Med. Term Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System (Week 3) Flashcards
1
Q
Arteries
A
Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
2
Q
Capillaries
A
Microscopic blood vessels joining arteriolar and venules
3
Q
Congenital
A
Pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth which may result from genetic or environmental causes
4
Q
Metabolism
A
Some of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
5
Q
Veins
A
Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
6
Q
Cardiology
A
Focuses on medical surgical and therapeutic treatments of heart diseases
7
Q
What are the three types of cardiology specialist?
A
- cardiologists
- pediatric cardiologist
- cardiac surgeons
8
Q
12 surgeries performed by cardiac surgeons (Spackman p1125)
A
- angioplasty
- stenting
- Atherectomy
- CABG
- Minimnal invasive bypass surgery
- transmyocardial revascularization
- Valve replacement
- Radio frequency or catheter ablation
- LVAD
- defibrillator/pacemaker
- Cardiomyoplasty
- heart transplant
9
Q
Cardiovascular (CV) system is composed of
A
The heart and extensive network of blood vessels
10
Q
The main purpose of the circulatory system is to
A
Deliver oxygen, nutrients and other essential body substances to body cells and remove waste products of cellular metabolism
11
Q
A contraction is known as
A
Systole
12
Q
The resting period Between contractions when the heart fills with blood is known as
A
Diastole
13
Q
Aneurysm/o
A
Widening, widened blood vessel
14
Q
Aneurysmectomy
A
Excision of an aneurysm;to repair a weak area and they order that is likely to rupture if left in place
15
Q
Aort/o
A
Aorta
16
Q
Aortostenosis
A
Narrowing of the aorta
17
Q
Arter/o
Arteri/o
A
Artery
18
Q
Arteritis
A
Inflammation of the artery
19
Q
Arteriosclerosis
A
Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
20
Q
Ather/o
A
Fatty plaque
21
Q
Atheroma
A
Accumulation of degenerative material in the inner layer of artery walls. The material consists debris containing lipids calcium and variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue
22
Q
Atri/o
A
Atrium
23
Q
Atrium
A
To upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
24
Q
Cardi/o
A
Heart
25
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
26
Coron/o
Heart
27
Coronary
Pertaining to the heart
28
Phleb/o
Vein
29
Phlebitis
Inflammation of the veins
30
Ven/o
Vein
31
Venous
Pertaining to the vein
32
Thromb/o
Blood clot
33
Thrombolysis
Destruction of blood clots
34
Varic/o
Dilated vein
35
Varicose
Pertaining to dilated veins
36
Vas/o
Vessel; vast deferens ; duct
37
Vasospasm
Involuntary contractions of the vessel
38
Vascul/o
Vessel
39
Vascular
Pertaining to vessels
40
Ventricul/o
Ventricle (of the heart or brain)
41
Interventricular
Pertaining to the area in between ventricles
42
-cardia
Heart condition
43
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate
44
-gram
Record, writing
45
Electrocardiogram
Record of electrical activity of the heart
46
-graph
Instrument for recording
47
Electrocardiograph
Instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart
48
-graphy
Process of recording
49
Angiography
Process of recording images of the lumen of blood vessels
50
-stenosis
Narrowing, stricture
51
Brady-
Slow
52
Bradycardiac
Pertaining to the slow heart rate
53
Endo-
In, within
54
Endocardium
Structure with in the heart
55
Epi-
Above, upon
56
Epicardium
Structure above the heart
57
Peri-
Around
58
Pericardium
Structure around the heart
59
Angioplasty
Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
60
Aneurysm
Abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth(congenital)- The larger the aneurysm becomes, the greater the risk of rupture
61
Angina pectoris
Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia also called angina
62
Fusiform aneurysm
Dilation of the entire circumference of the artery
63
Saccular aneurysm
Bulging on one side of the artery wall
64
Dissecting aneurysm
Tear (dissection) in the wall of an artery because of bleeding into the weakened wall, which splits the wall (more common in the aorta)
65
Arrhythmia
Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat also called dysrhythmia
66
Fibrillation
Arrhythmia in which there is rapid uncoordinated quivering of the Myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
67
Atherosclerosis
Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls resulting in partial and eventually total blockage
68
Bruit
Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent bloodflow
69
Embolus
Mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
70
Heart block
Disease of the electrical system of the heart which controls activity of heart muscle
71
Heart block first-degree
Atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
72
Heart block second-degree
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
73
Heart block third-degree
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles also called complete heart block CHB
74
Heart failure HF
Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms such as shortness of breath, led swelling and exercise intolerance
75
Hypertension HTN
Consistently elevated blood pressure causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart
76
Ischemia
Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow
77
Mitral valve prolapse MVP
Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
78
Murmur
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
79
Myocardial infarction MI
Necrosis Of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary artery's also called heart attack
80
Patent ductus arteriosus
| PDA
Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arc in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
81
Raynaud disease
Severe sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes folllowed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress also called Raynaud phenomenon
82
Rheumatic heart disease
Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
83
Stroke
Damaged part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or more commonly blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident CVA
84
Thrombus
A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart commonly causing vascular obstruction also called blood clot
85
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body occurring most commonly in the lower leg
86
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious or debilitating stroke in the future; also called mini stroke
87
Cardiac catheterization
Insertion of a small tube, catheter ,through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach) which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
88
Cardiac enzyme studies
Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
89
Doppler ultrasonography
Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for stroke
90
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and the valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
91
Electrocardiography
| ECG EKG
Creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
92
Holter monitor
Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours), on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
93
Stress test
EKG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
94
Nuclear stress test
ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary bloodflow
95
Troponin I
Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle(not skeletal muscle). And is a highly sensitive specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction MI
96
Angioplasty
Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon with a catheter to widen it to restore blood flow in the artery
97
Cardioversion
Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying and electrical countershock to the chest using a device also called defibrillation
98
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
99
Defibrillator
Device used to administer defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rythm
100
Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ACID)
Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmia by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
101
Automatic external defibrillator (AED)
Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to simulate a heart in cardiac arrest
102
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of the lining of an artery
103
Carotid endarterectomy
Removal of arthrosclerosis, and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
104
Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)
Treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)
105
Sclerotherapy
Chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
106
Valvuloplasty
Insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty
107
Anticoagulants
Prevent clotting or coagulation of blood
108
Beta blockers
Slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure
109
Nitrates
Relieve just change associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart(HF)
110
Satins
Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and black production of an enzyme in the liver that produce cholesterol
111
Thrombolytics
Dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
112
AAA
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
113
AED
Automatic external defibrillator
114
AICD
Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
115
ASHD
Arteriosclerotic heart disease
116
BP
Blood pressure
117
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
118
CAD
Coronary artery disease
119
CT
Computed tomography
120
CV
Cardiovascular
121
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
122
EVLT
Endovenous laser therapy; endoluminal laser therapy
123
HDL
High-density lipoprotein
124
HF
Heart failure
125
HTN
Hypertension
126
ICD
Implantable cardioverter-difribrillator
127
MI
Myocardial infarction
128
MVP
Mitral valve prolapse
129
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus
130
TIA
Transient ischemic attack
131
US
Ultrasound, ultrasonography
132
Coranary Artery Disease (CAD)
narrowing of the coronary arteries that results in failure of the arteries to deliver an adequate supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium
133
myocardium
heart muscle
134
arteriostenosis
narrowing of the arterial walls
135
What causes arteriostenosis?
artherosclerosis
136
CAD causes the ordinarily ___ ___ of the artery to become roughened as the ___ __ collects in the artery
smooth lining
| atherosclerotic plaque
137
Artherosclerotic plaque causes partial and, eventually, total blockage of the artery called an ____
occlusion
138
_____ is a condition that occurs when there is a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium
ischemia
139
A total or almost total occlusioin causes what to die?
myocardium
140
When myocardium dies it causes_____
a myocardial infarction (MI)
141
CAD can be surgically treated by these 2 surgeries
1. angioplasty
| 2. CABG
142
What forms as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta exceeding its normal diameter by more than 50%?
AAA - Abdominal aortic aneurysm
143
80-90% of all AAA ruptures result in
Death
144
Symptoms of an AAA
usually none
145
AAA is diagnosed by
xray or CT scan performed for an evaluation of ANOTHER condition
146
Large AAA require repairing the aneurysm with
synthetic graft or a stent-graft
147
varicose veins are also known as
varicosities
148
Varicose veins are caused by
dilated veins due to long periods of pressure that prevents complete closure of the valves
149
Incompetent valves
do not close all the way
150
Varicose veins
enlarged, twisted superficial veins
151
Symptoms of varicose veins (3)
1. aching
2. feeling fatigue
3. skin changes
152
blood pooling in varicose veins puts a person at risk for
thrombosis
153
Risk factors for varicose veins (4)
prolonged standing
prolonged sitting
pregnancy
family hx
154
Treatments of varicose veins (3)
sclerotherapy
EVLA of the greater saphenous veins in the legs
microphlebectomies of the lesser saphenos veins
