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Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 > Lymphatic Tissues and Organs- Sum 6 > Flashcards

Lymphatic Tissues and Organs- Sum 6 Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system

A

consists of: cells + tissues + organs

collectively form part of the immune/defense system to monitor and protect body from harm (microorganisms, foreign substances, tumor cells, transplanted cells, virus)

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2
Q

lymphatic tissue

A

very cellular with large numbers of lymphocytes

either primary or secondary

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3
Q

primary lymphatic tissues

A

donors to secondary

site of development and maturation

bone marrow
thymus

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4
Q

secondary lymphatic tissues

A

recipients from primary

site of immunological surveillance and formation of defense vs antigens/pathogens CONFRONTATION

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5
Q

MALT

A

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

  1. GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissues, in mucosa of GI tract)
  2. BALT (bronchus associated lymphatic tissue. in mucosa of respir tract)
  3. GU tract (mucosa tract)
  4. tonsils

secondary

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6
Q

examples of secondary

A

diffuse lymphatic tissue (MALT)
lymphatic nodules (MALT)
tonsils
lymph nodes (filter lymph)
spleen (filters blood)

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7
Q

diffuse lymphatic tissue

infiltrate

A

infiltrate lamina propria of
1. GI tract as GALT
2. respiratory tract as BALT
3. GU tract

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8
Q

diffuse lymphatics function

A

waiting to confront antigens or pathogens passing thru epithelium

is location of initial immune response

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9
Q

diffuse lymphatics structure

A

simplest, loose

reticular fibers

cells: B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells

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10
Q

primary lymphatic nodules

A

homogenous appearance

small lymphocytes

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11
Q

secondary lymphatic nodules

structure

A

mantle zone (MZ)= dark, small mature lymphocytes

germinal center = inner lighter zone, larger immature lymphocytes
-will swell and stimulate lymphocyte proliferatoin + plasma cell differentiate + antibody secretion

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12
Q

solitary lymphatic nodules

A

temporary

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13
Q

aggregates of lymphatic nodules

A

permanent

@ tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, BALT, appendix, ileum

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14
Q

tonsils

A

aggregates of lymphatic nodules w/ B and T lymphocytes

@nasopharynx = pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid
@fauces = palatine
@dorsal surface of poster 1/3 tongue = lingual

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15
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

appearance

A

pseudostratified columnar with cilia

pleats, NO crypts

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16
Q

palatine tonsil

appearance

A

stratified squamous nonkeritanized

have crypts

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17
Q

lingual tonsils

A

stratified squamous nonkeritanized

have crypts

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18
Q

lymph nodes function

A

filter lymph before it passes into blood vascular system

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19
Q

lymph node structure

A
  1. capsule- dense irregular collagenous CT, trabeculae carry blood vessels and nerves into lymph nodes
  2. hilum- concave, where blood vessels and efferent lymphatic vessels leave node
  3. sinuses- lined by simple squamous endothelial-like cells to permit exit/entrance of sinus
20
Q

parts of a sinus

lymph node

A

subcapular- deep to CT capsule
paratrabecular- surround trabeculae
medullary- wide and tortuous

21
Q

lymph node framework

A

reticular tissue w/

  1. stellate reticular cells: like fibroblasts so syn/secrete coll III, processes wrap around bundles of reticular fibers to seal/isolate them from tissue parenchyma
  2. dendritic cells- antigen presenting cells monitor foreign substances
  3. macrophages- phagocytic, antigen presenting
  4. follicular dendritic cells- bind ag-ab complexes for long periods of time
22
Q

lymph node parenchyma

A

cortex + paracortex + medulla

23
Q

cortex contents

lymph nodes

A

B lymphocytes
dendritic cells
follicular dendritic cells
macrophage
plasma cells

24
Q

paracortex contents

lymph node

A

T lymphocytes
postcapillary venules aka high endothelial venules (HEV)

B and T exit bloodstream via HEVs to para
B migrates to cortex

25
Q

medulla contents

lymph node

A

-stellate reticular cells
-reticular fibers
-B lymphocytes (leave cortex > migrate to medullary sinuses > exit via efferent vessels)
-plasma cells
-dendritic cells
-macrophages

26
Q

medullary sinuses contents

lymph node

A
  1. reticular fibers made by and covered by stellate reticular cell processes
  2. macrophages- piggy back stellate cells to phagocytose particulate matter
  3. lymphocytes
  4. plasma cells
  5. dendritic cells
27
Q

thymus

A

where T lymphocytes mature

originate in bone marrow as immature > migrate to thymus to become immunocompetent in thymic cortex > migrate to thymic medulla > leave

28
Q

thymus structure

A

2 lobes

  1. capsule - dense irregular CT
  2. trabeculae- partition thymus to form lobules
  3. lobules- has cortex and medulla (continuous w/ lobules of surrounding lobules)
29
Q

thymus- has/has nots

A
  1. no afferent lymphatic vessles aka does not filter lymph
  2. no stellate reticular cells- has epithelial reticular cells
  3. no 3D reticular fiber framework- has epithelial reticular cell framework
  4. no lymphatic nodules- has cortex and medulla
  5. no B lymphs- has T lymphs
  6. no sinuses or sinusoids
30
Q

type I epithelial reticular cells

thymus

A

form seal via occluden junctions around cortex

form sleeve around tunica adventitia of vessels

create antigen proof compartment for T lymphs in cortex

31
Q

blood thymus barrier

A

cortical capillary endothelium + basal lamina + macrophages + type I epithelial reticular cells

to isolate developing T lymphs from macromolecules in blood

32
Q

type II epithelial reticular cells

A

@mid cortex
branching, stellate shaped cells form meshwork/cytoreticulum

33
Q

type III epithelial reticular cells

A

form seal b/t cortex and medulla

34
Q

type IV epithelial reticular cells

A

establish barrier @ corticomedullary junction

35
Q

type V epithelial reticular cell

A

form meshwork/cytoreticulum aka framework of medulla

36
Q

type IV epithelial reticuluar cells

A

form thymic corpuscles (Hassall)
concentric, eosinophilic whorls @medulla
exhibit keratinization

37
Q

reticular cells of thymus cortex

function

A

protect/guard
create an antigen free environment for maturing lymphocytes in the cortex

38
Q

immuno-competent T Lymph

pathway

A

medulla
thymus
residence in:
1. deep cortex (paracortex) of nodes
2. PALS of spleen
3. GALT (Peyer’s patches) but mostly B
4. BALT mostly B some T

39
Q

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

A

developmental disorder (thymic hypoplasia or aplasia)

so can’t produce T lymphocytes = death from infection

40
Q

spleen

function

A

filters blood
site of B and T proliferation
site of blood cell elimination

41
Q

spleen structure

A
  1. capsule
  2. trabeculae
  3. hilum
  4. CT Stroma
  5. parenchyma (white and red pulp)
42
Q

white pulp

A

has PALS (T lymphs)
+ splenic nodules (B lymphs)

43
Q

red pulp

A

splenic cords (of Billroth)
-stellate reticular cells, platelets, RBCs, WBCs, macrophages, plasma cells, dendritic
+
splenic sinuses/sinusoids
-blood cells

44
Q

vascular supply to spleen

A
  1. trabecular arteries
  2. central artery w/ PALS
  3. splenic nodule
  4. penicillar arteriole
  5. pulp arteriole
  6. sheathed arterioles
  7. splenic sinuses
45
Q

splenic circulation

A

blood filtered in splenic cords

old blood cells and particulates phagocytosed by macrophages in cords

Fall-Foundational Sciences Year 1 (33 decks)

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