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Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 > Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

ovary structure

A
  1. germinal epi = simple squamous or cuboidal
  2. tunica albuginea = dense irreg collagen CT
  3. cortex = outer portion of CT, has stroma where follicles made/mature
  4. medulla = loose CT, neurovascular tissue
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2
Q

PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome

A

super thick tunica albuginea so follicles can’t erupt/release so no ovulation or hormones

oocytes become trapped and degenerate > fluid filled cysts

treat hormone therapy but infertility harder

lack normal femine characteristics

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3
Q

fallopian/uterine tube parts

A
  1. infundibulum with fimbria, lots mucosa + little muscularis, largest diameter portion
  2. ampulla for fertilization
  3. isthmus with mid muscularis + smaller mucosa
  4. interstitial part with lots of muscularis + little mucosa

muscle moves oocyte via peristaltic contractions

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4
Q

mucosal folds of uterine tube

A

simple columnar epi
+ cilia to move oocyte to uterus
+ non ciliated peg cells to secrete nutrients and glycoproteins for egg and sperm

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5
Q

tubal ectopic pregnancy

A

if embryo grows in tube then can rupture > death

inc risk if scar tissue blocking lumen of tube
-purposeful surgery for infertility
-removal of uterine tube in ectopic preg
-disease
-random

embryos cannot be transplanted to uterus

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6
Q

implantation sites

A

normally: posterior uterine wall
most common: in tube closer to fibriae
least common: in the ovary itself
also: in body cavity but less danger since spacious

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7
Q

uterus layers

A
  1. perimetrium: serosa + adventitia
  2. myometrium: outer longitudinal + middle circular + inner longitudinal
  3. endometrium: blood vessels, basal layer + functional layer + surface epi

functional layer sheds in menses

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8
Q

uterine cervix

A

junction b/t endocervical epi (simple columnar, mucous) and vaginal epi (stratified squamous, nonkeratin)

elastic fibers + mostly dense CT + some SM

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9
Q

cervical glands

A

branched, lined with mucous secreting columnar epi

vagina has NO GLANDS all from cervix or greater vestibular gland if aroused

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10
Q

pap smears

A

check for cancer (froim HPV)

abnormal will show large nuclei + little cytoplasm + many neutrophils\
VS pycnotic nuclei + abundant cyto + RBC + few neutrophils for normal

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11
Q

menstrual cycle phases

A
  1. menstrual phase: flow, days 1-4
  2. proliferative/follicular/estrogenic: follicle prepping for ovulation of oocye, estrogen stims prolif of tissues in functional layer, 5-14
  3. secretory/luteal/progestational: corpus luteum forms, progesterone stims syn/secrete of glycoproteins by uterine glands, 15-28
    -corpus lutem stop function at 14 if no implant, progesterone/estrogen drop
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12
Q

phase histology

A
  1. proliferative: straight tube glands
  2. secretory: coiled glands of columnar epi + glycogen for implantation
  3. late secretory: extremely coiled
  4. menstrual: spasmodic contractions stop blood flow so necrosis of functional layer, bleeding from blood vessels breaking off
  5. post menopausal: thin atrophic endo with only basal layer, glands inactive or form cysts
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13
Q

fibroids/uterine leiomyoma

A

benign tumors from whorls of SM cells and collagen
-rounded @ embedded in myometrium OR subserosal/submucosal (inside uterus) layers

heavy menstrual flow or pain if inside uterus, if outside then can infringe on other things/nerves

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14
Q

breast tissue structure

A

dense irreg collagen CT around lobules + branched ducts if non preg
-if preg then acini form for lactation

secretions go from lobe>lactiferous duct>nipple

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15
Q

hormone pathway

A
  1. hypothalamus with neurosecretory cells
  2. syn neurosecretory hormones
  3. syn gonadotropin releasing hormone
  4. gonadotropes are target cells to release FSH and LH
  5. FSH and LH transported to ovary to stim follices to mature/release
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16
Q

ovarian dimples

A

where follicles explode out of

never heal so will inc dimples w/ age, post menopause women lots of dimples

17
Q

chromosome numbers

n

A

haploid (1n) = 23 chromos, sex cells
diploid (2n) = 46 chromos, 23 pairs aka one each parent, somatic cells

18
Q

DNA numbers

d

A

1d = 23 single chromatid
2d = 23 double chromatid, normal humans
4d = 46 double chromatid during cell div

19
Q

oogenesis

A

process primordial germ cells differentiate into mature ova
-begins before birth in female fetuses
-2 meiotic divs = single mature ovum + 2 polar bodies

polar bodies degenerate

20
Q

oogenesis steps

A
  1. prenatally primordial germ cells arise in umbilical vesical/yolk sac as 2n, 2d
  2. germ cells div via mitosis as migrate to ovaries
  3. DNA duplicates during interphase to 2n, 4d, 46 double chromos
  4. meiosis begins after mitosis in months 3-7, stops at prophase 1
  5. primary oocytes are 2n, 4d double chromos at birth
  6. remain dormant until puberty starts completion of meiosis 1 to make secondary
  7. meiosis 2 stops at metaphase 2
  8. completed only if fertilized
21
Q

ovarian follicle

A

develop start at puberty and continues through menopause

oocyte + follicle or granulosa cells

22
Q

follicle development

A
  1. primordial: form pre-birth, one primary oocyte surrounded by follicle cells held by desmosomes
  2. secondary: fluid filled spaces b/t granulosa cells + zona pellucida + theca interna + theca externa
  3. mature/graafian: has antrum, corona radiata, cumulus oophorus
23
Q

layers of growing follicle

A
  1. granulosa cells: communicate via gap jxns, extend to oocyte
  2. zona pellucida: carb gel membrane with glycans
  3. theca interna: layer of glandular cells, endocrine
  4. theca externa: collagen CT
24
Q

layers of mature follicle

A
  1. antrum: filled with plasma, aminoglycans, protein, hormones
  2. corona radiata: 1st layer of granulosa cells
  3. cumulus oophorus: pedestal of cells from the granulosa
25
Q

ovulation

A
  1. FSH and LH trigger release
  2. oocyte detaches from cumulus oophorus
  3. stigma sticks out into stroma
  4. protease degenerates stroma
  5. follicle ruptures and antrum fluid squirts
  6. corpus luteum develops
  7. granulosa and thecal cells > temp endocrine gland for progesterone/estrogen
26
Q

hormone levels

A

first 1/2 cycle = estrogen stims prolif of endometrial tissue, progesterone stims glands to release secretions for blastocyst
-will spike after ovulation
-released by follicle granulosa and theca interna

hCG from syncytiotrophoblast facilitates endometrium maintenance

FSH/LH control follicle growth and egg release

27
Q

corpus luteum

A

theca interna cells > theca lutein cells that secrete androgen

granulosa cells > granulosa lutein cells to secrete progesterone, convert androgens from theca into estrogen
-contain lipid droplets, smooth ER, mito

Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 (33 decks)

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