Intro to GI Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

allow organs to function in syncytium

A

gap junctions

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2
Q

what is pharmacomechanical coupling

A

found in smooth muslce, ligand activation, activation of G protein, release Ca from intracellelar storage

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3
Q

what do Ca channel blockers do

A

disrupt GI motility by preventing rapid inward current depolarization

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4
Q

what causes depolarization of RMP in ENS

A

stretching, Ach, hormones

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5
Q

what causes hyperpolarization in RMP of ENS

A

sympathetic

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6
Q

what is effect of sympathetic innervation of GI

A

reduce blood flow, motility, and secretion

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7
Q

what is the main mediator of sympatheric innervation

A

NE

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8
Q

NE acts directly on

A

smooth muscle sphincter

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9
Q

reflexes from gut to paravertebral ganglia and back to gut

A

gastrocolic, enterogastric, colonoileal

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10
Q

reflexes from gut to spinal cord or brainstem and back to the gut

A

vagovagal, pain, defecation

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11
Q

controls contraction in GI muscle layers in response to food stimuli

A

vagovagal

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12
Q

T/F efferents that synapse with musculature are both inhibitory and stimulatory

A

T

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13
Q

T/F efferents that synapse with secretory are both inhibitory and stimulatory

A

False, only excitatory

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14
Q

motor, between longitudinal and circular

A

myenteric (auerbach’s plexus)

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15
Q

secretomotor, absent in esophagus

A

submucosal, meissner plexus

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16
Q

controls motility, contains excitatory and inhibtiory

17
Q

controls local secretion and absorption

A

submucosal

18
Q

type of nuerons that is largests portion of auerback

19
Q

nueron that has nicotinic fast EPSP, greater excitability, resonds to tetradoxin (NA channel blocker)

20
Q

what is the second messenger of AH type cells

21
Q

what is the second messenger of S type cells

A

IP3 and Ca2+

22
Q

what neurotransmitters evoke EPSP

A

Histamine, serotonin, substance P, Gastrin, CCK and ACh

23
Q

Fast EPSP is mediated by ______ and couples with

A

ACh; ion channels

24
Q

what are the slow IPSP

A

opioid, NE, galanin, adenosine

25
NE acts on what receptors
A2 adrenoreceptors, mimicked by somatostatin in meissners plexus
26
where does galanin work
auerbach
27
adenosine acts through what receptors
A1, low cAMP
28
what are the mediators of prsynaptic inhibition
CCK, ATP, histamine, NE, and ACH
29
_______ surpresses fast and slow EPSPs in myenteric plexus
serotonin
30
______ acts on muscarinic receptors to suppress its own release
ACh
31
main excitatory nuerotransmitters from the musclomotor
Ach and substance P
32
excitatorty secretomotor neurons release primarily
ACh and VIP
33
inhibitory nuerotransmitters
ATP, VIP, NO-inhibit circular
34
why is gastrin not affected by removal of the vagal nerve
itulizes GRP, not Ach
35
tip of villi are
hypoxic