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OCTH 1031 > Med. Term Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System (Week 3) > Flashcards

Med. Term Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System (Week 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic blood vessels joining arteriolar and venules

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3
Q

Congenital

A

Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth which may result from genetic or environmental causes

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

Some of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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5
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

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6
Q

Cardiology

A

Focuses on medical surgical and therapeutic treatments of heart diseases

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7
Q

What are the three types of cardiology specialist?

A
  1. cardiologists
  2. pediatric cardiologist
  3. cardiac surgeons
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8
Q

12 surgeries performed by cardiac surgeons (Spackman p1125)

A
  1. angioplasty
  2. stenting
  3. Atherectomy
  4. CABG
  5. Minimnal invasive bypass surgery
  6. transmyocardial revascularization
  7. Valve replacement
  8. Radio frequency or catheter ablation
  9. LVAD
  10. defibrillator/pacemaker
  11. Cardiomyoplasty
  12. heart transplant
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9
Q

Cardiovascular (CV) system is composed of

A

The heart and extensive network of blood vessels

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10
Q

The main purpose of the circulatory system is to

A

Deliver oxygen, nutrients and other essential body substances to body cells and remove waste products of cellular metabolism

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11
Q

A contraction is known as

A

Systole

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12
Q

The resting period Between contractions when the heart fills with blood is known as

A

Diastole

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13
Q

Aneurysm/o

A

Widening, widened blood vessel

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14
Q

Aneurysmectomy

A

Excision of an aneurysm;to repair a weak area and they order that is likely to rupture if left in place

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15
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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16
Q

Aortostenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta

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17
Q

Arter/o

Arteri/o

A

Artery

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18
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation of the artery

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19
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries

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20
Q

Ather/o

A

Fatty plaque

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21
Q

Atheroma

A

Accumulation of degenerative material in the inner layer of artery walls. The material consists debris containing lipids calcium and variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue

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22
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium

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23
Q

Atrium

A

To upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

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24
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

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26
Q

Coron/o

A

Heart

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27
Q

Coronary

A

Pertaining to the heart

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28
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

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29
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the veins

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30
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

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31
Q

Venous

A

Pertaining to the vein

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32
Q

Thromb/o

A

Blood clot

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33
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Destruction of blood clots

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34
Q

Varic/o

A

Dilated vein

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35
Q

Varicose

A

Pertaining to dilated veins

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36
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel; vast deferens ; duct

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37
Q

Vasospasm

A

Involuntary contractions of the vessel

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38
Q

Vascul/o

A

Vessel

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39
Q

Vascular

A

Pertaining to vessels

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40
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle (of the heart or brain)

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41
Q

Interventricular

A

Pertaining to the area in between ventricles

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42
Q

-cardia

A

Heart condition

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43
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid heart rate

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44
Q

-gram

A

Record, writing

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45
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of electrical activity of the heart

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46
Q

-graph

A

Instrument for recording

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47
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart

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48
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

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49
Q

Angiography

A

Process of recording images of the lumen of blood vessels

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50
Q

-stenosis

A

Narrowing, stricture

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51
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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52
Q

Bradycardiac

A

Pertaining to the slow heart rate

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53
Q

Endo-

A

In, within

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54
Q

Endocardium

A

Structure with in the heart

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55
Q

Epi-

A

Above, upon

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56
Q

Epicardium

A

Structure above the heart

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57
Q

Peri-

A

Around

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58
Q

Pericardium

A

Structure around the heart

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59
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

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60
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth(congenital)- The larger the aneurysm becomes, the greater the risk of rupture

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61
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia also called angina

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62
Q

Fusiform aneurysm

A

Dilation of the entire circumference of the artery

63
Q

Saccular aneurysm

A

Bulging on one side of the artery wall

64
Q

Dissecting aneurysm

A

Tear (dissection) in the wall of an artery because of bleeding into the weakened wall, which splits the wall (more common in the aorta)

65
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat also called dysrhythmia

66
Q

Fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia in which there is rapid uncoordinated quivering of the Myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

67
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls resulting in partial and eventually total blockage

68
Q

Bruit

A

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent bloodflow

69
Q

Embolus

A

Mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

70
Q

Heart block

A

Disease of the electrical system of the heart which controls activity of heart muscle

71
Q

Heart block first-degree

A

Atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

72
Q

Heart block second-degree

A

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

73
Q

Heart block third-degree

A

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles also called complete heart block CHB

74
Q

Heart failure HF

A

Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms such as shortness of breath, led swelling and exercise intolerance

75
Q

Hypertension HTN

A

Consistently elevated blood pressure causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart

76
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow

77
Q

Mitral valve prolapse MVP

A

Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

78
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

79
Q

Myocardial infarction MI

A

Necrosis Of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary artery’s also called heart attack

80
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

PDA

A

Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arc in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

81
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Severe sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes folllowed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress also called Raynaud phenomenon

82
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

83
Q

Stroke

A

Damaged part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or more commonly blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident CVA

84
Q

Thrombus

A

A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart commonly causing vascular obstruction also called blood clot

85
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body occurring most commonly in the lower leg

86
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious or debilitating stroke in the future; also called mini stroke

87
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Insertion of a small tube, catheter ,through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach) which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart

88
Q

Cardiac enzyme studies

A

Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

89
Q

Doppler ultrasonography

A

Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for stroke

90
Q

Echocardiography (ECHO)

A

Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and the valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

91
Q

Electrocardiography

ECG EKG

A

Creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography

92
Q

Holter monitor

A

Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours), on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities

93
Q

Stress test

A

EKG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

94
Q

Nuclear stress test

A

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary bloodflow

95
Q

Troponin I

A

Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle(not skeletal muscle). And is a highly sensitive specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction MI

96
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon with a catheter to widen it to restore blood flow in the artery

97
Q

Cardioversion

A

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying and electrical countershock to the chest using a device also called defibrillation

98
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

99
Q

Defibrillator

A

Device used to administer defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rythm

100
Q

Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ACID)

A

Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmia by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

101
Q

Automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to simulate a heart in cardiac arrest

102
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lining of an artery

103
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

Removal of arthrosclerosis, and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

104
Q

Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)

A

Treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)

105
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

106
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty

107
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent clotting or coagulation of blood

108
Q

Beta blockers

A

Slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure

109
Q

Nitrates

A

Relieve just change associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart(HF)

110
Q

Satins

A

Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and black production of an enzyme in the liver that produce cholesterol

111
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

112
Q

AAA

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

113
Q

AED

A

Automatic external defibrillator

114
Q

AICD

A

Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

115
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

116
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

117
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

118
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

119
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

120
Q

CV

A

Cardiovascular

121
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle

122
Q

EVLT

A

Endovenous laser therapy; endoluminal laser therapy

123
Q

HDL

A

High-density lipoprotein

124
Q

HF

A

Heart failure

125
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension

126
Q

ICD

A

Implantable cardioverter-difribrillator

127
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction

128
Q

MVP

A

Mitral valve prolapse

129
Q

PDA

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

130
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

131
Q

US

A

Ultrasound, ultrasonography

132
Q

Coranary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

narrowing of the coronary arteries that results in failure of the arteries to deliver an adequate supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium

133
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

134
Q

arteriostenosis

A

narrowing of the arterial walls

135
Q

What causes arteriostenosis?

A

artherosclerosis

136
Q

CAD causes the ordinarily ___ ___ of the artery to become roughened as the ___ __ collects in the artery

A

smooth lining

atherosclerotic plaque

137
Q

Artherosclerotic plaque causes partial and, eventually, total blockage of the artery called an ____

138
Q

_____ is a condition that occurs when there is a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium

139
Q

A total or almost total occlusioin causes what to die?

A

myocardium

140
Q

When myocardium dies it causes_____

A

a myocardial infarction (MI)

141
Q

CAD can be surgically treated by these 2 surgeries

A
  1. angioplasty

2. CABG

142
Q

What forms as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta exceeding its normal diameter by more than 50%?

A

AAA - Abdominal aortic aneurysm

143
Q

80-90% of all AAA ruptures result in

144
Q

Symptoms of an AAA

A

usually none

145
Q

AAA is diagnosed by

A

xray or CT scan performed for an evaluation of ANOTHER condition

146
Q

Large AAA require repairing the aneurysm with

A

synthetic graft or a stent-graft

147
Q

varicose veins are also known as

A

varicosities

148
Q

Varicose veins are caused by

A

dilated veins due to long periods of pressure that prevents complete closure of the valves

149
Q

Incompetent valves

A

do not close all the way

150
Q

Varicose veins

A

enlarged, twisted superficial veins

151
Q

Symptoms of varicose veins (3)

A
  1. aching
  2. feeling fatigue
  3. skin changes
152
Q

blood pooling in varicose veins puts a person at risk for

A

thrombosis

153
Q

Risk factors for varicose veins (4)

A

prolonged standing
prolonged sitting
pregnancy
family hx

154
Q

Treatments of varicose veins (3)

A

sclerotherapy
EVLA of the greater saphenous veins in the legs
microphlebectomies of the lesser saphenos veins

OCTH 1031 (22 decks)

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