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Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 > Integument (7) > Flashcards

Integument (7) Flashcards

1
Q

integument

contents

A

skin
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
hair
nails

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2
Q

functions of skin

A
  1. protect from microorganisms/dehyrdation
  2. reg of body temp by sweat
  3. reception by sensory nerve endings
  4. absorption of UV to form vit D
  5. excretion by sebaceous/sweat glands
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3
Q

thin skin

A

covers most of body surface

has hair follicles + arrector pili musclse + sebaceous + sweat glands

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4
Q

thick skin

A

palm of hand and soles of feet
has sweat glands only

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5
Q

skin layers

A
  1. epidermis-superficial/epithelial
  2. dermis- deeper CT layer

epidermis is avascular

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6
Q

epidermis cells

A

in general: stratified squamous keratinized avascular

keratinocytes-most common
nonkeratinocytes

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7
Q

keratinocytes

A

epithelial cells

provide physical barrier/is protective

continuous skin renewal by mitotic activity at night @ basal layer cells»accumulate keratin filaments as migrate to surface

evolve and desquamate every 25-30 days

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8
Q

nonkeratinocytes

A

langerhans cells
merkel cells
melanocytes

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9
Q

langerhans cells

A

from precurosrs in bone marrow > blood stream> epidermis mainly @stratum spinosum and superficial dermis

defensive cells

have cytoplasmic processes and Birbeck granules (tennis racket)

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10
Q

langerhan cell function

A

attach to antigens entering skin > travel to lymph node to interact w/ lymphocytes

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11
Q

merkel cells

A

@ base of hair follicles and fingertips
@stratum basale of epidermis

mechanoreceptors to enhance sensory perception

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12
Q

melanocytes

A

@stratum basale and superficial dermis
-from neural crest

syn melanin (protect skin DNA from UV radiation)

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13
Q

melanin pathway

A
  1. RER syn tyrosinase (enzyme)
  2. golgi packs it into melanosomes
  3. tyrosinase activated by UV light
  4. tyrosine > melanin via tyrosinase @melanosomes
  5. melanosomes released into ECS of spinosum > phagocytosed by keratinocytes
  6. move to supranuclear region to protect chromosomes from UV
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14
Q

differences in skin pigmentation

A
  1. tyrosinase activity
  2. # of melanin granules
  3. size of granules
  4. granule distribution
  5. rate of melanin breakdown
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15
Q

vitiligo

A

loss of pigment so white patches

due to dec or complete loss of melanocytes

autoimmunity or self destruction of melanocytes

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16
Q

albinism

A

melanocytes present but not syn melanin due to defect or absence of tyrosinase

17
Q

malignant melanoma

A

causes: hereditary, light skin, xs sunlight exposure

ABCDE of melanoma

18
Q

strata of thick skin

A
  1. corneum (superficial)
  2. lucidum
  3. granulosum
  4. spinosumm
  5. basale (deep)

can lucy get a spin bike

19
Q

stratum basale

thick skin

A

columnar shape w/ desmosomes, rests on basement membrane w/ hemidesmos

most intense mitotic activity so layer of cell renewal

melanocytes and merkel cells reside

20
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

pearly papule

slow growing and rarely metastasize so treatable via surgery

21
Q

stratum spinosum

thick skin

A

interdigitating processes/intercellular bridges held by desmosomes to keep cells from sep so bind and protect

spiny appearance/zipper/prickley

bundles of intermed filaments, langerhans cells, membrane coated granuels

IFs= tonofilaments + cytokeratin

22
Q

stratum granulosum

A

keratohyalin granules (soft keratin protein) + membrane coating granules (lamellar bodies lipids)

waterproofs skin surface via exocytosis of lipid rich substance form sheet

23
Q

lamellar bodies contents

A
  1. glycosphingolipids
  2. phospholipid
  3. ceramide
24
Q

stratum lucidum

A

subdivision of stratum corneum w/ keratin filaments
NO organelles/nuclei aka non-viable cells
protective

25
Q

stratum corneum

A

thick layer w/ keratin filaments + amorphous matrix (will thicken w/ friction aka callus)

flat/desiccated/keratinized dead cells so no nuclei or organelles

protective

desquamates easily bc no desmos b/t cells to bind

26
Q

strata of thin skin

A
  1. thin corneum
  2. discontinous lucidum
  3. discontinuous granulosum
  4. thin spinosum
  5. stratum basale
27
Q

ichthyosis

A

hyperkeratosis = fish scales presentation

28
Q

papillary layer

dermis

A

superficial loose CT layer of dermis for defense

dermal papillae interdigitate w/ epidermal ridges (more prominent in high mechanical stress aka palms and soles)

29
Q

papillary layer contents

dermis

A

LCT cells= fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells
+reticular fibers
+elastic fibers
+Meissner corpuscles= mechanoreception
+abundant capillary loops for nutrition and thermoreg

30
Q

reticular layer

dermis

A

dense irregular coll CT reticular layer for tensile strength w/ collagen bundles

thick elastic fibers for stretch/resilence

31
Q

reticular layer contents

dermis

A

proteoglycans (rich in dermatan sulfate)
+fibroblasts, mast cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, fat cells
+hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
+pacinian corpuscles to detect deep pressure/vibrations

32
Q

hypodermis

A

superficial fascia
not a part of skin
base/root of hair follicules

33
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

ordinary sweat glands, scattered thru skin/body

expel waste via merocrine secretion
-have myoepithelial cells to assist
-inn by postganglionic sympathetic fibers

simple coiled tubular shape

34
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

@ axilla, areola of nipple, anal region

merocine excretion, influenced by hormones and sympathetics

don’t start until puberty

35
Q

sebaceous glands

A

syn sebum (natural cold cream) to soften skin
-influenced by hormones, active at puberty

holocrine secretion

36
Q

hair follicle structure

A

1.bulb @ base (encloses dermal papilla)
2.cortex keratinized
2.medulla w/ mod keratinization
3.cuticle keratinized
4.internal root sheath w/ some keratiniz
5.glassy membrane
6.CT

external root sheath not a part of hair

37
Q

dermis contents

A
  1. collagen (tensile strength)
  2. immune cells (defense)
  3. capillaries (nutrition/thermoreg)
  4. glands (thermoreg/excrete waste)
  5. nerve fiber terminals (sensation)
  6. elastic fibers (stretch)
38
Q

arrector pili muscles

hair follicles

A

smooth muscle contract to raise hair follicles and conserve body heat

attaches to hair follicle midway/obliquely + cradles sebaceous gland

39
Q

nail structure

A
  1. nail fold + eponychium
  2. root
  3. nail plate (dense keratinz) rest on nail bed (strat squamous)
  4. matrix (growth happens)
  5. hyponychium

Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 (33 decks)

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