GI Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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2
Q

how does saliva prevent tooth decay

A

carries IgA

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3
Q

what cells secrete digestive enzymes such as a-amylase

A

serous cell with zymogen granules

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4
Q

where do electrolytes move in salivon

A

sodium and Cl absorbed

K and HCO3- secreted

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5
Q

electrolyte modification primarily takes place in

A

striated ducts

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6
Q

a fast rate of secretion will have a _____ NaCl content

A

higher

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7
Q

what are the components of saliva

A

IgA, muramidase (lysozyme), lactoferrin (quenches iron), thiocyanate ions (destroys bacteria), EGF, NO leukocytes

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8
Q

difference in sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of saliva

A

sympathetic is B adrenergenic, short lived, and more viscous

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9
Q

what are the effects of mineralcorticoids on Na and K

A

increase na absorption, K secretion

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10
Q

what is the affect does ADH have on of Na reabsoption

A

increase

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11
Q

how does parasympathetic increase salivation

A

directly and by increases blood flow

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12
Q

pyloric glands contain what cells

A

G cells, secrete gastrin

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13
Q

oxyntic glands contain what cells

A

prietal cells (HCl), endrocrine cells, chief cells

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14
Q

surface mucous cells secrete

A

mucous and HCO3-

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15
Q

what do D cells produce

A

somatostatin

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16
Q

what stimulates gastrin secretion

A

gastrin, ACh, and histamine

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17
Q

what transporter produces HCl in parietal cells

A

H/K atpase, source is from H2Co3 produced by CA

18
Q

blood leaving the stomach is

19
Q

what converts pepsinogen to pepsin

20
Q

Intrinsic factor is secreted from

A

parietal cells, necessary for B12 absoprtion at distal ileum

21
Q

what nuerotransmitters does the vagus nerve use to produce gastric secretion

A

Ach, histamine

22
Q

G cells are stimulated by

23
Q

parietal cells histamine receptors are blocked by

A

cimetidine and rantidine

24
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

decrease gastrin (acts in duodenum)

25
what peptide from small intestine and endocrine cells inhibit parietal cells
gastric inhibitory peptide
26
acid, FA, hyperosmolar chyme in duodenum stimulate
enterogastrones
27
what enzyme breaks down basic AA
trypsin
28
what enzyme breaks down aromatic AA
chymotrypsin
29
where are pancreatic enzymes produced
acinar cells
30
HCO3 secretion in pancrease is associated with ____ tide in plasma
acid
31
what increases pancreatic secretion
ACh, secretin, and CCk
32
secretion from Brunner's gland (duodenum) is inhibited by
sympathetic tone
33
secretion from Brunner's gland (duodenum) consists of
mucous and HCO3-
34
secretion from Brunner's gland (duodenum) is stimualted by
irritant, vagus, secretin
35
sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, lactase are produced by
enterocytes, crypts of lieberkuhn
36
what are the other functions of the crypts of lieberkuhn
replenishing dead/shed epithelial lining, protect the epithelial cells from damage
37
what is etiology of cholera toxin
increase cAMP, increase Cl and H2O
38
what does VIP do
increase small intestine secretion
39
what is the large intestine response to irritation
excessive water and HCO3 loss
40
What is the most common cancer of the small intestine
Lymphoma, seen in the peyer’s patches within the lamina propria
41
What are the most common tumors in the LI
Adenocarcinoma