Male Reproductive (8)

Question 1

testis structure

Answer 1

surrounded by tunica albuginea-dense irregular collagen CT
-thickens @ epididymis attachement site into mediastinum testis

divided into lobuli testis by CT septa

Question 2

lobuli testis

Answer 2

surrounded by tunica vasculosa (filled with blood vessels)

each lobule testis has 1-4 seminiferous tubules to produce sperm

interstitial cells of leydig produce testosterone specifically @ vascular LCT from vasculosa

Question 3

seminiferous tubules

Answer 3

immature sperm cells @ periphery and mature cells @ center

Question 4

seminiferous epithelium

Answer 4

tunica propria = collagen + myoid cells to contract/squeeze

sertoli cells for physical/physiological support for maturing sperm

Question 5

sertoli cells

Answer 5

-lateral wavy borders w/ spermatids in folds
-stop dividing at puberty
-protect from host immune system after spermatogonium phase bc meiosis

Question 6

sperm maturation

Answer 6

1. spermatogonium
2. primary spermatocyte
3. secondary spermatocyte
4. early spermatids
5. late spermatid

Question 7

sertoli cell compartments

Answer 7

sertoli-sertoli cell junction complex divides basal epithelial + luminal compartment

occludens junctions hold basal onto luminal compartment + cell-cell connections like desmosomes

luminal has haploid cells diff than somatic cells so must be protected from immune system

Question 8

cell types in each compartment

Answer 8

basal = spermatogonia from germ cells og @ yolk sac

luminal = spermatocyte > early and late spermatids > early spermatozoa

Question 9

sperm cell histology

Answer 9

spermatogonia = small, dark, compact near periphery

primary spermatocytes = largest, prominent chromosomes since active meiosis

spermatids = oval, elongated nucleus

mature spermatozoa = in lumen

secondary are short lived and rarely seen so not ID

Question 10

gametogenesis

Answer 10

process that immature sex cells are prepped for fertilization

spermatogenesis begins at puberty but have spermatogonia at birth just stay dormant

Question 11

spermatogenesis n,d

Answer 11

1. start as 2n, 2d = 46 single chromatid chromos
2. primary spermatocyte = 2n, 4d bc DNA replication
3. meiosis 1 = 1n, 2d - 23 double chromatid chromos
4. meiosis 2 = 1n, 1d - 23 single chromatid chromos

takes 74 days

Question 12

spermatogenesis stages

Answer 12

1. spermatogonial = spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte
2. meiosis = primary > secondary spermatocyte > spermatid
3. spermiogenesis = spermatid > spermatozoa

Question 13

interstitial cells of leydig

Answer 13

has smooth ER + lipid droplets + mitochondria

testosterone is immediately released into bloodstream never stored

Question 14

pathway of spermatozoa

Answer 14

1. seminiferous epi in seminiferous tubules
2. tubuli recti (intratesticular)
3. rete testis (intratesticular)
4. efferent ductules
5. duct of epididymis
6. ductus deferens/ vas deferens
7. ejaculatory duct
8. urethra

Question 15

efferent ductule

Answer 15

resorb xs fluid from sertoli cells

lumen looks sawtooth, pseudo columnar epi + tall ciliated cells to sweep sperm > epididymmis
+ short nonciliated to resorb fluid

Question 16

ductus epididymis

Answer 16

sperm become motile

pseudo columnar + stereocilia to absorb xs fluid

Question 17

ductus/vas deferens

Answer 17

@ spermatic cord
pseudo columnar epi + inner/outer longitudinal SM + middle circular SM

Question 18

seminal vesicle

Answer 18

secrete viscous, yellow, fructose rich seminal fluid for sperm nutrition

pseudo columnar epi + fibroelastic CT + SM

Question 19

prostate gland layers

Answer 19

1. mucosal = inner/deepest, small glands
2. submucosal = intermed, larger glands
3. peripheral = main, largest glands, cancer

glands are surrounded by dense irreg collagen CT

Question 20

prostatic concretions

Answer 20

aka corpora amylacea
build up of proteins, not dangerous

Question 21

nodular prostatic hyperplasia

BPH

Answer 21

benign nodules not dangerous but make urinating difficult

testosterone > DHT (more potent) @ prostate > BPH bc test and DHT bind androgen receptors in epi cells for growth factor

Question 22

adenocarcinoma of prostate

Answer 22

will appear solid, white tissue, NOT spongy like BPH

malignant cells dark cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei