Male Reproductive (8) Flashcards
testis structure
surrounded by tunica albuginea-dense irregular collagen CT
-thickens @ epididymis attachement site into mediastinum testis
divided into lobuli testis by CT septa
lobuli testis
surrounded by tunica vasculosa (filled with blood vessels)
each lobule testis has 1-4 seminiferous tubules to produce sperm
interstitial cells of leydig produce testosterone specifically @ vascular LCT from vasculosa
seminiferous tubules
immature sperm cells @ periphery and mature cells @ center
seminiferous epithelium
tunica propria = collagen + myoid cells to contract/squeeze
sertoli cells for physical/physiological support for maturing sperm
sertoli cells
-lateral wavy borders w/ spermatids in folds
-stop dividing at puberty
-protect from host immune system after spermatogonium phase bc meiosis
sperm maturation
- spermatogonium
- primary spermatocyte
- secondary spermatocyte
- early spermatids
- late spermatid
sertoli cell compartments
sertoli-sertoli cell junction complex divides basal epithelial + luminal compartment
occludens junctions hold basal onto luminal compartment + cell-cell connections like desmosomes
luminal has haploid cells diff than somatic cells so must be protected from immune system
cell types in each compartment
basal = spermatogonia from germ cells og @ yolk sac
luminal = spermatocyte > early and late spermatids > early spermatozoa
sperm cell histology
spermatogonia = small, dark, compact near periphery
primary spermatocytes = largest, prominent chromosomes since active meiosis
spermatids = oval, elongated nucleus
mature spermatozoa = in lumen
secondary are short lived and rarely seen so not ID
gametogenesis
process that immature sex cells are prepped for fertilization
spermatogenesis begins at puberty but have spermatogonia at birth just stay dormant
spermatogenesis n,d
- start as 2n, 2d = 46 single chromatid chromos
- primary spermatocyte = 2n, 4d bc DNA replication
- meiosis 1 = 1n, 2d - 23 double chromatid chromos
- meiosis 2 = 1n, 1d - 23 single chromatid chromos
takes 74 days
spermatogenesis stages
- spermatogonial = spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte
- meiosis = primary > secondary spermatocyte > spermatid
- spermiogenesis = spermatid > spermatozoa
interstitial cells of leydig
has smooth ER + lipid droplets + mitochondria
testosterone is immediately released into bloodstream never stored
pathway of spermatozoa
- seminiferous epi in seminiferous tubules
- tubuli recti (intratesticular)
- rete testis (intratesticular)
- efferent ductules
- duct of epididymis
- ductus deferens/ vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
efferent ductule
resorb xs fluid from sertoli cells
lumen looks sawtooth, pseudo columnar epi + tall ciliated cells to sweep sperm > epididymmis
+ short nonciliated to resorb fluid
ductus epididymis
sperm become motile
pseudo columnar + stereocilia to absorb xs fluid
ductus/vas deferens
@ spermatic cord
pseudo columnar epi + inner/outer longitudinal SM + middle circular SM
seminal vesicle
secrete viscous, yellow, fructose rich seminal fluid for sperm nutrition
pseudo columnar epi + fibroelastic CT + SM
prostate gland layers
- mucosal = inner/deepest, small glands
- submucosal = intermed, larger glands
- peripheral = main, largest glands, cancer
glands are surrounded by dense irreg collagen CT
prostatic concretions
aka corpora amylacea
build up of proteins, not dangerous
nodular prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
benign nodules not dangerous but make urinating difficult
testosterone > DHT (more potent) @ prostate > BPH bc test and DHT bind androgen receptors in epi cells for growth factor
adenocarcinoma of prostate
will appear solid, white tissue, NOT spongy like BPH
malignant cells dark cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei
