Liver And Metabolism

Question 1

What must Acetyl CoA be converted to enter the cytosol for FA synthesis

Answer 1

Citrate, dependent on CaSH B5

Question 2

What is the rate limiting enzyme in FA synthesis

Answer 2

Acetyl CoA carboxylase, B7 dependent

Question 3

What converts Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

Answer 3

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 4

FAS uses a lot of

Answer 4

ATP and NADPH

Question 5

Because Beta oxidation cannot compete with FA synthesis, what transporter must FA use to move into the mitochondria and what inhibits this transporter

Answer 5

FA-carnitine shuttle; Malonyl CoA

Question 6

Esterification happens in liver because of? In adipose?

Answer 6

Glycerol kinase, DHAP; DHAP

Question 7

What kind of reaction is making a triglyceride

Answer 7

Dehydration

Question 8

What is the long term regulator of FA

Answer 8

ChREBP

Question 9

Glucagon ______, insulin ________

Answer 9

PKA, phosphatase

Question 10

TAGs are broken down by

Answer 10

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 11

What are the ketone bodies

Answer 11

Acetone, acetoacetate, 3Hydroxybutyrate

Question 12

where is CCk produced

Answer 12

Duodenum in response to lipids

Question 13

What does secretin doe

Answer 13

Tells pancreatic ductal cells to release bicarbonate

Question 14

TAG loading requires

Answer 14

APO-B1, must have MTP for production on chylomicrons

Question 15

What is lipoprotein lipase activated by

Answer 15

APO-C2

Question 16

LPL is unregulated by

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

LPL Km in adipose ____ LPL Km in muscle

Answer 17

>

Question 18

Phase 1 detoxification uses

Answer 18

Cytochrome P450

Question 19

EToH is treated with

Answer 19

NAC to increase GSH

Question 20

What are the phase 2 conjugation pathways

Answer 20

glutathione conjugation, glucoronization, sulfation

Question 21

What is cholesterol used for

Answer 21

Precursor of bile salts
Precursor of steroids
Precursor of vit D
Structure of membrane

Question 22

How much of cholesterol is free

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

Cholesterol is uptaken by what transporter? What drug blocks this?

Answer 23

Neimann-pick; exetimide

Question 24

Most cholesterol is synthesized in

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

Which action is primarily phosphorylated

Answer 25

Catabolism

Question 26

Squalene synthesis requires what as a cofactor

Answer 26

NADPH

Question 27

What does VLDL do

Answer 27

Transports endogenously synthesized TAGs to peripheral tissues

Question 28

What does LDL do

Answer 28

Carries cholesterol to periphery or liver

Question 29

What is the exchange between HDL and LDL and what enzyme initiates it

Answer 29

CETP, CE goes to LDL and TAG goes to HDL

Question 30

Lipoproteins enter cells via

Answer 30

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 31

HDL uses APO1 to

Answer 31

LCAT- esterifies cholesterol to maintain gradient

Question 32

What is ABCA1

Answer 32

ATP dependent cholesterol transporter

Question 33

_________ is a drug that does the same as fiber

Answer 33

Cholestryramine

Question 34

What is the process of atherosclerosis

Answer 34

Endothelial injury, monocytes, macrophages, foam cells, increase SM, raise LDL

Question 35

All carbons come from ______ in cholesterol synthesis

Answer 35

Acetyl CoA

Question 36

What is the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

Answer 36

HMG-CoA reductase, controlled by SRE

Question 37

Statins inhibit

Answer 37

HMG-CoA reductase