Conditions of the Cardiovascular System P.P. (Week3) Flashcards
MI
gross necrosis of the myocardium due to interruption of the blood supply to the area
If the blockage is below 40% patient usually does not know they have __________
artherosclerosis
Client will have 50% or more blockage when symptoms begin to show in _______
artherosclerosis
Signs and symptoms of MI ( 6)
- Chest pain/pressure
- shortness of breath
- nausea/vomiting
- weakness
- diaphoresis/sweating
- sudden death
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
SOB is usually what a person experiences after ____ ____
physical activity
MI causes ____ due to pressure on the chest.
dyspnea
If the pressure of what is thought to be an MI goes away it is most likely ______
angina
Diagnosing an MI (3)
- blood work
- EKG
- Chest xray
Cardiac markers such as CK-MB and Troponins are signs of
MI
Troponins are
released in the blood system when the heart muscle dies.
EKG shows an elevation in the ___
ST interval
Causes of an MI (6)
- Thrombus (clot) formation at the site, or that travels to (embolism) a narrowed vessel
- Atherosclerosis/plaque formation
- vaspospasm
- hypotension
- anemia
- cocaine use
embolism
a clot that travels
Thrombus
clot that is caught in a narrow vessel
A thrombus that gets caught in a vessel with atherosclerosis causes an
MI
Vasospasm
vessels constrict distally and peripherally to protect the body (keep warm)
When a vasospasm occurs to a main artery it can mimic a
MI
As angina worsens the heart will grow new vessels around the partially blocked vessels. This is called
collateral circulation
Atherosclerosis is
plaque formation in the coronary artery blocking blood flow and oxygen to the heart
What is the most common type of HD?
CHD
CHD can lead to
MI, angina and other complications
Decline in HD deaths are due to (2)
- people are reducing their own risk factors
2. New medications and procedures are preventing HD
MAJOR Risk factor of CAD (4)
- smoking
- high cholesterol/lipids
- hypertension/ high BP
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
All MAJOR CAD risk factors are _________
modifiable
High blood pressure is caused by ______
inflammation in the coronary arteries
High blood pressure can cause a ___
stroke