1. adverse life events2. chronic stressors
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5
Q

mental health risk factors - SES (4)

A
  1. poverty2. neighborhood3. social support4. isolation
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6
Q

Mental Health risk factors are also risk factors for (2)

A
  1. Chronic medical disorders2. adverse health behaviors and outcomes
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7
Q

Adverse health behaviors and outcomes are (7)

A
  1. obesity2. sedentary lifestyle3. smoking4. self care5. symptom burden6. disability7. quality of life
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8
Q

Mental disorders are affected by mental health risk factors and chronic medical disorders. Mental disorders is a risk factor for (1)

A

adverse health behaviors and outcomes1. obesity2. sedentary lifestyle3. smoking4. self care5. symptom burden6. disability7. quality of life

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9
Q

What is impacted by most mental health disorders?

A

Sleep and Rest

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10
Q

Schizophrenia usually being in early adulthood. What are the symptoms (7)

A
  1. flat affect (loss of personality)2. agitation3. catatonia4. confusion5. psychosis6. unusual behavior7. withdrawal
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11
Q

mental health disorders co-occur with (4)

A
  1. developmental disabilities2. traumatic brain injury3. rheumatoid arthritis4. chronic pain
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12
Q

10 Recovery Principles for Mental Health

A
  1. Self-direction2. individualized and person centered3. empowerment4. holistic5. nonlinear6. strengths based7. peer support8. respect9. responsibility10. hope
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13
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) - define

A

excessive anxiety or worrying that is hard to control more days than not

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14
Q

Symptoms of anxiety disorder (6)

A
  1. restlessness2. easily fatigued3. difficulty concentrating4. irritability 5. muscle tension6. sleep disturbance
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15
Q

GAD symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in: (3)

A
  1. social participation2. occupations3. other areas of function
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16
Q

GAD is NOT due to direct (3)

A
  1. psychosocial effects of substance use2. general medical conditions3. not exclusively during mood disorders
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17
Q

Obsessions - define

A

recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images; person recognizes thoughts are from their own mind and attempts to ignore or suppress

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18
Q

compulsions - define

A

repetitive behaviors or mental acts that person needs to perform in response to obsession; not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize

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19
Q
  1. Which neutralizes anxiety?2. Which causes anxiety/distressobsession or compulsion
A
  1. compulsion2. obsession
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20
Q

OCD causes (5)

A
  1. marked distress2. time consumption3. interference with normal routine4. interference with occupational/academic fn.5. interference with social activities
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21
Q

OCD is NOT due to direct (2)

A
  1. physiological effects of substance abuse2. general medical conditions
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22
Q

PTSD - define

A

exposure to traumatic event in which a person experienced, witnessed, or confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or threat to physical integrity and the response involved fear, helplessness, and horror.

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23
Q

PTSD events are reexperienced through (5)

A
  1. images, thoughts, or perceptions2. dreams3. acting/feeling as if the traumatic event is reoccurring4. psychological distress at exposures to cues related to the event5. physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
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24
Q

According to federal classification all SMI disorders have

A

episodic, recurrent, or persistent features, but vary in severity and disabling effects

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25
Q

What is the most common occupation impacted by mental health disorders?

A

Sleep and Rest

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26
Q

Major tranquilizers can make a person sedated which then effects

A

occupations

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27
Q

What are the 5 recoveries?

A
  1. clinical - reduce, eradicate symptoms2. existential - self-efficacy, spiritual meaning3. functional - employment, education, housing4. physical - health, diet, exercise, substance abuse5. social - community integration, social support, sense of belonging, being a citizen
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28
Q

What (2) physical health conditions can affect mental health

A

diabetes - if blood sugars are uncontrolled it can affect a person mentallythyroid disease - commonly misdiagnosed

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29
Q

OT practitioners focus with clients that have anxiety disorder (3)

A
  1. coping strategies2. sensory integration3. Sleep hygiene
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30
Q

CoMorbidities with PTSD

A
  1. 80% more likely to have one other mental disorder2. Males more likely to have substance abuse disorder3. Major neurocognitive disorder
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31
Q

OT perspective (3)

A
  1. perform activity analysis2. work on sequencing to help the client gain control back in their life3. Always consider that certain occupations can put the client at a higher risk of PTSD symptoms
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32
Q

Substance use disorders - people at risk (3)

A

people who seek stimulicoping with stressbiological link

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33
Q

substance use disorder

A

pattern or substance use that leads to impairment or distress

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34
Q

Symptoms of substance use disorders (2)

A
  1. tolerance2. withdrawal3. failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school or home4. using the substance in situations that are physically hazardous5. continuing to use a substance in spite of social or interpersonal problems6. taking more of the substance than intended7. a persistent desire to cut down or unsuccessful attempts to cut down8. a great deal of time spent getting the substance, using it, or recovering from use9. giving up or cutting back on social, job, or recreational activities because of substance use10. Use, in spite of the knowledge that the substance causes physical or psychological problems11. Craving or urge to use a specific substance.
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35
Q

Tolerance (2)

A
  1. need more to get same effect2. get less effect from same amount
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36
Q

Withdrawal

A
  1. experience withdrawal symptoms2. take drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms
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37
Q

Substance use disorder OT perspective

A
  1. explore habits, rituals, routines help establish new ones that take you away from the ones that reward the substance abuse2. develop coping strategies3. Time management filled with healthy occupations
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38
Q

“Bottom” is usually

A

legal consequences have been reached

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39
Q

Treatment of substance use disorder

A

12 step programs really effective because of social support and it fills time positively

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40
Q

PTSD- persistent symptoms of increased arousal , two or more of the following (5)

A
  1. Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep 2. Irritability or outburst of anger 3. Difficulty concentrating 4. Hyper vigilance 5. Exaggerated startle response
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41
Q

PTSD - duration of the disturbance (all symptoms from all categories) last more than

A

1 month

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42
Q

Acute symptoms duration for PTSD

A

Less than 3 months

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43
Q

Chronic symptoms duration for PTSD

A

3 or more months

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44
Q

Delayed onset of symptoms for PTSD

A

Occurs at least 6 months after the traumatic event

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45
Q

Causal factors of anxiety disorder (6)

A
  1. extreme prolonged stress2. genetic factors3. Neuroanatomical factors (reduction in size of hippocampus)4. Faulty neurotransmitter communication5. Cognitive and psychological factors6. Environmental factors
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46
Q

Many anxiety disorders begin in ____ but can also begin in ___

A

childhoodadulthood

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47
Q

Physical symptoms of anxiety disorders (6)

A
  1. rapid heartbeat2. weakness3. nausea4. headaches5. poorer overall health6. fatigue
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48
Q

cognitive impairments with anxiety disorders are based on

A

excessive and irrational fear and/or dread

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49
Q

Examples of cognitive impairments associated with anxiety disorders (4)

A
  1. difficulty focusing2. difficulty following directions3. poor memory4. difficulty with processing
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50
Q

Psychosocial impairments associated with anxiety disorders (3)

A
  1. decreased number and/or quality of relationships2. disruption of performance in school or at work3. feeling hopeless
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51
Q

Comorbid conditions associated with Anxiety disorders

A
  1. depression2. eating disorders3. bipolar disorder4. sleep disorder5. substance abuse [PTSD, physical injuries or conditions (amputation) may be present]
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52
Q

Anxiety Disorder - Interdisciplinary interventions (2)

A
  1. medication therapy2. psychotherapy
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53
Q

Medication therapy is used to

A

control and alleviate symptoms but can NOT cure the disorder

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54
Q

Medications used with anxiety disorders (3)

A
  1. antidepressants = SSRIs, tricyclics, MAOIs2. Antianxiety drugs = benzo’s, azapirones3. Beta-Blockers = used to treat physical symptoms of anxiety
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55
Q

Psychotherapy intervention involves

A

talking with a trained mental health professional to discover what caused an anxiety disorder and how to deal with its symptoms

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56
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

helps clients change their thought processes surrounding their anxiety and develop individualized skills and strategies to change the way they react in situations that are anxiety inducing

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57
Q

Relaxation therapy

A

teaches a client to develop and use strategies such as deep breathing, meditation, muscle relaxation, and visualization before or during anxiety inducing situations

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58
Q

OT interventinos

A
  1. modify adl, iadl, school/work tasks and/or environments to decrease triggers2. develop coping strategies3. time management and daily living routine development to increase participation in meaningful occupations4. Sleep regulation5. Sensory integration6. safe driving interventions
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59
Q

Clients with OCD have increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli; an OT practitioner would focus on

A

sensory integration

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60
Q

CBT sometimes results in

A

remission due to the decrease in symptoms

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61
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Mental illness in which schizophrenia like symptoms are present for at least two weeks and are accompanied by abnormal mood pattern such as mood swings are prolong depression or mania

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62
Q

The cause of schizophrenia is generally attributable to these three things during brain development

A

Genetic, biological and environmental risk factors during brain development

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63
Q

Later environmental stressors such as (3) coupled with early risk factors, are more associated with the development of positive psychotic symptoms such as (2)

A
  1. Urbanicity2. Cannabis use3. Exposure to trauma1. Hallucinations 2. Delusions
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64
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia include (5)

A
  1. Delusions2. Hallucinations3. Disorganize speech4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior5. Negative symptoms, for example, affective flattening, alogia, or avolition
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65
Q

Schizoaffective disorder include the symptoms of schizophrenia with the addition of any of the following (3)

A
  1. Major depressive episode 2. Manic episodes3. Mixed episodes of major depressive and manic episodes
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66
Q

Precautions for schizophrenic disorders (4)

A
  1. Suicide2. Cigarette smoking3. Cannabis use4. Weight gain
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67
Q

Combining what two interventions yield the most effective outcomes in I mproving clients overall functioning and quality-of-life with schizophrenia?

A
  1. Pharmacological2. Psychosocial
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68
Q

Side effects of medications used for treating schizophrenia are (5)

A
  1. Metabolic changes a.k.a. weight gain2. Extrapyramidal symptoms (tardive dyskinesia, a kinesics, or other movement disorders)3. sedation or drowsiness4. Cardiac effects (hypertension or hypotension)5. Anticholinergic symptoms (blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)
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69
Q

Occupational therapy interventions for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder’s include (7)

A
  1. Assertive community treatment2. Peer support3. CBT4. Family based services5. social skills training6. Supported employment7. Healthy living
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70
Q

Assertive community treatment (ACT)

A

Multidisciplinary team-based approach her clients living in the community to improve their psychiatric and social functioning and quality-of-life

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71
Q

ACT includes

A
  1. Medicine prescriber2. shared caseload among team members3. direct service provision by team members4. a high frequency or client contact5. low client to staff ratios6. out reach to individuals in the community
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72
Q

What are the positive effects of ACT? (3)

A
  1. Reduced hospitalization rates and homelessness2. Improve outcomes in the areas of accommodation, employment, and client satisfaction3. Increase the likelihood of client staying in contact with mental health services
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73
Q

Peer support involves consumers in the

A

Planning, provision, and evaluation of mental health services

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74
Q

CBT and schizophrenia

A

Aims to change behavior through the collaborative identification of target problems or symptoms such as negative thought patterns and developing rational or adaptive coping responses

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75
Q

Family based services

A

Involve engaging in collaborating with clients and their family members during an acute episode and may include illness education, emotional support, and training in how to cope with illness symptoms and how to access providers during crises

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76
Q

Outcomes of family based services include

A

Decreased rate of relapse and hospitalization, increased treatment adherence, and improve social and vocational outcomes for clients

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77
Q

Social skills training

A

Uses behavioral demonstrations, role-play activities, feedback, promoting, coaching, modeling, shaping, and out of session assignments to help participants develop the skills necessary for communication, social adaption and interpersonal relationships

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78
Q

Social skills training improves participants knowledge

A

Social interaction and participation, social skills performance within the clinic, as well as broader functional outcomes regarding communication in the workplace and with healthcare professionals

79
Q

Supported employment

A

Helps individuals obtain and retain competitive employment by individually tailoring job development and engaging the client in a wrap a job search and placement

80
Q

Supported employment emphasizes

A

Client preference, availability of ongoing supports, and integration of locational a mental health services

81
Q

Healthy living interventions typically focus on

A

Smoking cessation and weight and nutrition management

82
Q

OT interventions are particularly helpful in preparing persons with schizophrenia or schizophrenic disorder for

A

Vocational pursuits

83
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental illness that typically occurs in late adolescence or adulthood and may affect individuals perception and behaviors in all facets of life

84
Q

major depressive disorder

A

mental illness characterized by depressed mood, reduced interest, sleep disturbance, decreased energy, decreased concentration, issues holding conversation, decrease paying attention, making decisions, suicidal thoughts.

85
Q

bipolar disorder

A

severe mood swings, episodes of depression and at least of episode of mania

86
Q

Mental disorders can be related to

A

sensory processing disorders

87
Q

Recovery’s goal is to

A

improve health and wellness; live a self-directed life and strive to reach their full potential

88
Q

Wellness is the

A

conscious, deliberate process that requires a person to become aware of and make choices for a more satisfying lifestyle.

89
Q

Factors of wellness include (6)

A
  1. adequate sleep/rest2. good nutrition3. participation in meaningful activities4. balance of health habits5. productivity and exercise6. supportive relationships
90
Q

Acute inpatient hospitalization is a multidisciplinary team that focuses on (4)

A

crisis stabilization patient safetystart or adjust medicationcomprehensive assessment

91
Q

Acute inpatient hospitalization target population (4)

A

Depressionpsychosismaniaalcohol or drug toxicity

92
Q

Avg. stay in Acute inpatient hospitalization

A

3-7days

93
Q

OT’s role in Acute inpatient hospitalization (5)

A
  1. participate in therapeutic milieu2. initial functional assessment3. additional assessments as indicated4. contribute to treatment plan5. lead therapeutic groups
94
Q

OT’s help design, develop and integrate application of “sensory rooms” which

A

calm or stimulate sensory systems that patients with SMI experience challenges with

95
Q

Long-term care facilities target population

A

people that continue to experience severe symptoms or are considered dangerous after a short hospital stay

96
Q

Avg length of stay in long-term care facilities

A

3 months to many years

97
Q

Long-term care facilities focus of intervention (3)

A
  1. secure placement2. rehabilitation3. community reintegration when possible
98
Q

OT’s role in long-term care facilities (3)

A
  1. assessments2. group and individual sessions3. community transition programs such as supported education and employment programs
99
Q

Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP) focus on

A

diverting persons from hospitalization. Intermediary step toward living after an acute inpatient course of treatment.

100
Q

Intensive outpatient programs (IOP) is for people who are

A

functioning adequately in one or more of their occupational roles but need more support or therapy than traditional out-patient treatment

101
Q

PHP and IOPs length of stay

A

2-6 weeks

102
Q

PHP and IOP focus of intervention (3)

A
  1. improve functional skills2. resolve precipitants to recent hospitalization3. refer to community resources
103
Q

OT’s Role in PHP and IOP settings (5)

A
  1. individual assessment and interventions2. therapeutic groups3. case management4. community reintegration5. Teach coping, stress management and community living skills
104
Q

Supported housing target population.

A

people with serious mental illness who need ongoing support to maintain community living

105
Q

Supported housing services include (6)

A

crisis interventionmedication monitoring supportwellness promotiontransportationassistance with ADLslinkage to education and employment opportunities

106
Q

OT’s role in supported housing (4)

A
  1. Helping client secure and maintain permanent housing through skill building2. Case management3. Assessment of functional strengths and limitations4. Implementing of environmental modifications as needed
107
Q

Supported education target population

A

People with serious mental illness you need ongoing support to maintain community living

108
Q

Supported education services focus on (5)

A
  1. Career counseling and planning2. Teaching coping and skills management of stressors and symptoms 3. Provide assistance in locating and accessing resources4. Develop time and stress management skills5. Referral and coordination with campus services
109
Q

OT’s role in supported education

A
  1. Assisting clients to identify educational skills and interests2. Help entering the educational setting3. Referral to additional resources such as financial aid and tutoring.4. Help students overcome challenges of stress and symptom management5. Apply for reasonable accommodations
110
Q

Individual placement and support IPS model

A

Evidence based approach to vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric disabilities

111
Q

Supported employments target population

A

People with serious mental illness who need ongoing support support to maintain community living

112
Q

OTs role in supported employment

A

Work on the IPS team as an employment specialist, job coach and job developer using the knowledge of task analysis, grading of tasks, and modifying the work environment to help achieve success

113
Q

Principles for individual placement and support

A
  1. Zero exclusions- everyone is eligible 2. Competitive employment 3. Client choice in all aspects of selecting , finding, and maintaining employment4. Job development using a professional approach 5. Rapid job search and on the job training 6. Service integration 7. Follow along support for as long as needed
114
Q

Peer-operated services target population

A

People with serious mental illness who need ongoing support to maintain community living

115
Q

Peer support program focus of intervention (2)

A
  1. Ongoing support to maintain community living 2. assistance with jobs, housing, social skills, leisure activities, and life management skills
116
Q

OTs role in peer support programs (6)

A
  1. Wellness and recovery planning tools 2. Skill building 3. Case management 4. Therapy group leadership 5. Staff training 6.Social, educational, or recreational groups
117
Q

Clubhouse programs

A

Drop-in centers developed and run by people with psychiatric disabilities that offer social, educational, and recreational opportunities

118
Q

What are the two most common mood disorders?

A
  1. Depression 2. Bipolar disorder
119
Q

Depression

A

A mood disorder that affects one’s thoughts, mood, feelings, behavior, and physical health

120
Q

What are the two most common forms of depression?

A
  1. Major depression 2. Dysthymia
121
Q

What are the less common forms of depression? (3)

A
  1. Seasonal affective disorder2. Psychotic depression3. Postpartum depression
122
Q

Major depression interferes with

A

Daily activities

123
Q

Dysthymia lasts ____ ____ ___ ____ with less severe symptoms

A

2 years or longer

124
Q

Bipolar disorder is also known as

A

Manic depressive illness

125
Q

Bipolar I symptoms

A

Symptoms of major depression coupled with occurrences of full-blown mania or mixed

126
Q

What is the most common mental disorder that affects adult Americans?

A

Depression

127
Q

The exact cause of depression is unknown, but is likely results from a combination of(4)

A
  1. Genetic2. Biochemical3. Environmental4. Psychological
128
Q

What type of situations may trigger a depressive episode?(2)

A
  1. Trauma2. Stressful
129
Q

Research indicates that bipolar is

A

Genetic

130
Q

Research indicates that two factors can influence the expression of the gene for bipolar disorder. what are the two factors?

A
  1. Environmental2. Bio chemical factors
131
Q

Onset of depression typically occurs between the ages_____. But can occur at any point throughout the life course

A

15 and 30

132
Q

Symptom related criteria for depression include(8)

A
  1. Prolonged sadness2. Insomnia or hypersomnia3. Weight loss or gain4. Changes in appetite5. Inability to concentrate6. Inability to take pleasure in former interest7. Social withdrawal8. Suicidal ideation
133
Q

Bipolar disorder often occurs in a person’s (age)

A

Late teens or early adult years at least half cases being before age 25

134
Q

Bipolar disorder last

A

A lifetime with alternating episodes of mania and depression reoccurring throughout the life course

135
Q

Symptoms related to criteria for episodes of mania include (6)

A
  1. Increased physical and mental activity and energy2. Exaggerated optimism and self-confidence3. Decreased need for sleep4. Grandiose thoughts5. Impulsive behavior and poor judgment6. Delusions or hallucinations
136
Q

Depression usually occurs with

A
  1. Heart disease 2. stroke 3. diabetes 4. cancer 5. Parkinson’s disease 6. other serious illnesses that may preceed depression cause it or are consequences of it
137
Q

People with depression and bipolar usually also have

A

Substance abuse and anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

138
Q

People with bipolar disorder are also at a higher risk for(4)

A
  1. Heart disease2. diabetes3. obesity4. other physical illnesses
139
Q

Individuals with bipolar disorders are at a high risk for(3)

A
  1. Harming themselves 2. suicidal ideation’s3. substance abuse
140
Q

Primary risk factor for suicide

A

A mood disorder combined with substance abuse

141
Q

Substance abuse increases the risk of

A

developing depression

142
Q

Depression is often treated with which medications?

A

SSRIsTricyclic in tetracyclic antidepressantsMAOIsSNRIs

143
Q

Bipolars often treated with which medications?

A

Antidepressants mood stabilizers antipsychotics; such as lithium, Risderal, and Seroquel

144
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

Focuses directly on changing beliefs and psychoeducation when combining with pharmacological treatment may be beneficial and treating the disorders

145
Q

CBT helps clients change

A

Negative styles of thinking and behavior is often associated with depression or depressive symptoms

146
Q

Psychoeducation as part of a multicomponent approach can be effective in

A

Preventing relapse and hospitalization and increasing awareness of the illness and symptoms

147
Q

Psychoeducation treatment includes

A

Teaching individuals with bipolar and depression along with their family members or caregivers about the illness and how it is treated as well as how to recognize symptoms and identify triggers

148
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

A psychiatric treatment in which electric currents sent through the brain induce seizures, often showing an immediate improvement in symptoms

149
Q

ECT is used to treat people with

A

Severe depression or acute mania

150
Q

Occupational therapy intervention for clients with mood disorders in the area of ADLs or I ADLs (6)

A
  1. Establishment of routines or skills training for activities of daily living including grooming, dressing and hygiene2. Management of medication routines3. Management of finances4. Community mobility and safety, such as accessing public and knowing when to ask for help5. Establishment or reestablishment of normal routines6. Psychoeducation concerning symptoms and triggers
151
Q

Occupatinal therapy interventions for clients with disorders in the area of social participation and leisure (3)

A
  1. Assistance an exploration of new leisure interests2. Encourage her self exploration and self-expression3. Integration or reintegration into the community or social group
152
Q

Occupational therapy interventions for clients with mood disorders in the area of work in education (4)

A
  1. Referral to work programs, such as supported employment programs2. Exploration of locations based on skills, limitations, and interests3. Stress and time management skills4. Instruction on realistic goal setting
153
Q

What is the most effective therapeutic value to treat depression?

A

CBT

154
Q

What modality reduces negative thinking associated with depression lesson symptoms and decreases the chance of relapse?

A

CBT

155
Q

CBT is a valuable tool for

A

Increasing self-control and increasing the amount of time between episodes for people with bipolar disorder

156
Q

CBT when combined with mood stabilizers results in

A

Who are bipolar episodes, fewer hospital admissions, better coping with manic symptoms, and higher functioning

157
Q

Participation in what, are valuable tools for immediately decreasing symptoms of depression? (3)

A
  1. Valued leisure activities2. Physical exercise 3. Meditation
158
Q

People with no disorders often experience high rates of

A

Unemployment even though they desire to work

159
Q

Occupational therapist have the skill to assist

A
  1. Job placement 2. job training 3. supported employment for individuals with mental disorders
160
Q

Mood disorder

A

A group of psychiatric disorders characterized by a pervasive disturbance of mood that is not due to medication, substance abuse, or other psychiatric conditions

161
Q

what is dysthymia

A

persistent mild depression

162
Q

Illicit drugs include(5)

A
  1. Marijuana2. Cocaine3. Heroin4. Hallucinogens5. Inhalants
163
Q

Psychotherapeutic use refers to the nonmedical use of

A
  1. Pain relievers2. Tranquilizers3. Stimulants4. Sedatives
164
Q

Substance dependent individuals have the strong desire to continue using the substance regardless of (5)

A
  1. negative consequences2. difficulty in controlling use3. increased tolerance4. prioritizing the substance5. experiencing a physical withdrawal from the substance
165
Q

Substance abuse does not

A

Reach the point of increased tolerance or withdrawal symptoms; yet the individual does experience negative consequences and continues to use

166
Q

Exact cause of substance use disorders is unknown however the following factors can all contribute (8)

A
  1. Genetics2. The preferred drug3. Temperament4. Socio-cultural influences5. Emotional distress6. Anxiety7. Depression8. Environmental factors
167
Q

Substance use often co-occurs with

A

Mental health conditions

168
Q

There is no cure for substance use disorder individuals may go through

A

Intermittent periods of sobriety, remission and a relapse

169
Q

Relapse depends on many variables including but not limited to(6)

A
  1. Substance abused2. Severity of addiction3. Length of treatment4. Gender5. Readiness for change6. Environmental and societal factors
170
Q

Stages of substance use (4)

A

1.experimental use2. regular use3.daily preoccupation4. Dependence

171
Q

Experimental use is typically done

A

Recreationally with peers

172
Q

Regular use is when

A

The user may increasingly prioritize the substance over other things, isolate themselves, or show increased tolerance to the substance

173
Q

Daily preoccupation occurs when

A

The user loses all motivation for other things besides the substance; they may experience behavior or relationship changes and may start using more dangerous substances

174
Q

Dependence is when

A

The user cannot face his or her daily life without drugs or loses control over use

175
Q

Cognition symptoms of substance abuse (3)

A
  1. Confusion2. Distorted perception3. Decrease emotional regulation
176
Q

Personality symptoms of substance abuse

A

Violent or hostile when confronted about substance use

177
Q

Behavior symptoms of substance abuse

A

Continuation of drugs despite negative consequences, lack of control

178
Q

Performance pattern symptoms of substance abuse (5)

A

1.missing work 2. Missing school3.changes and eating or sleeping4.unkept in self-care5. Lack of enjoyment in activities

179
Q

Withdrawal symptoms include (9)

A
  1. Headache2. Nausea3. Anxiety4. Agitation5. Insomnia6. Rapid heart rate7. Fever8. Convulsions 9. Hallucinations
180
Q

Withdrawal symptoms exhibit the overactivity of the

A

Autonomic nervous system

181
Q

Heavy substance abuse is linked to serious medical conditions such as (4)

A
  1. Heart disease2. Cancer3. HIV/AIDS4. Mental illness
182
Q

Substance abuse could lead to the following complications (8)

A
  1. Internal organ damage2. Lung and heart disease3. Decreased immune system4. Cognitive functioning impairments5.psychosocial functioning impairments6. Respiratory depression7.sexually-transmitted diseases 8.bacterial endocarditis, blood clots, pulmonary embolus, and many other issues
183
Q

The most effective treatment for substance related disorders is a dual approach of both

A

Pharmaceutical and psychosocial interventions

184
Q

Aftercare, outpatient facilities and support groups are key factors in preventing

A

Relapse

185
Q

Occupational therapy must recognize and respect the individuals (2)

A

Stage of recovery and clients particular needs

186
Q

OT intervention goes with clients that have substance use disorders may include (7)

A

1.improving health habits and routines2. Self care3. Developing skills and self-regulation and impulse control4. Experiencing group participation5. Learning communication strategies6. Preparing for a vocational role 7. Education

187
Q

OT’s will educate recovering users about (8)

A
  1. Job2. Leisure3. Life management4. Coping5. Social skills6. Life roles7.identity8. Community resources
188
Q

Types of occupational therapy intervention (5)

A
  1. Brief intervention2. Motivational Techniques 3.12-step facilitation 4. CBT5. Harm reduction model
189
Q

Brief intervention is

A

One or several sessions providing the client with screening education about the risks of substance abuse and coping strategies, group therapy sessions, goal setting, referral; encouragement to change; and participation and meaningful, healthy activities

190
Q

CBT emphasizes in substance abuse

A

The development of coping behaviors and self efficacy to change what a person thinks and does when regarding substance abuse; connect to relapse prevention

191
Q

12-step facilitation

A

Social and spiritual support groups encourage maintenance of abstinence

192
Q

What is occupational therapy’s role in 12-step facilitation?

A

Help the individual find support groups in their area and incorporate them into his or her schedule

193
Q

Substance use disorders

A

The harmful and hazardous use of psychoactive substances, which include alcohol, illicit drugs, and psychotherapeutics

OCTH 1031 (22 decks)

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