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BECOM II EXAM IV > Mechanisms of inflammation > Flashcards

Mechanisms of inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
calor
rubor
tumor
dolor
functio laesa
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2
Q

what is the process of inflammation

A

PAMPS/DAMPS -> PRR -> immune cells -> cytokine response _> innate immunity/ inflammatory response -> adaptive immunity

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3
Q

what cells are involved with acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

neutrophils

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4
Q

what cells are involved with asthma

A

eosinophils; IgE

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5
Q

what cells are involved with septic shock

A

cytokines

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6
Q

which type of inflammation is mainly nuetrophils

A

acute

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7
Q

which type of infection is primarily monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes

A

chronic

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8
Q

what are the five steps of acute inflammation

A
  1. recognition of antigen/damage
  2. recruitment of leukocytes
  3. leukocytes/proteins destroy agent
  4. inflammation resolves
  5. damaged tissue is replaced
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9
Q

what is hemostasis

A

vasoconstriction, platelet activation, clot formation

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10
Q

what starts recruitment and activation of leukocytes

A

hemostasis

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11
Q

which cells recognize offending agents

A

mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and then they recruit neutrophils macrophages, T and B cells

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12
Q

what is the primary cell signaling pathway associated with inflammation

A

NFkB

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13
Q

what activates NFkB

A

GF, IL-1, TNF, LPS

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14
Q

what are the first two steps in leukocyte recruitment

A

vasodilation, increase permeability

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15
Q

what is the difference in transudate and exudate

A

Transudate is fluid pushed through the capillary due to high pressure within the capillary. Exudate is fluid that leaks around the cells of the capillaries caused by inflammation.

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16
Q

what is margination

A

when selectins and iCAMS cause leukocyts to adhere to blood vessel walls

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17
Q

CXC chemokines attract

A

neutrohils

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18
Q

CXCL7 is produced by

A

platelets

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19
Q

which chemokines compete with HIV

A

CCL3 and CCL4

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20
Q

what is the receptor for endotoxin

A

TLR4

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21
Q

what is the receptor for lipoprotein

A

TLR1,2,6

22
Q

what is the receptor for peptidoglycan

A

NOD 1 &2

23
Q

what is the receptor for heat shock proteins

A

TLR2, 4

24
Q

what is the receptor for bacterial DNA

A

TLR9

25
Q

what is the receptor for bacterial RNA

A

TLR3,TLR7, TLR 8

26
Q

Heme induces TNF-a via

A

NFkB

27
Q

what is the receptor for mitochondria

A

TLR9

28
Q

what stimulates the production of acute phase proteins

A

IL-6

29
Q

measured clinically as a sign on ongoing inflammation

A

C-reactive protein

30
Q

what is upregulated in acture inflammation

A 
CRP
ferritin
fibrinogen
hepcidin
serum amyloid A
31
Q

what is downregulated in acute inflammation

A

albumin

transferrin

32
Q

what are the steps of repair of tissue damage

A

activation of fibroblast
angiogenesis
re-epithelium
maturation

33
Q

causes fever and stimulates production of acute phase proteins

A

IL-6

34
Q

what interleukins cause fever

A

IL-1b, TNFa, iL-6

35
Q

what are the systemic changes in inflammation

A

cardinal signs, flu-like symptoms, edema

36
Q

does transudate or exudate have high proteins, occurs late in inflammation, high specific gravity, and coagulates upon standing

A

exudate

37
Q

pyogenic bacteria cause _______ inflammation

A

suppurative inflammation

38
Q

mast cells under go what to lead to diapedesis

A

degranulation

39
Q

what are the causes of chronic inflammation

A

persistent infections
hypersensitivities
exposure to toxins

40
Q

what are the most prevalent cells in chronic inflammation

A

macrophages

41
Q

Th1 cells produce

A

IFN-gamma

42
Q

what do TH2 cells secrete

A

IL-4, Il-5, IL-13

43
Q

what do Th17 cells secrete

A

IL-17

44
Q

what are the interluekins for inflammation

A

IL-1, IL-12, IL-23

45
Q

which cells contain Major Basic Protein

A

eosinophils

46
Q

nodular collection of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes

A

granuloma

47
Q

activated macrophages have squamous cell like appearance

A

epithelioid macrophages

48
Q

what cells look like they have many nucleus in a circle

A

granuloma

49
Q

which is non caseating granulomas

A

sarcoidosis

50
Q

What cells will be present in chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

51
Q

What is most prevalent cells in chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages

BECOM II EXAM IV (19 decks)

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