Maintenance full Flashcards
non-drive-side cup in the bottom bracket. Removed for maintenance of the bottom-bracket spindle and bearings, and it adjusts the bearings. Sometimes also applied to the top cup of the headset.
adjustable cup
a style of headset that allows the use of a fork with a threadless steering tube
AheadSet
also known as an allen wrench or hex key
allen key
another term for mountain bike
all-terrain bike (ATB)
a bolt securing a cable to a component
anchor bolt or cable anchor, cable anchor bolt, cable-fixing bolt
an American bicycle component company and parent company of Manitou
Answer Products
a brake manufacturer, a subsidiary of SRAM
Avid
a shaft around which a part turns, usually on bearings or bushings
axle
a length of a hub axle from dropout to dropout, referring to the distance from locknut face to locknut face
axle overlock dimension
a set of balls, generally made out of steel or ceramic, rolling in a track to allow a shaft to spin inside a cylindrical part
ball bearing
a short handlebar extension clamped onto the end of the handlebar and extending approximately perpendicular to it
bar end
a threaded cable stop that allows for fine adjustment of cable tension. Commonly found on rear derailleurs, shifters, brake levers, and dropper-post levers
barrel adjuster
a conical part with a bearing race around its circumference. It presses the ball bearings against the bearing race inside the bearing cup.
bearing cone
a polished, dish-shaped surface inside which ball bearings roll. The bearings roll on the outside of a bearing cone that presses them into their track inside this
bearing cup or headset cup
a track or surface on which the bearings roll. It can be inside a cup, on the outside of a cone, or inside a cartridge bearing
bearing race
a bolt clamping a seatpost in a frame, a bar end to a handlebar, a stem to a handlebar, or securing a threadless steering tube
binder bolt
to run out of fuel for the human body so that the ability to continue strenuous activity is impaired. The state of having such low blood sugar from insufficient intake of calories that the ability to perform is impaired
bonk
an assembly that allows the crank to rotate. Generally this includes bearings and an axle and on older bikes may include a fixed cup, an adjustable cup, and a lockring
bottom bracket (BB)
the vertical distance between the center of the bottom bracket and a horizontal line passing through the wheel-hub centers. Equal to the wheel radius minus the bottom bracket height.
Bottom-bracket drop
the height of the center of the bottom-bracket spindle above the ground
bottom-bracket height
a cylindrical housing at the bottom of a bicycle frame through which the bottom-bracket axle passes
bottom-bracket shell
a mechanical device that decelerates or stops the motion of the wheel through friction
brake
an arch-shaped part bolted to the ends of the brake bosses to reduce the flex of the bosses and seatstays when the cantilever or V-brakes are applied
brake booster
a fork or frame-mounted pivot for a brake arm
brake boss, or brake pivot, brake post, cantilever boss, cantilever pivot, cantilever post
a brake part fixed to the frame or fork containing moving parts attached to brake pads that stop or decelerate a wheel
brake caliper
a block of rubber or similar material used to slow the bike by creating friction on the rim, disc or other surface
brake pad or brake block
a metal pad holder that secures the brake pad to the brake arm
brake shoe
a generic term for most metal frame attachments, even those not brazed but rather welded or glued to the frame
braze-on boss
a method commonly used to construct steel bicycle frames. Involves the use of brass or silver solder to connect frame tubes and attach various items to the frame
brazing
a metal or plastic sleeve that acts as a simple bearing in pedals, suspension forks, rear shocks and shock-mounting points, suspension swingarm, derailleur pivots, and jockey wheels
bushing
a common type of frame tubing with varying wall thicknesses. Designed to accommodate high-stress points; ends of the tubes are thicker and other sections are thinner to reduce weight
butted tubing
wound or braided wire strands used to operate brakes and derailleurs
cable or inner wire
a cap on the end of a cable that keeps it from fraying
cable end cap
cable stop on a stem, headset washer, fork, or seatstay arch used to stop the brake cable housing for a cantilever or U-brake
cable hanger
a metal-reinforced exterior sheath through which a cable passes
cable housing or outer wire
a fitting on the frame, for, or stem at which a cable-housing segment terminates
cable stop or cable boss or cable-housing stop or outer wire stop
two guiding plates through which the chain travels. Both the front and rear derailleurs have this. on the rear also holds the jockey pulleys.
cage
an Italian bicycle component company
Campagnolo
American bicycle-component company and originator of the threadless headset
Cane Creek, originally Dia-Compe USE
a cable-operated rim brake consisting of two opposing arms pivoting on frame- or fork- mounted posts. Pads mounted to each brake arm are pressed against the braking surface of the rim via cable tension from the lever
cantilever brake
ball bearings encased in a cartridge consisting of steel inner and outer rings, ball retainers, and sometimes bearing covers
cartridge bearing
a group of cogs that mounts on a freehub; also, a group of chainrings that mounts on a spiderless crankarm
cassette
a series of metal links held together by pins and used to transmit energy from the crank to the rear wheel
chain
a single unit of a bicycle chain consisting of four plates with a roller on each end and in the center
chain link
a dragging of the chain by the chainring past the release point at the bottom of the chainring. The chain can be dragged upward until it is jammed between the chainring and the chainstay
chain suck
a flat piece of steel, usually attached to two lengths of chain. This tool is used to remove the rear cogs on a freehub or freewheel
chain whip or chain wrench
an imaginary line connecting the center of the middle chainring with the middle of the cogset. Should be straight and parallel to the vertical plane passing through the center of the bicycle. Measured as the distance from the center of the seat tube to the center of the middle chainring.
Chainline
a multiple-tooth sprocket attached to the right crankarm
chainring
a tool used to secure the chainring nuts while tightening the chainring bolts
chainring-nut tool
a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the bottom-bracket shell to the rear dropout and hence to the rear hub axle
chainstay
a C-shaped or spiral ring that fits in a groove to hold two cylindrical parts together
circlip or Jesus clip, or snapring
a pedal that relies on spring-loaded clips to grip a cleat attached to the bottom of the rider’s shoe without the use of toeclips and straps
clip-in pedal or clipless pedal
a sprocket located on the drive side of the rear hub
cog
a diminishment of the speed of compression of a spring on impact by hydraulic or mechanical means
compression damping
a threaded conical nut that serves to hold a set of bearings in place and also provides a smooth surface upon which those bearings can roll. can also refer to the conical member of any cup-and-cone ball-bearing system
cone
the distance between the centerline of the bottom-bracket spindle and the centerline of the pedal axle
crank length
a lever attached at the bottom-bracket spindle and to the pedal used to transmit a rider’s energy to the chain
crankarm
a bolt attaching the crank to the bottom-bracket spindle on a cotterless drivetrain
crankarm anchor bolt
an assemble that includes a bottom bracket, two crankarms, a chainring set, and accompanying nuts and bolts
crankset
a flat, open-end wrench head with a square hole at its base to accept the drive stub of a socket wrench or torque wrench
crowfoot wrench or socket or crow’s foot
a cup-shaped bearing surface that surrounds the bearings in a bottom bracket, headset, or bug. Also, the upper part of the shaft-eyelet assembly of a rear shock (the big end of the shock)
cup
a mechanism in a suspension fork or shock that reduces the speed of the spring’s oscillation movement
damper or damping cartridge
a reduction in speed of the oscillation of a spring, as in a suspension fork or shock
damping
a gear-changing device that allows a rider to move the chain from one cog or chainring to another while the bicycle is in motion
derailleur
a metal extension of the right rear dropout through which the rear derailleur is mounted to the frame
derailleur hanger
model name of Shimano electronic-shifting components
Di2
a traditional bicycle frame shape
diamond frame
a brake that stops the bike by squeezing brake pads attached to a caliper mounted to the frame or fork against a circular disc attached to the wheel
disc brake
a difference in spoke tension on the two sides of the rear wheel
dish or wheel dish
a centering of the rim in the frame or fork by adjustment of spoke tension in a wheel
dishing or wheel dishing
a tool to check the centering of a wheel rim relative to the axle ends
dishing tool
a two-chainring drivetrain setup (as opposed to a three or triple setup)
double
a frame tube that connects the head tube and bottom-bracket shell together
down tube
a flat-ended rod used for driving out bearings and bushings
drift
the crankarms, chainrings, bottom bracket, front derailleur, chain, rear derailleur, and freewheel or cassette
drivetrain
the difference in height between two parts; a terrain discontinuity you may or may not want to ride off; something not to do with your tools
drop
slots in the fork and rear triangle where the wheel axles attach
dropouts or fork ends or fork tips
a telescoping seatpost whose length can be adjusted on the fly while riding
dropper post
a manufacturer of spokes, other bicycle components, and tools
DT, DT Swiss
a protective cap keeping dirt out of a part
dust cap
a cone-shaped, hardened-steel tool with coarse, reverse threads to remove broken bolts. A hole is drilled into the center of the bolt, and this is inserted into the hole, and then turned with a tap handle counterclockwise
easy-out
a urethane spring sometimes used in suspension forks, rear shocks, suspension seatposts, and saddles
elastomer or MCU
a system for shifting gears on a bicycle in which the power to shift comes not from the pull on a cable but from an electric signal turning a servo motor on and off
electronic shifting
a rotation of the bike and rider forward over the front wheel
endo
a bolt that when tightened pulls a wedge up inside or alongside the part into which the bold is anchored to provide outward pressure and secure said part inside a hollow surface. Found inside quill stems and some handlebar-end plugs and shifters
expander bold
a part threaded onto an expander bolt. threaded down its center axis and is usually cylindrical in shape and truncated along an inclined plane or conical in shape and truncated parallel to its base
expander wedge or wedge
a cap for the end of cable housing
ferrule
a nonadjustable cup of the bottom bracket located on the drive side of the bottom bracket
fixed cup
largest diameter of the hub, where the spoke heads are anchored
flange
a part that attaches the front wheel to the frame
fork
a crosspiece connecting the fork legs to the steering tube
fork crown
perpendicular offset distance of the front axle from an imaginary extension of the steering-tube centerline
fork rake or offset or rake or wheel offset
the distance measured on the ground between the vertical line passing through the center of the front-hub axle (the center of the wheel contact patch) and the extension of the centerline of the head tube
fork trail or trail
a bicycle-suspension manufacturer that makes forks, rear shocks, and dropper posts. Parent company of RaceFace and Easton.
Fox
a central structure of a bicycle to which all of the parts are attached
frame
a rear hub that has a built-in freewheel mechanism to which the rear cogs are attached
freehub or cassette hub
a mechanism through which the rear cogs are attached to the rear wheel on a derailleur bicycle. locked to the hub when turned in the forward direction, but it is free to spin backward independently of the hub’s movement, thus allowing the rider to stop pedaling and coast as the bicycle is moving forward
freewheel
a traditional non indexed shifter attached to the frame or handlebar. cable tension is maintained by a combination of friction washers and bolts
friction shifter
the head tube, top tube, down tube, and seat tube of a bike frame
front triangle or main triangle
FSA
Full Speed Ahead - a manufacturer of bike components
the lowest gear, generally of a triple drive-train. in this gear, the chain is on the largest rear cog and the innermost (usually of three) front chainrings
granny gear
a twist shifter of the SRAM Corp that is integrated with the handlebar grip of a mountain bike. Shifts gears by twisting
Grip Shift
a curved tube, connected to the fork via the stem, that the rider holds in order to turn the fork and thus steer the bicycle. The brake levers and shift levers are attached to it.
handlebar
an acute angel formed by the centerline of the head tube and the horizontal
head angle
a bearing system, consisting of a number of separate cylindrical parts installed into the head tube and onto the steering tube, that secures the fork and allows it to spin and swivel in the frame
headset
the front tube of the frame through which the steering tube of the fork passes. Attached to the top tube and down tube and contains the headset.
head tube
a hexagonal wrench that fits inside a hexagonal hole in the head of a bolt
hex key or allen key or allen wrench
the central part of a wheel to which the spokes are anchored and through which the wheel axle passes
hub
a disc, drum, or coaster brake that stops the wheel with friction applied to a braking surface attached to the hub
hub brake
a type of brake that uses fluid pressure to move the brake pads against the braking surface
hydraulic brake
a French tire company
Hutchinson
a shifter that clicks into fixed positions as it moves the derailleur from gear to gear
index shifter
a valve on the compression-damping system on a front or rear shock that opens upon hard impacts and otherwise stays closed, in order to distinguish between bump forces and pedaling forces and prevent the shock from bobbing up and down during pedaling. Similar to a lockout lever, but unlike a lockout, it allows the shock to still be fully active for bump absorption while engaged.
inertia valve
on a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, usually clamped into the fork crown, except in the case of an upside-down fork, that slides in and out of the larger-diameter outer leg as the fork compresses and rebounds.
inner leg, upper tube, inner, stanchion
a headset in which the bearing seats are integrated into the head tube rather than requiring separate headset cups, and the bearings are completely concealed within the head tube
integrated headset
a circular, cog-shaped pulley attached to the rear derailleur that is used to guide, apply tension to, and laterally move the chain from rear cog to rear cog
jockey wheel or jockey pulley
an all-terrain tire used on mountain bikes
knobby tire
amount the rear axle moves vertically on a full-suspension bike with a given amount of movement of the shock shaft
leverage ratio
a pivoting steel hook on a V-brake arm that the cable-guide “noodle” hooks into
link
a notched or toothed washer that serves to hold surrounding nuts and washers in position
lock washer
a nut that serves to hold the bearing adjustment in a headset, hub, or pedal
locknut
a valve on the compression-damping system on a front or rear shock that prevents the shock from compressing. Modern shocked usually have a blowoff system that will allow the compression-damping circuit to open with a large impact to prevent the shock from being damaged on bit hits while this is engaged
lockout
a large circular locknut. on a bottom bracket, it is the outer ring that tightens the adjustable cup against the face of the bottom-bracket shell. on a rear shock, this is the threaded ring that tightens the coil spring on a coil-over shock or is used to secure the fore-aft position of the shock body on some air shocks. On a freehub, this holds the cogs on. On a CenterLock disc brake-compatible hub, this secures the rotor to the hub shell.
lockring
a style of rear derailleur pioneered by shimano in which the return spring is connected to the opposite vertices of the rear derailleur’s parallelogram linkage elements compared to the setup for a standard rear derailleur. This arrangement results in the derailleur’s moving to the low-gear position (the largest, most inboard rear cog) when the cable tension is removed, rather than to the high-gear position (the smallest, most outboard cog), as on a standard rear derailleur
low normal or rapid rise
a German brake company
Magura
an American suspension-fork and component company, subsidiary of Answer Products
Manitou
an Italian Suspension-fork and component company
Marzocchi
a piston chamber at the lever end of a hydraulic brake system
master cylinder
a detachable link that holds the chain together. Can be opened by hand without a chain tool
master link
a French wheel and bicycle-component company
Mavic
a tool for measuring the outside dimensions of an object or the inside dimensions of a hole by means of movable jaws
measuring caliper
a French tire company
Michelin
a bolt that mounts a part to a frame, fork, or component
mounting bolt, pivot bolt
a steel cylindrical cartridge with rod-shaped rollers arranged coaxially around the inside walls
needle bearing
a thin nut designed to receive the end of a spoke and seat it in the holes of a rim. a flared typ of a hydraulic caliper bleed fitting onto which a bleed hose can be attached
nipple
a curved cable-guide pipe on a V-brake arm that stops the cable housing and directs the cable to the cable anchor bolt on the opposite arm
noodle
in a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, often cast from magnesium and attached to the front-wheel axle, except in the case of an upside-down fork, that slides up and down over the smaller-diameter inner leg as the fork compresses and rebounds.
outer leg, casting, fork casting, outer, or slider
a platform the foot pushes on to propel the bicycle
pedal
an overlapping of the toe with the front wheel while pedaling
pedal overlap, toe overlap, or toeclip overlap
a highly damped low-speed compression circuit on a rear shock or suspension fork designed to reduce pedal-induced bobbing as well as keep the suspension high during braking and while riding berms and dips
pedal platform
the lateral distance between the feet while pedaling. the distance measured between the two vertical planes defined by the inboard side of each shoe at the first metatarsal as they move around the pedaling circle
pedaling stance
a V-shaped wrench with two tip-end pins. the pin spanner is often used for tightening the adjustable cup of the bottom bracket or other lockrings
pin spanner
a pin about which a part rotates through a bearing or bushing. found on brakes, derailleurs, and rear-suspension systems
pivot
a bolt on which another part pivots
pivot bolt
a thin, metal tire valve that uses a locking nut to prevent air from escaping from the inner tube or tire
Presta valve
the distance from the outer face of one crankarm at the pedal hole to the plane formed by the outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole as it spins. measured normal to this plane.
Q factor
a tightening lever and shaft used to attach a wheel to the fork or rear dropouts without using axle nuts; a quick-opening lever and shaft pinching the seatpost inside the seat tube in lieu of a wrench-operated bolt; a quick cable release on a brake; a fixing mechanism that can be quickly opened and closed as on a brake cable or wheel axle; any anchor bolt that can be quickly opened and closed by a lever
quick-release
a vertical tube of a stem for a threaded headset system that inserts into the fork steering tube. It has an expander wedge and bolt inside to secure the stem to the steering tube
quill
a stem with a quill to insert inside a threaded fork steering tube
quill stem
a circular track on which bearings roll freely
race, bearing race
A Canadian bicycle-component company
Race Face
an indexing shifter manufactured by Shimano for use on mountain bikes with two separate levers operating each shift cable
Rapidfire shifter
a rear part of the bicycle frame that includes the seatstays, the chainstays, and the seat tube
rear triangle
a diminishing of speed of return of a spring by hydraulic or mechanical means
rebound damping
an outer hoop of a wheel to which the tire is attached
rim
a handlebar with a double bend on each side of the stem clamp so that the grips are higher than the stem
riser bar
an American bicycle and bicycle-component company
Ritchey
an American suspension-fork and component company, subsidiary of SRAM
RockShox
a brake system using pulleys and a cam to force the brake pads against the rim surface
roller-cam brakes
a platform made of leather and/or plastic upon which the rider sits
saddle, seat
the amount the front or rear shock compresses with the rider’s weight static on the bike. Its purpose is to preload the shock so that it forces the rear wheel down into the ground when the bike is unweighted after a bump, thus increasing tire contact and traction in rough terrain
sag or ride height
a high-pressure air valve with a spring-loaded air-release pin inside. Found on some bicycle inner tubes and tubeless tires, on air-sprung suspension forks and rear shock, and on automobile tires and tubes
Schrader valve
a bearing enclosed in a protective seal in an attempt to keep contaminants out
sealed bearing
an acute angle formed by the centerline of the seat tube and the horizontal
seat angle
an intersection of the seat tube, top tube, and seatstays
seat cluster
a frame tube into which the seatpost is inserted
seat tube
a tubular member supporting, securing, and allowing height adjustment of the saddle
seatpost
a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the seat tube or the rear shock to the rear dropout and hence to the rear hub axle
seatstay
a thin element inserted between two parts to ensure that they are the proper distance apart. can be a thin washer and can be used to space a disc-brake caliper away from the frame or fork or to space a bottom-bracket cup away from the frame’s bottom-bracket shell. can also be a thin piece of metal used to make a seatpost fit more tightly inside the seat tube. can also be small, thin discs found inside suspension forks and rear shocks to control suspension movement by permitting or hindering passage of hydraulic fluid through an orifice
shim
a Japanese bicycle-component company and maker of XTR, XT, Saint, LX, and STX component lines as well as Rapidfire, SPD, and STI
Shimano
a trail with a single furrow made for feet or two-wheeled vehicle, as opposed to a road or doubletrack, which has a track for each pair of wheels
singletrack
a long rod; a hub quick-release; a shaft passing through a stack of elastomer bumpers in a suspension fork
skewer
a piston chamber in the caliper of a hydraulic brake
slave cylinder
a brand of tire sealant consisting of chopped fibers in a liquid medium injected inside a tire or inner tube to flow to and fill small air leaks
Slime
What type of pliers are mentioned?
Needle-nose pliers
What tools are included for metric measurements?
Folding metric hex keys
What types of wrenches are specified?
Metric open-end/box-end wrenches
How many standard screwdrivers are recommended?
One of each size: small, medium, and large
How many Phillips-head screwdrivers are suggested?
One small and one medium
What is the recommended quantity of plastic tire levers?
Set of three
What should be carried as spare tubes?
At least two spare tubes of the same size and valve type as those on your bike
What is advised for coating the inside of tires?
Container of talcum powder
What is a precaution regarding talcum powder?
Do not inhale this stuff
What cleaning supply is mentioned?
Rubbing alcohol
What tool is necessary for shock adjustment?
Shock pump
What type of patch kit is recommended?
One that comes with sandpaper, not a metal scratcher
What type of patches should the patch kit include?
Patches with soft orange rubber backing to the black rubber
How often should you check the glue in your patch kit?
At least every year and a half
What is a practical item to take on rides for repairs?
A little packet of glueless patches
True or False: Glueless patches work as well as standard patches.
False
What is a 6-inch adjustable wrench also known as?
Crescent wrench
What types of pliers are recommended?
Regular and needle-nose
List the sizes included in a set of metric hex keys.
- 2.5mm
- 3mm
- 4mm
- 5mm
- 6mm
- 8mm
- 10mm
What are folding sets of hex keys known for?
Keeping wrenches organized but not strong enough for larger sizes
Which sizes of metric open-end/box-end wrenches are included?
- 7mm
- 8mm
- 9mm
- 10mm
- 13mm
- 14mm
- 15mm
- 17mm
What is a 15mm pedal wrench characterized by?
Thinner and longer than a standard wrench, thicker and stronger than a cone wrench
What tool is used for disconnecting and reconnecting bike chains?
Chain tool
What is the purpose of a chain-elongation gauge?
To monitor the condition of the chain
What should a spoke wrench match in size?
The size of the nipples on the bike’s wheels
What are pad spacers used for?
To prevent pushing the pads out too far when the wheel is out
What type of grease is recommended for bicycle maintenance?
Bicycle grease
What should be avoided when using automotive grease?
Using it on suspension forks, shocks, or in twist shifters
What type of chain lubricant is preferred?
Nonaerosol drip bottle
What is the use of rubbing alcohol in bike maintenance?
For cleaning disc-brake pads, rotors, and installing handlebar grips
What is a recommended quantity of rags for bike maintenance?
A lot of rags
What are the two types of valve mentioned?
- Presta
- Schrader
What additional item is needed for air-sprung suspension forks or rear shocks?
Shock pump
What is important about a shock pump’s head?
It should have a no-leak head
What does Level 2 Tool Kit include beyond Level 1?
- Portable bike stand
- Shop apron
- Tire pressure gauge
Why is a tire pressure gauge preferred over a pump gauge?
It is more accurate for getting pressure exact
What is recommended for organizing a workspace for bike maintenance?
Creating a well-organized workspace with a shop bench
What is a hacksaw used for?
Removing snaprings from suspension components
A hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade is effective for precise cuts.
What are cone wrenches used for?
Loose-bearing hubs
Standard sizes include 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 16mm.
What sizes are included in a set of metric socket wrenches?
7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, and 15mm
These sizes cover a wide range of bicycle components.
What is the purpose of a crank puller?
Removing crankarms
It is particularly useful for old, three-piece cranksets.
What tool is needed for removing cogs from the rear hub?
Cassette lockring tool
This tool is essential for maintaining the drivetrain.
What is a chain whip used for?
Holding cogs while loosening the cassette lockring
It prevents the cog from spinning during removal.
What type of grease is specifically mentioned for Grip Shift shifters?
Silicone-based grease
This type of grease is recommended for optimal performance.
Which tool is used for both Schrader and Presta valves?
Valve core removers
These are essential for tire service and shock maintenance.
What is the function of a bench vise in bike maintenance?
Securing components while working on them
Especially useful for working on rear shocks.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is used for tightening or loosening a chainring bolt.
Chainring-nut tool
This tool holds the nut in place during the process.
What type of tool is needed for external-bearing bottom brackets?
Oversize splined wrench
This tool is necessary for removing the cups.
True or False: Snapring pliers are used for threaded bottom brackets.
False
They are intended for unthreaded bottom brackets with snapring service.
What is the purpose of tire sealant?
Setting up tubeless tires or installing in inner tubes for puncture protection
It helps maintain air pressure and prevents flat tires.
What type of hammer is recommended for bike maintenance?
Medium ball-peen hammer
Useful for various tasks requiring a striking tool.
What is assembly paste used for?
Especially for seatposts
It helps in preventing seizing and aids in future disassembly.
What tool is used for cutting coaxial shift cable housing?
Cable cutter
This tool allows for clean cuts without crushing the housing.
What type of pliers are referred to as Channellock pliers?
Adjustable pliers
They are useful for gripping and turning various components.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is needed for freeing stuck parts.
Penetrating oil or ammonia
These substances help to loosen rusted or seized components.
What items are essential for cleaning a dirty machine?
- Tape
- Safety glasses
- Rubber dish gloves or cheap latex gloves
- Buckets
- Large brushes
- Sponges
- Degreaser
- Dish soap or bike cleaner
These items help ensure that a machine is cleaned effectively and safely.
What is the primary function of a parts-washing tank?
To clean bike parts using an environmentally safe degreaser
Used solvent must be disposed of responsibly.
What tool is needed to free stuck parts and press in others?
Large bench-mounted vise
What type of pliers are necessary for bike maintenance?
Master link pliers
What is a shop chain tool used for?
Works on 6-speed to 12-speed chains
What tool is used for installing headset cups?
Headset press
What is the purpose of a fork-crown race punch?
For installing the fork-crown race of the headset
What does the headset cup remover rocket do?
Removes headset cups and PF30 bottom brackets
What is the function of a PF24 bottom-bracket-remover rocket?
Removes smaller bottom brackets
Fill in the blank: A _______ installation tool is used for threadless headsets.
Star-nut
What type of hammer should be used to prevent damage to parts?
Soft hammer (rubber, plastic, or wooden mallet)
What sizes of large sockets are necessary for working on suspension forks?
- 22mm
- 24mm
- 26mm
- 28mm
What is the purpose of torque wrenches in bike maintenance?
To check proper bolt tightness and prevent damage
What types of drive bits are recommended for bike maintenance?
- Torx
- Metric hex square-drive bits
- ¼-inch hex drive bits in various types
What is the Park IR-1 or IR-1.2 internal wire routing kit used for?
To route shift and brake cables through the frame
What sizes of metric taps are included in the recommended set?
- 5mm x 0.8mm
- 6mm x 1mm
- 10mm x 1mm
What is the function of a truing stand?
For truing and building wheels
What are through-axle adapters used for?
To hold a through-axle wheel securely while truing
What is the purpose of a dishing tool?
To check that a wheel is properly centered
What tools are necessary for spoke maintenance?
- Spoke wrenches of all sizes
- Specialty spoke wrench for splined or oversized nipples
What does a rotor truing gauge do?
Checks rotor alignment
What is the function of rotor-alignment forks?
For straightening out-of-true disc-brake rotors
What is needed for bleeding hydraulic brakes?
A bleed kit
What is the purpose of a brake bleed block?
To keep pistons pushed back while bleeding disc brakes
It can be substituted with plastic grooved blocks for clamping hydraulic hose.
What tool is used for adjusting Mavic hubs?
Pin spanner
What is a telescoping or articulating magnet used for?
To pick up dropped parts or small tools
What is a chain keeper used for?
Attaches to dropout to run chain over for cleaning drivetrain with wheel off
What is the function of a Vise Whip or chain whip?
For disassembling old-style 6- and 7-speed cogsets or freewheels
What types of freewheel removers are mentioned?
For Shimano, Sachs, and Sun-Tour freewheels
What two qualities are emphasized for successful bike repair?
Patience and willingness to work and rework jobs
What spare parts should you have on hand for bike repairs?
- Several sizes of ball bearings
- Zip-ties
- Spare cables
- Cable housing
- Cable-end caps
- Spare tires
- Tubes
- Chains
- Master links
- Cogsets
What items are necessary if working on suspension forks, rear shocks, and hydraulic brakes?
Spare hoses, seals, and fittings
What is carbon-grip compound used for?
For clamping carbon seat-posts and handlebars
List some various fluids required for certain bike jobs.
- Hydraulic brake fluids
- Hydraulic suspension oils and greases
- Threadlock fluid
- Titanium antiseize compound
- Outboard-motor gear oil
- Specialty freehub lubricants
What type of bike stand is recommended for serious bike mechanics?
Euro-style race team mechanic’s bike stand
What does the Euro-style mechanic’s bike stand support?
The bottom bracket and clamps either the fork ends or the rear dropouts without the wheel on
What is the purpose of an antitwist tool?
Preventing twisting bladed (aero) spokes during truing
What does a spoke tension gauge check for?
Proper spoke tension
What is the function of a hydraulic brake-hose cutter?
Getting an optimal square cut and reducing the likelihood of fluid leaks
What is a heavy-duty shop-grade headset press used for?
Pressing in headsets and bottom brackets into threadless bottom-bracket shells
True or False: A slotted spoke holder is used to prevent flat spokes from rotating during wheel truing.
True
What tool is used to remove headset fork-crown races without damaging the fork crown?
Park universal fork-crown race remover
Fill in the blank: A _______ is used for cutting handlebars off straight without a hacksaw.
Tubing cutter
What does a caliper with vernier, dial, or digital measurement measure?
Parts in order to optimize function
What is the purpose of a BB30 reamer?
Perfecting the fit of bearings in BB30 shell
What do splined bottom bracket sockets assist with?
Tightening cups with a torque wrench
What is the significance of using a crowfoot wrench at 90 degrees to the torque wrench handle?
It does not significantly change the torque setting
What is the purpose of dropout-alignment tools?
Aligning dropouts or fork ends
What does a cog-wear indicator gauge determine?
If cogs are worn out
What are feeler gauges used for?
Precisely adjusting postmount disc brakes
What is an air compressor with a quick-connect fitting used for?
Overhauling disc brakes and seating tubeless tires
What does a bent-shaft spoke nipple screwdriver achieve?
Faster spoke lacing when building wheels
What is the use of an electric drill with a drill bit set in bike maintenance?
Various drilling tasks
What tool delivers fast and accurate inflation?
Air compressor
Which calipers are used to upgrade Park TS-2 or 2.2 for 29-inch wheels?
Large wheel truing-stand calipers (Park #238K)
What is the purpose of truing-stand extensions with integrated through-axle adapters?
Upgrade Park TS-2 or 2.2 for truing super-tall wheels or fat-bike wheels
What does a dial indicator attach to for rotor alignment checks?
Rotor-truing gauge
What tool is used to monitor chain length over time?
Digital chain-elongation gauge
What does Pedro’s Chain Checker Plus isolate?
Pin wear to ensure measurement of chain elongation
What is the purpose of a bearing-press kit?
Installing cartridge bearings in hubs, rear-suspension pivots, and bottom brackets
What does a bearing-extractor kit do?
Removes bearings from blind holes
What is a wiper-seal driver used for?
Installing wiper seals atop suspension-fork lower legs
What tool is used for freeing the damper shaft from the lower fork leg?
Fox damper-removal tool
What does a DU-bushing tool do?
Removes and installs bushings in rear-shock eyelets
What are fixed-torque drivers preset for?
4 N-m, 5 N-m, or 6 N-m
True or False: Fixed-torque drivers ratchet freely when their torque setting is reached.
True
What is the purpose of the Shimano TL-EW02 tool?
For plugging in and unplugging Di2 electronic-shift wires
Di2 refers to Shimano’s electronic shifting system.
What is the function of the Shimano TL-FDM905 tool?
To replace the front-derailleur cage
The front-derailleur cage can be purchased as a separate part.
What do the Shimano TL-FC35 and TL-FC17 tools help with?
Crank removal and bearing preload adjustment for XTR FC-M970 crank
These tools are specialized for specific Shimano crank models.
What are easy outs used for?
Removing broken screws and rear shock spacers
Easy outs are also known as spiral-flute screw extractors.
What is a recommended practice for setting up your home shop?
Keep the area clean and well organized
A clean shop enhances the enjoyment of working on bikes.
What are effective ways to organize tools in a home shop?
Hanging tools on a pegboard, placing them in bins or trays
Organization helps in quickly finding tools, making work easier.
What items should you carry while riding?
Chain tool, small screwdriver, compact hex key set, Torx 725 wrench, open-end wrenches, multitool, tire pump, patch kit, tire levers, shock pump, plastic pad spacers, spare tube, spare derailleur hanger, spare chain links, identification, cell phone, cash
These items ensure you’re prepared for various mechanical issues on the trail.
Fill in the blank: A good multitool can replace some or all of the preceding items but with less _______.
weight and bulk.
What should you check about your patch kit?
Make sure the glue has not dried up
It is recommended to check at least every year and a half.
Why should you carry plastic pad spacers if your bike has hydraulic disc brakes?
To prevent the pistons from coming out too far if the brake lever is squeezed
This is important if the bike needs to be transported with the wheels off.
What should you ensure about your spare tube?
The valve matches your bike and pump
Keeping the tube in a plastic bag helps prevent deterioration.
True or False: You should carry a spare derailleur hanger that fits your frame in case of a crash.
True.
What should you carry for cash while riding?
For obvious reasons, and as a temporary patch for sidewall cuts in tires.
What is a useful item to keep your hands clean during biking?
Wet wipes or latex gloves
These items help maintain hygiene while on the road.
What should you carry for long or multiday biking trips?
Proper amounts of food, water, and extra clothes
These are essential for sustaining energy and comfort during extended trips.
What tool is sized to your bike’s spoke nipples?
Spoke wrench
A necessary tool for wheel maintenance.
What innovative spare part can be used for emergency repairs on a long ride?
Folding spoke made from Kevlar
This lightweight spoke is designed for durability and convenience.
What is another essential spare part to carry on long trips?
Another spare tube
Having an extra tube can save time and hassle in case of a flat tire.
What is a sealant-filled quick aerosol inflator used for?
To rehabilitate a tube or tubeless tire with a slow leak
This tool allows for quick repairs without needing to replace the tube immediately.
What type of lubricant is recommended for bike chains?
Small plastic bottle of chain lube
Regular lubrication helps maintain the bike’s performance.
What is the purpose of carrying a small tube of grease?
To lubricate various bike components
Grease is essential for maintaining parts that experience friction.
What tool is useful for pedal maintenance?
Compact 15mm pedal wrench
This tool is necessary unless the pedals don’t have wrench flats.
What can pliers be used for during bike repairs?
Numerous purposes
Pliers are versatile tools for gripping and manipulating various parts.
What can wire and/or a small bungee cord be used for?
All kinds of things
These items provide flexibility for securing gear or making temporary fixes.
What is duct tape often compared to?
The Force
It has both a light side and a dark side, symbolizing its versatility and strength.
Why should you carry more money or its plastic equivalent on a biking trip?
It can get you out of lots of scrapes
Having cash or cards allows for purchases in emergencies.
What is the purpose of carrying matches on a long biking trip?
In case you might be stranded overnight
Matches can be used for warmth or cooking food.
What type of blanket is recommended for emergencies?
Lightweight, aluminized, folding emergency blanket
This blanket provides insulation and can be compactly stored.
What type of gear should be included for rain protection?
Rain gear
Proper rain gear keeps you dry and comfortable during inclement weather.
What is a satellite communicator used for?
Sends and receives texts and emails, sends SOS signals, receives weather forecasts, and allows tracking
Devices like the Garmin InReach enhance safety in remote areas.
What is the recommended type of headlight for biking?
Lightweight unit that clips onto the handlebar or a headlamp
An extra battery for the headlight is advisable for longer rides.
What is a small flashlight useful for during biking?
To help find things in the dark if your headlight dies
A compact LED flashlight is practical for emergencies.
What is essential to take along for a bike-centered vacation?
Level 1 Tool Kit, headset wrenches, duct tape, and sandpaper
These items prepare you for various bike maintenance needs.
Why is it essential to check your bike before riding?
To ensure safety and avoid delays due to parts failure
Regular checks can also prevent injury risks associated with riding a poorly maintained bike.
What basic maintenance skills should a cyclist have?
Ability to take the wheels off and put them back on
This skill is crucial for transporting the bike and dealing with issues like flat tires.
What is the most important aspect of bike maintenance mentioned?
Keeping the chain and a few other parts clean
Clean components enhance the enjoyment of each ride.
What are the three cleaning and maintenance procedures mentioned?
- Preride inspection
- Mechanical work
- Basic cleaning
These procedures are fundamental for smooth bike operation.
What tools are needed for the maintenance work in this chapter?
No special tools beyond level 1
Basic tools are sufficient for performing the maintenance tasks.
What should you check regarding quick-release levers or axle nuts?
Ensure they are tight
They secure the front and rear hub axles to the dropouts.
How can you check the brake pads for wear?
For disc brakes, look into the caliper slot; for rim brakes, check the molded-in grooves
The pad material should be at least the thickness of a dime.
What should you verify about the brake mounts?
Ensure they are securely mounted and all bolts are tight
This applies to both disc and rim brakes.
What should happen when you squeeze the brake levers with rim brakes?
Pads should bring flat against the rims without hitting the tires
For disc brakes, pads should contact the rotor.
True or False: Performing a preride inspection can help avoid parts failure.
True
Regular inspections are crucial for maintaining bike safety.
Fill in the blank: Keeping the _______ clean will enhance enjoyment of each ride.
chain
Regular cleaning of key components is important for bike maintenance.
What should you check for when spinning the wheels?
Look for wobbles along the rims and ensure rims do not rub on brake pads
If a tire wobbles excessively, it may not be fully seated in the rim.
What is the proper tire pressure range for most mountain bike tires?
Between 30 and 60 pounds per square inch (psi)
Tubeless tires can run well below 30 psi.
What is the recommended tire pressure for fat-bike tires?
5-8 psi, with pressures as low as 2 psi for riding in snow
What should you check for on the tires?
Excessive wear, cracking, or gashes
How often should the chain be replaced on a mountain bike?
About every 500 to 1,000 miles of off-road riding or every 2,000 miles of paved riding
What should you ensure about the handlebar and stem?
They are tight and the stem is aligned with the front tire
What indicates smooth gear shifting?
The chain should not skip or shift by itself and each click of the shifter moves the chain over one sprocket
What should you check the chain for?
Rust, dirt, stiff links, or noticeable signs of wear
What should you do when applying the front brake and pushing the bike?
Check that the headset is tight and does not make clunking noises
What is required for transporting a mountain bike easily?
Removing the front wheel
What are the mechanisms used to remove the front wheel?
Hub quick-release skewer, through-axle mechanism, bolt-on skewer, axle nuts
What is a crucial step when dealing with hydraulic disc brakes?
Do not squeeze the lever when there is neither a disc nor a travel spacer between the pads
What do travel spacers do in hydraulic disc brakes?
Keep the brake pistons from traveling too far
How do most rim brakes allow the tire to pass?
They have a mechanism to release the brake arms
Fill in the blank: The chain should be clean and _______.
lubricated
True or False: The chain should be replaced more frequently on paved riding than off-road riding.
False
What are V-brakes also known as?
Sidepull cantilevers
V-brakes are a type of rim brake commonly used on bicycles.
How are V-brakes released?
By pulling the end of the curved cable-guide tube (noodle) out of the horizontal link atop one of the brake arms while holding the link or squeezing the pads against the rim
This action allows the brake to disengage from the rim.
What is the method for releasing most cantilever brakes?
By pulling the enlarged head of the straddle cable out of a notch in the top of the brake arm while holding the pads against the rim
Cantilever brakes are another type of rim brake.
How are roller-cam brakes released?
By pulling the cam down and out from between the two rollers while holding the pads against the rim
Roller-cam brakes are a specific type of rim brake.
What is the release method for many linkage brakes?
Released in the same way as V-brakes or cantilever brakes
Linkage brakes utilize a similar mechanism for disengagement.
What is required to release hydraulic rim brakes?
Detaching the U-shaped brake booster connecting the piston cylinders together, followed by unscrewing or quick-releasing one wheel cylinder
This process is distinct due to the hydraulic system involved.
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with a quick-release skewer?
Pull outward on the quick-release lever to open it
This step is essential for loosening the skewer.
What should be done after opening the quick-release lever?
Unscrew the nut on the opposite end of the skewer’s shaft until both the nut and the head of the skewer clear the fork’s wheel-retention tabs
This ensures the wheel can be safely removed.
What do most mountain bike forks have to retain the wheel?
A wheel-retention system consisting of nubs or bent tabs on the fork ends (dropouts) or an axle washer with a bent tooth hooked into a hole in the dropout
These features prevent the wheel from falling out if the quick-release loosens.
What is the method for removing a wheel with a non-quick-release bolt-on skewer?
Unscrew the skewer with a 5mm hex key until the head and the nut clear the wheel-retention tabs on the dropouts
This method differs from the quick-release system.
What are through-axles?
Extra-long hub axles that fit directly through the hub-cartridge bearings and screw or clamp directly into the dropouts
What is the diameter of front through-axles?
Generally 15mm or 20mm
What advantages do through-axles provide over quick-release skewers?
Stiffen the fork against lateral and twisting flex and offer a higher degree of safety against the wheel falling out
How do closed ends of fork dropouts contribute to safety?
They prevent the braking force applied to the hub rotor from pushing the axle out of the dropouts
What improvements does a fork with a through-axle offer?
Improved tracking and steering as well as smoother up-and-down action
What is a necessity for an ‘upside-down’ fork?
A through-axle
Why is a brace not possible with an upside-down fork?
The wheel moves up and down with the inner legs, making it impossible to have a brace between the lower legs
What are the common traits of through-axle systems?
The axle is part of the fork, not the wheel, and all 15mm through-axle hubs have the same inside diameter of bearings
What is the general shape of traditional through-axles?
Resemble a long bolt that clamps into the fork’s dropouts
What are the typical features of the ends of traditional through-axles?
Usually round, but may also be hex-shaped
How do clamp-in through-axles typically secure themselves?
They have a bolt system on the opposite end from the head to draw the ends toward each other
What is the function of pinch bolts in traditional through-axles?
Tighten the dropouts around the ends of the axle once it is fully installed
What is a quick-release through-axle?
A through-axle with a lever on the end to release it
How does the lever on a quick-release through-axle function?
It can be used to screw the axle out of or into the opposite dropout
What does flipping the lever closed on a quick-release through-axle do?
Either expands the axle inside its through-hole to secure it or squeezes the dropouts against the hub-axle ends
True or False: A quick-release through-axle can be as quick to use as a quick-release skewer.
True
Fill in the blank: A through-axle is all that ties the lower legs of an _______ fork together.
[upside-down]
What is the first step to remove a quick-release through-axle on all forks except Manitou?
Flip open the lever fully
Ensure the lever engages the cutout to unscrew the axle properly.
How do you remove a Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axle?
Flip open the lever fully and rotate it counterclockwise 90 degrees
This action causes the lever to pop out slightly, allowing you to pull the axle straight out.
What is the process to remove a traditional draw-bolt through-axle?
Loosen the clamp bolts or levers, unscrew the draw bolt, and pull the axle out
Ensure to also loosen the pinch bolts to free the axle head.
What steps are needed to remove a threaded, clamp-in through-axle?
Loosen all clamp bolts on both dropouts and unscrew the entire axle
This allows you to pull the axle out completely.
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with axle nuts?
Unscrew the nuts on the axle ends using a 15mm wrench
Remember the unscrewing direction: counterclockwise for loosening.
What must you do after loosening the axle nuts enough to clear the retention tabs?
Pull the wheel out
Ensure the wheel-retention system is disengaged.
What is the first action to take when detaching a wheel on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
Remove the disc brake caliper using a 5mm hex key or Torx T25 wrench
You only need to loosen the bolts, not remove them completely.
What tool is required to unscrew the axle bolt on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
A 5mm or 6mm hex key
This is essential for the axle bolt removal process.
What is the first step to remove a quick-release through-axle on all forks except Manitou?
Flip open the lever fully
Ensure the lever engages the cutout to unscrew the axle properly.
How do you remove a Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axle?
Flip open the lever fully and rotate it counterclockwise 90 degrees
This action causes the lever to pop out slightly, allowing you to pull the axle straight out.
What is the process to remove a traditional draw-bolt through-axle?
Loosen the clamp bolts or levers, unscrew the draw bolt, and pull the axle out
Ensure to also loosen the pinch bolts to free the axle head.
What steps are needed to remove a threaded, clamp-in through-axle?
Loosen all clamp bolts on both dropouts and unscrew the entire axle
This allows you to pull the axle out completely.
What is the first step in detaching a wheel with axle nuts?
Unscrew the nuts on the axle ends using a 15mm wrench
Remember the unscrewing direction: counterclockwise for loosening.
What must you do after loosening the axle nuts enough to clear the retention tabs?
Pull the wheel out
Ensure the wheel-retention system is disengaged.
What is the first action to take when detaching a wheel on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
Remove the disc brake caliper using a 5mm hex key or Torx T25 wrench
You only need to loosen the bolts, not remove them completely.
What tool is required to unscrew the axle bolt on a Cannondale Lefty fork?
A 5mm or 6mm hex key
This is essential for the axle bolt removal process.
What is the first step in installing the front wheel with a disc brake?
Lower the dropouts down onto the hub ends so that the slot in the brake caliper slides down over the rotor
Ensure that the rotor does not dislodge either pad.
What should you do with the brake when installing the front wheel with rim brakes?
Leave the brake open and lower the fork onto the wheel
This allows the bike’s weight to push the dropouts down onto the hub axle.
What is the purpose of ensuring that the axle ends are fully seated in the dropouts?
To properly secure the wheel and center the rim in the fork
Some older through-axle forks may not have lips to assist with centering.
How should the quick-release skewer be treated?
It should not be treated as a glorified wing nut
Proper handling is essential for effective wheel installation.
What are the steps to tighten a quick-release skewer?
- Hold the lever open
- Finger-tighten the opposite-end nut
- Push the lever to closed position
- Adjust if needed
- Double-check tightness
The lever should leave an imprint on your palm when closed correctly.
What should the quick-release lever’s position be after tightening?
Pointing straight up or toward the back of the bike
This prevents accidental opening and hooking on obstacles.
What is the first step in tightening a through-axle?
Slide the wheel into the fork, aligning the rotor between the pads of the disc-brake caliper
Ensure that the dropouts support the hub ends.
What should you do if the dropouts do not have inboard lips?
Carefully hold the bike up while lining up the hub and dropouts
This ensures proper installation of the axle.
How should the QR15 axle be tightened?
Tighten the axle into the opposite fork leg using the quick-release lever as a handle
Flip the lever open fully and twist until it engages the cutout.
What indicates that the QR15 axle is properly adjusted?
The lever should leave a momentary imprint in your palm and be pointed up, parallel to the fork leg
Both conditions must be met for proper tension.
What should you do if proper tension and lever position do not occur simultaneously?
Adjust the thread by removing the fixing screw and triangular washer
Unscrew the axle a few turns to adjust the thread for proper tension.
What should you do to the QR lever for optimal tension?
Loosen or tighten the adjustment of the QR lever as needed
Ensure it is in the straight-up position.
What is the orientation of the Manitou QR15 HexLock through-axle during installation?
The laser-etched instructions along its length face up, toward the handlebar
This ensures proper alignment during installation.
How do you secure the Manitou QR15 HexLock through-axle?
Rotate the lever 90 degrees and flip it to the closed position
This secures the wheel in the dropouts.
What should you do if the lever does not provide enough resistance to close?
Flip the lever open, unscrew the adjustment ring counterclockwise, then flip it back up
This adjusts the tension for a secure fit.
What is the method for tightening a screw-in through-axle?
Tighten with a hex key or Torx key
If pinch bolts are present, tighten them first.
How should you tighten the draw bolt on traditional through-axles?
Tighten the draw bolt from outside the dropout into the thin end of the axle
Ensure any clamping bolts on the head end are snug to prevent spinning.
What is the purpose of a through-axle adapter like the Hurricane Components Fork Up?
It allows the use of a through-axle fork with rack clamps
It facilitates secure mounting for transport.
What is the recommended tightening torque for steel bolt-on skewers?
65 inch-pounds (in-lbs)
For titanium versions, it is 85 in-lbs.
What is the method for tightening axle nuts on mass-merchant bikes?
Snug up the nuts clockwise with a wrench, alternating sides
This ensures even tightening.
Do you need to tighten disc brakes after installing the wheel?
No, because they were not loosened to remove the wheel
You are ready to ride immediately.
What is the first step in closing rim brakes after installing the wheel?
Hook up the brake cable
This involves specific actions depending on brake type.
How do you check if the brakes are functioning properly after reinstallation?
Squeeze the lever and ensure the cable doesn’t slip, then spin the wheel while applying brakes
This checks for pad dragging and proper alignment.
What should you do if the brake pads are rubbing the rim?
Adjust spring tension in the arms or hold the rim centered when securing the hub
This may require further adjustments if misalignment persists.
What is the first step in removing the rear wheel?
Shift the chain onto the smallest rear cog
This helps in releasing tension from the chain.
What is required when using a clutch rear derailleur before removing the rear wheel?
Free or lock the jockey-wheel cage
This allows for easier chain management.
What is the first step in engaging the lock on a SRAM rear derailleur with a clutch?
Press the button on the clutch jockey-wheel cage
How do you free the lower knuckle before removing the rear wheel?
Switch the lever to the off position (forward)
What should you do with the chain before pushing the wheel out of the rear dropouts?
Move the chain out of the way by pulling back the rear derailleur
What position should the rear derailleur be in when installing the rear wheel?
High gear, under the smallest cog
When using a clutch rear derailleur, what should be checked before installing the rear wheel?
Check the cage lock or lever switch
Fill in the blank: Slip the wheel in between the _______ and _______
seatstays and chainstays
What should you do to guide the disc-brake rotor when setting the bike down?
Guide the rotor up between the pads in the caliper
What is important to check after securing the axle in the dropouts?
Check that the axle or hub ends are fully seated in the dropouts
What should be done after securing the axle of the rear wheel?
Release the rear-derailleur cage lock, if applicable
What is the recommended method for cleaning a bicycle?
Use soap, water, sponges, and brushes
True or False: High-pressure sprayers are safe to use on bicycles.
False
What should you avoid when using a pressure washer on a bike?
Pointing it at the bike from the side
What is the first step in scrubbing the bike?
Remove the wheels
What can be used to secure the chain while cleaning the bike?
A chain hanger or a dowel stick
What type of brush is recommended for tough dirt on a bike?
A stiff nylon-bristle brush
Fill in the blank: Avoid getting water in the _______ of the bottom bracket.
bearings
What should be used to rinse the bike after scrubbing?
Hose it off or wipe it with a wet rag
What type of cleaners can be used to remove grime stuck to the frame?
ProGold Bike Wash, Pedro’s Green Fizz, or equivalent cleaners
What should you avoid doing with the vent holes during bike washing?
Avoid getting water in these holes
Taping over the vent holes before washing is recommended.
What does the drivetrain consist of?
An oil-covered chain running over the gears and derailleurs
Why is it important to keep the drivetrain clean and lubricated?
It transfers energy into the bike’s forward motion and should move freely
What are the steps to clean the drivetrain?
- Wipe the chain
- Wipe the jockey wheels
- Floss the cogs
- Wipe down the derailleurs and front chainrings
What is a good habit to develop for maintaining the drivetrain?
Clean it before or after almost every ride
How can you remove mud from derailleurs and cogs?
Use soapy water and a scrub brush
What should be avoided when using a brush on the drivetrain?
Using the same brush for cleaning the frame
What is the ideal frequency for wiping off and lubricating the chain?
Before or after every ride
What is recommended to minimize the need for solvent cleaning?
Frequent wiping and lubrication of the chain
What precautions should be taken when using solvents?
Work in a well-ventilated area and use as little solvent as possible
Which type of solvent is suggested for minimizing health risks?
Citrus solvents
What type of brush is suggested for cleaning cogs and pulleys?
A nylon brush or an old toothbrush
What should you do if you need to remove the chain for cleaning?
Use a master link if available
What is a self-contained chain cleaner used for?
To quickly and conveniently clean a chain without risk of breakage
What should you do to clean the chain in a solvent bath?
- Remove the chain
- Put it in a bottle with solvent
- Shake the bottle
- Hang to dry
How should you lube the chain after cleaning?
Drip chain lubricant into each of the chain’s links and rollers
True or False: Cleaning the drivetrain regularly can extend its life.
True
Fill in the blank: The drivetrain picks up lots of dirt because it is _______.
totally exposed to the elements
What is the purpose of dripping chain lube along the top edges of the chain?
To get it between the plates at each rivet.
What should you do with the solvent after cleaning the chain?
Allow it to settle in a clear container, decant and save the clear stuff, and dispose of the sludge.
What is recommended to avoid frequent cleaning of the drivetrain?
Wipe the jockey wheels, chainrings, front derailleur, and chain after every ride or two.
How can you quickly clean the drivetrain after a ride?
Keep dish gloves and a rag near where you store your bike.
What are the benefits of keeping a clean bike?
Minimized corrosion problems and the ability to see other problems as they arise.
What must be done to all threaded parts before tightening?
Prepped with lubricant, threadlock compound, or an antiseize compound.
What should be done with excess thread-prepping compound?
Clean off excess to minimize dirt attraction.
What type of threads should be locked?
Threads that need to stay in place but are not supposed to be tightened down fully.
What is an example of a locked thread?
Derailleur limit screws.
What should be used on threads that tend to bind up and gall?
Antiseize compound.
What is a critical note regarding tightening titanium bolts into titanium parts?
Never tighten a titanium bolt into a titanium part to avoid galling.
What must wrenches do before tightening or loosening?
Be fully engaged.
What happens if hex keys or Torx wrenches are not fully inserted?
The wrench and/or the bolt hole will round off.
What can happen if open-end, box-end, and socket wrenches are not properly seated?
The bolt head will round off.
What is necessary for splined wrenches to prevent damage?
Must be fully engaged.
What should pin spanners be fully seated in?
The pinholes in the part being turned.
Where can a full list of specific tightening torques be found?
In Appendix D.
What does the designation ‘M’ in front of a bolt size number indicate?
Millimeters and refers to the bolt shaft.
What is the typical wrench size for an M5 bolt?
Usually takes a 4mm hex key.
What are the four levels of tightness generally classified as?
- Loose 2. Snug 3. Tight 4. Very tight.
What is the torque range for snug small setscrews?
10-30 in-Ibs or 1-3 N-m
Examples include Grip Shift mounting screws and screws going into plastic parts.
What is the torque range for firmly tightened small bolts?
30-80 in-Ibs or 3-9 N-m
Examples include shoe-cleat bolts and small stem bolts.
What is the torque range for tight components?
80-240 in-Ibs or 9-27 N-m
Examples include wheel axles and seatpost binder bolts.
What is the torque range for really tight parts?
280-600 in-Ibs or 31-68 N-m
Examples include crankarm bolts and cassette lockring bolts.
True or False: Lubricating parts alone ensures they will work properly.
False
Lubricants can attract dirt and cause parts to become gunky.
What should you do after dripping oil on a moving part?
Wipe the area to remove excess oil, and then wipe it again after you ride
This prevents dirt from sticking to excess oil.
Why is a periodic maintenance schedule based on the number of rides rather than mileage?
Because conditions like dirt and wetness impact the bike’s need for maintenance more than mileage
Especially relevant for mountain bikes.
Name two factors that influence a bike’s maintenance frequency.
- Trail conditions
- Duration of rides
What should you check before every ride? (List at least three items)
- Brake lever functionality
- Quick-release hub skewers tightness
- Tire condition
What is one task to perform after every ride?
Wipe the suspension shafts and lubricate the chain
This helps maintain performance and cleanliness.
What is the recommended action if tire tread wear is excessive?
Replace the tire
Inspect the rim strip after removing the tire.
What should you do every 5-10 rides regarding the chain?
Check chain wear with a chain-elongation gauge and replace if necessary
This helps ensure optimal performance.
Fill in the blank: Always test-ride the bike after _______.
[adjusting it in the bike stand]
What is a sign that a bike’s suspension may need maintenance?
Slop in dropper post activation or sticking in fork and rear shock
Smooth movement is essential for performance.
What should you do if you notice performance issues after a ride?
Take notes about the issues while they’re fresh in your mind
This aids in addressing problems effectively.
What is a common maintenance task for mechanical disc brakes?
Lubricate lever pivots and arm pivot on mechanical disc-brake calipers
Avoid getting oil on the rotor or pads.
True or False: It’s acceptable to ignore maintenance if your bike is in good shape.
False
Regular maintenance is still necessary to prevent issues.
What should you check every 20-40 rides regarding your bike’s pump?
Check that the frame pump works or that CO2 cartridges and inflator are in good condition
What condition should you check for the spare inner tube every 20-40 rides?
Check the condition and presence of appropriate tools in the seat bag
What maintenance should be performed on derailleur pivots every 20-40 rides?
Drip chain lube on front and rear derailleur pivots
What should you do if the derailleur has cartridge-bearing jockey wheels?
Check for smooth action and regrease if needed after removing bearing covers
What maintenance should be performed on integrated-spindle bottom brackets?
Peel off bearing covers and add grease
How should hydraulic brake pistons be cleaned?
Clean the outside of the hydraulic disc pistons using the correct brake fluid
What should you check regarding brake movement every 20-40 rides?
Check disc-brake operation for smooth return of brake pads and rim brakes for free rotation
What should you check about the rotor and rim brake track wear?
Check rotor trueness and condition or rim brake-track wear
What should you check regarding wheel trueness?
Check wheel trueness and correct as needed
What should be checked on rims for safety?
Check rims for cracks, particularly at the spoke holes
What maintenance is required for front and rear shocks?
Service front and rear shocks; perform rear shock air-sleeve service and replace fork fluid
What should you do to pedal bearings every 20-40 rides?
Overhaul pedal bearings by pulling out the axles and regreasing
What should be done to shift and brake cables every 20-40 rides?
Lubricate shift and brake cables
What should you check regarding shoe cleats?
Check shoe cleats for wear and replace if needed
What maintenance should occur every 80-150 rides for the fork and rear shock?
Send fork and rear shock to rebuild facility for damper service
What bearings should be overhauled every 80-150 rides?
Overhaul bearings in hubs, pedals, bottom brackets, and headsets
What should you do with cantilever and V-brakes every 80-150 rides?
Pull them off their pivot bosses, regrease, and reassemble
When should hydraulic brakes be bled?
More often if brake performance drops or lever pumps up
What should be replaced every 3-6 years on a bike?
Handlebar, stem, fork, rear shock, seatpost, and saddle
What is a key strategy to prevent mechanical emergencies on the trail?
Proper planning involves bringing along tools, spare tubes, and knowledge
What should the take-along tool kit for rides include?
Tools as described in section 1-6 for hydration pack or seat bag
What is one of the handiest items to take along on a ride?
A chain tool
What is the first line of defense to avoid flat tires?
Always have good tires on your bike
What should you check regularly on your tires?
Wear, cracking, and tread cuts
What can greatly reduce the potential for flat tires?
Using tire sealant inside tubes and installing tubeless tires
Fill in the blank: A _______ is very good to have with you to repair a chain.
master link
What are modern sealants generally made of?
Thin, liquid latex solutions
These sealants coagulate at a puncture.
How can sealant be injected into a tire?
Through the valve after removing the valve core
Sealants can be injected into existing tubes or mounted tubeless tires.
What should you do if a tire with sealant gets low due to a small hole?
Put more air in and spin the wheel or ride for a couple of miles
This helps the sealant flow to the hole.
What happens if there is a large hole in the tire?
A large hole will not be filled, but big holes can be plugged enough to get home
Locate where the sealant is squirting out to assist in plugging.
What should be done if the puncture is on the rim side?
The sealant will not flow to it
This includes punctures from snakebite or protruding spokes.
What are the disadvantages of using stiff plastic tire liners?
They decrease traction and cornering ability, and can slip sideways
They may also cut or abrade the tube.
What is an alternative to stiff plastic tire liners?
Lighter, less stiff tire liners made of tightly woven Kevlar
SpinSkins is one brand of these liners.
What is the easiest way to fix a flat tire on a ride?
Injecting sealant and compressed gas together or installing a spare tube
This applies to both standard inner tubes and tubeless tires.
What should you check on your spare tube before leaving home?
Make sure it holds air and that you can loosen the valve nut by hand
This is especially important for Presta valves.
What should be removed from the tire before installing a new tube?
All thorns or glass and any other sharp objects
This prevents causing a new flat when reinflating.
What is a pinch flat?
A flat caused by the tire hitting a hard edge with insufficient air pressure
It typically results in two adjacent holes on the tube.
What role does the rim strip play?
It covers the spoke holes to prevent punctures to the underside of the tube
Inadequate rim strips can lead to flats.
What can be used as a temporary patch if you run out of spare tubes?
Insulating tape
It can be carried on the bike for emergencies.
What is a quick fix if you have no spare tubes or patches?
Tie a knot in the inner tube
This allows you to ride home as long as there’s only one puncture.
What should you do if the hole is at the valve?
You cannot tie off the tube
Multiple holes or a broken valve complicate the situation.
How can you minimize damage when riding on a flat tire?
Fill the space in the tire with grass, leaves, or similar materials
This helps prevent the tire from rolling out during turns.
What should you do if a tire’s sidewall is torn?
Look for something to reinforce the sidewall
Dollar bills can serve as temporary tire boots.
What type of materials can be used to reinforce a tire’s sidewall?
Dollar bills, business cards, energy bar wrappers, duct tape
Any tough material can help hold the tire for the rest of the ride.
What is a temporary fix for a torn tire casing?
Wrap it around the tube at the spot and place several layers between the tire and tube to support the tube
If only one bill is available, fold it in half.
What should you do after placing a temporary fix on a torn tire casing?
Put a little air in the tube to hold the makeshift reinforcement in place.
How should you inflate the tube after a temporary fix for a torn tire casing?
Inflate the tube to about 40 psi.
What can happen if the tube is inflated to much lower than 40 psi after a temporary fix?
The boot may move around and may lead to a pinch flat.
What is the first step to free a jammed chain?
Insert a screwdriver or similar thin lever between the chainring and the chainstay to pry the space open.
What should you do if you cannot free a jammed chain?
Disassemble the chain using a chain tool, pull it out, and reassemble it.
What tool is recommended for disassembling and reassembling a chain with nine or more cogs?
A master link.
What can cause a chain to twist?
Continuing to pedal a split second too long after the chain starts to jam.
How can you identify a twisted chain link?
The chain will run with the sides of the links vertical, and some links will lean off to the side.
What tools can be used to untwist a twisted chain link?
Two pairs of pliers, two adjustable wrenches, or one of each.
What is the first step to untwist a chain link without tools?
Shift to the smallest rear cog and flip the chain off the innermost chainring.
What happens when a chain breaks while mountain biking?
The end link is certainly damaged, and some others in the area may be as well.
What should you do to repair a broken chain?
Remove the damaged links with a chain tool.
What can be installed if only the outer chain plates of a single link are damaged?
A master link.
What should be noted when installing a Wippermann master link?
Proper orientation.
What should you do if you need to replace damaged chain links?
Replace the same number of links you removed
If extra links are not available, use the chain in a shortened state.
What can happen if you shift into the big chainring-biggest cog combination with a shortened chain?
You can rip up the rear derailleur
This occurs if the chain is not long enough to encompass the span with slack.
What is a recommended practice before performing repairs on the trail?
Try out the chain tool at home or at your local bike shop
This helps you understand how to use it before needing it on the trail.
What can cause pedaling to become difficult if the rim is bent?
A loose or broken spoke, or a badly bent or broken rim
This can lead to the rim banging against the brake pads or the frame.
What is the first step in tightening loose spokes?
Find the loose spoke(s) by feeling all of them
The loose ones will be obvious due to the wobble they cause.
What should you do if you find a broken spoke?
Skip to the next section on fixing and replacing broken spokes
If no loose or broken spokes are found, skip ahead to the relevant section.
How can you mark loose spokes to keep track of them?
Use blades of grass, sandwich bag twist-ties, tape, or similar items
This helps you identify which spokes caused the problem as you true the wheel.
What should you do if you break a spoke and cannot remove it from the hub?
Wrap it around a neighboring spoke to prevent it from flapping
This is necessary if the broken spoke is on the drive side of the rear wheel.
What is the procedure for replacing a broken spoke?
Put the new spoke through the hub hole, weave it through the other spokes, and thread it into the spoke nipple
If using a Kevlar replacement spoke, follow specific attachment instructions.
What should you do if you don’t have a spare spoke but have a spoke wrench?
Loosen the spokes on either side of the broken one to bring the wheel into rideable trueness
This allows the rim to move toward the side with the broken spoke.
What should you do if the rim is hitting the brake pads but not the frame?
Open the brake to get home
If you have disc brakes, you only need to ride back carefully.
What is the first step to loosen the brake cable?
Screw in (clockwise) the barrel adjuster on the brake lever
This decreases the tension on the brake cable.
What should you do if the rim is still banging the brake pads after loosening the cable?
Loosen the brake cable at the clamp on the brake
Alternatively, un-hook the cable like when removing the wheel.
What should you do if the bent wheel won’t turn after loosening the brake?
Remove both brake arms from the cantilever posts
Do not ride with brakes still attached but disconnected from the cable.
What can happen if you bend the rim by smacking it on the ground?
You will permanently deform the rim
This is a consequence of using improper methods to correct for loose or broken spokes.
What is the purpose of the adjusting barrel in bike maintenance?
To adjust the tension of the brake or derailleur cables
The adjusting barrel allows for fine-tuning of cable tension for optimal performance.
How can you fix a bent rim if it is only mildly out of true?
Use a spoke wrench to true the wheel
Truing the wheel involves adjusting the tension of the spokes to make the rim straight.
What should you do if the wheel is bent beyond spoke truing?
Beat it straight while leaving the tire on and inflated
This method involves striking the bent section against a flat surface to realign it.
What is the first step to straighten a bent brake rotor?
Try to straighten it with your hands while leaving it attached to the wheel
This allows for temporary repairs to ride back safely.
What tools might you need to remove a caliper or rotor for a ride back?
5mm hex key for caliper, Torx T25 wrench or cassette remover for rotor
These tools are essential for detaching components to avoid further damage.
What should you do with hydraulic brake calipers after removal?
Wedge something between the brake pads to prevent piston push-out
Using a spacer helps avoid complications when reattaching the rotor.
How can you repair a mildly bent front derailleur?
Straighten it with your hands or reposition it and tighten
Ensure the derailleur cage is parallel to the chainrings for proper function.
What is the process to bypass a damaged derailleur?
Put the chain on a chainring that does not interfere with it
This allows for continued riding despite derailleur issues.
What should you do if the rear derailleur is bent?
Straighten it by hand if only slightly bent, or coast home if damaged more
If caught in spokes, the derailleur often bends significantly.
Fill in the blank: To open the front derailleur cage, remove the screw at its _______.
tail
This allows access to remove the chain from the derailleur.
True or False: You should hit the bent section of the rim too hard to ensure it straightens.
False
Hitting too hard can worsen the damage.
What is a common issue that occurs with rear derailleurs?
Getting caught in the spokes
This often leads to bending or breaking of the derailleur.
What should you do with the cable if you remove the derailleur?
Tie it up to prevent it from catching in the wheel
Keeping the cable secure is important for safe riding.
What is the function of the rear-derailleur hanger?
It hangs down from the dropout to which the derailleur attaches.
Why should you carry a spare derailleur hanger when riding a mountain bike?
To replace a broken or bent hanger, which is common in mountain biking.
Which types of bike frames typically do not have replaceable derailleur hangers?
Old steel and titanium frames.
What should you check after replacing a derailleur hanger?
Ensure that the derailleur jockey wheels line up vertically under the cogs.
What can happen if the derailleur jockey-wheel cage is bent inward?
It can shift poorly and may go into the spokes again.
What tools can be used to flex or bend the tab stop on the upper knuckle plate or cage?
Pliers, screwdriver, or small hammer.
True or False: If the rear derailleur is broken or bent beyond repair, you cannot pedal with the chain routed through it.
True.
What is the first step to bypass a damaged rear derailleur?
Open the chain and pull it out of the derailleur.
Fill in the blank: To pedal home effectively, the chain line must be _______.
tight and aligned straight.
What should you do if the bike has horizontal dropouts when connecting the chain?
Push the wheel forward in the dropouts to get a bit more slack.
What can be used to reattach a lost jockey wheel if a bolt is not available?
A bolt from the water-bottle cage.
What is a quick fix if you lose the upper jockey wheel on a derailleur with the same bolts top and bottom?
Put the lower wheel on top first.
What can be used to maintain tension if the rear derailleur’s lower knuckle spring is broken?
A bungee cord.
What is the implication of riding with a broken front-derailleur cable?
The chain will be on the inner chaining, allowing use of all rear cogs.
What can you do if the chain is on the inner ring and you need to ride home?
Leave it on the inner ring and ride home.
What is the purpose of tightening the inner derailleur limit screw when riding with a broken front-derailleur cable?
To adjust the derailleur to sit over the middle chainring.
What should you do if you want to bypass the front derailleur completely?
Remove the chain from the derailleur and put it on the big chaining.
What should you do if you have a broken rear-derailleur cable?
You have three options:
* Leave the chain on the cog it’s on and ride home.
* Move the chain to a larger cog and tighten the high-gear limit screw.
* Move the chain to a smaller cog and tighten the low-gear limit screw.
True or False: With a Shimano Low Normal rear derailleur, a broken cable will leave the chain on the smallest cog.
False
Fill in the blank: If you do not have a screwdriver, you can push inward on a standard rear derailleur while turning the rear wheel to shift to a _______.
larger cog
What should you do if you have a broken brake cable or a blown hydraulic brake hose?
Walk home or ride slowly and carefully home if the trail is not dangerous.
What is the best approach if you have a flat suspension fork?
Ride back slowly and keep your weight back.
How can you rig broken seat rails or a seatpost clamp?
Wrap gloves or clothing over the top of the seat-post or stick an inverted water bottle over the top.
What should you do if the seatpost shaft breaks?
Splint it internally with a stick, tape it up, and ride very carefully or ride home standing up.
What is the recommended action if you have a broken handlebar?
It’s best to walk home or splint the broken handlebar with a stick and duct tape.
What can be done to fix a broken linkage bolt on rear suspension?
Stick a hex key into the hole where the bolt was and tape it in place.
What should you do if the rear cogs will not freewheel?
Squirting chain lube into the freewheel mechanism or water if above freezing.
True or False: You can sometimes free a frozen freehub by using warm water.
False
What is a critical safety consideration when mountain biking in the backcountry?
Prepare properly and take personal responsibility for your own and others’ safety.
What incident highlights the risks of riding in the backcountry?
Two deaths near Moab, Utah, in the summer of 1995.
What happened to the two riders in Moab?
They got lost on the Porcupine Rim Trail and perished from exposure after abandoning their bikes.
How long did the two riders go undiscovered?
17 days.
Why did no one notice when the riders did not return?
They hadn’t told anyone of their plans.
What did the riders attempt to do after getting lost?
They abandoned their bikes and tried to walk down to the road.
What natural features made reaching the road difficult?
Numerous cliffs.
How did the riders die on the ledge?
They perished from exposure.
What hindered search efforts for the lost riders?
They did not place any items to indicate their positions.
What happened to the riders’ bikes?
Thieves took their bikes and helmets.
Who eventually found the bodies of the riders?
A helicopter searcher.
What did the Forest Service ranger do after reaching the riders?
He was able to walk out unaided.
What risks can pose dangers while mountain biking in canyon country?
Cliffs, steep hills, and other natural features.
What happened to pro rider Paul Willerton?
He crashed and broke his leg, having to drag himself many miles.
What is the first basic backcountry survival skill mentioned?
Drink plenty of water.
Fill in the blank: Always tell someone where you are going and when you expect to _______.
return.
What should you assume if you find personal effects on the ground?
Someone could be lost or in trouble.
What should you do if you get lost?
Backtrack.
What items should you bring for emergency situations?
- Matches
- Extra clothing and food
- Flashlight
- Aluminized emergency blanket
If the area is new to you, what should you do?
Go with someone familiar or take a map and compass.
Why should you wear a helmet while biking?
It’s hard to ride home with a cracked skull.
What should you know how to use for basic emergencies?
First aid stuff and bike tools.
What is a good practice when facing difficult sections of the trail?
Walk your bike when it’s appropriate.
What should you avoid if you are a long way out?
Riding beyond your limits.
What is the first rule of the International Mountain Bike Association?
Plan ahead.
True or False: Leaving no trace is a principle to follow while biking.
True.
What can endangering yourself also endanger?
The person trying to rescue you.
What is emphasized as essential for cycling in the backcountry?
Making appropriate decisions and learning survival skills.
What does ignorance about danger lead to?
It becomes the danger itself.
What is a bike chain composed of?
A series of links connected by rivets
Rollers surround each rivet and engage the teeth of the cogs and chainrings.
What is the primary function of a bicycle chain?
To transmit mechanical energy from the pedals to the rear wheel.
What are the advantages of a bicycle chain in terms of weight, cost, and efficiency?
It has no equal in weight, cost, and efficiency.
How should a bike chain be maintained for optimal performance?
It needs to be kept clean and well lubricated.
Why should chains be replaced frequently?
To prolong the working life of other, more expensive, drivetrain components.
What happens to a chain as its internal parts wear?
The chain gets longer and contacts the gear teeth differently than intended.
What is a specific maintenance challenge with today’s derailleur chains?
Rivets are shorter and outer plates thinner, requiring more care to avoid breakage.
Where can you find information on troubleshooting chain problems?
‘Troubleshooting Chain Problems’ at the end of this chapter (4-14 through 4-16).
What type of lubricant should be used for bike chains?
A lubricant intended for bicycle chains.
What is a characteristic of dry lubricants for bike chains?
They pick up less dirt in dry conditions.
What is a characteristic of sticky lubricants for bike chains?
They are less likely to wash off in wet conditions.
What do some lubricants claim to be, besides just lubricants?
Metal conditioners that penetrate and alter the surface of the metal.
What is a potential downside of wax-based lubricants?
They don’t protect well and can result in a short chain life.
What forms do chain lubricants generally come in?
Spray cans and squeeze bottles.
Why should sprays be avoided for regular maintenance of bike chains?
They tend to spew too much oil over everything.
What is the primary purpose of lubricating a bike chain?
To reduce friction and prevent corrosion.
What should you do before applying lubricant to a bike chain?
Move the chain periodically to access the links.
True or False: Over-lubricating a bike chain is preferable to under-lubricating.
True
What is the recommended method for cleaning a bike chain?
Wipe it down frequently, lubricate it, and wipe off excess lube.
Fill in the blank: The lubricant softens the old sludge buildup, which is driven out of the chain when you ______.
[ride]
What items should you keep next to your bike to encourage regular chain maintenance?
Rubber gloves, a rag, and chain lube.
What is the function of chain-cleaning units?
To scrub the chain with a solvent while it is on the bike.
What type of solvent is recommended for chain-cleaning units?
Nontoxic citrus-based solvent.
Why is it advised to avoid using strong solvents without lubricants?
They can displace oil from inside the rollers, leaving a dry chain.
What should you wear for safety when using solvents?
Gloves and glasses.
List the steps for cleaning a chain with a rag.
- Grab the chain with a rag
- Turn the crank backward
- Pull the chain through the rag
- Lubricate the chain
What happens if a chain is frequently removed without a master link?
It shortens the chain’s life significantly.
What can occur if a 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-speed chain is opened repeatedly?
It can break under high load.
Fill in the blank: Chain cleaning can be performed with the bike on the ground or in a bike ______.
[stand]
What is the effect of citrus chain solvents that contain lubricants?
They won’t dry the chain out.
What should you do with a chain-cleaning unit after using it?
Recycle or dispose of used solvents properly.
What is the first step in cleaning a bike chain using a chain-cleaning unit?
Remove the top and pour in the solvent up to the fill line.
How should the chain-cleaning unit be positioned for cleaning?
Place the chain-cleaning unit up against the bottom of the chain.
What action should be taken to run the chain through the unit’s brushes?
Turn the bike’s crank backward.
After cleaning, what should be done with the solvent in the chain-cleaning unit?
Let the solvent settle, decant the clear portion, and discard the sludge.
What is the recommended method for cleaning a chain without a chain-cleaning unit?
Remove the chain, drop it into a jar or water bottle, pour in solvent, and shake.
Why is it not recommended to frequently disassemble a bike chain?
It weakens the chain due to expanding rivet holes.
What issue can arise from chain breakage during riding?
A chain can break when shifting the front derailleur while pedaling hard.
What is a master link and why is it beneficial?
A master link allows for easier chain disassembly without weakening the chain.
Which brands commonly use master links in their chains?
SRAM, Wippermann, Taya, KMC, FSA, and Shimano.
What should you avoid when using citrus-based solvents for chain cleaning?
Don’t leave the chain to soak for extended periods.
What is the typical lifespan for mountain bike chains?
500 to 1,000 miles under dirty conditions.
What happens when a chain elongates?
It concentrates the load on individual gear teeth, leading to faster wear.
What is the best method to monitor a chain’s condition?
Using a chain length gauge.
What is the Rohloff Caliber 2 gauge used for?
Checking chain elongation.
What does it indicate if the curved tooth of a Rohloff gauge falls completely into the chain?
The chain needs to be replaced.
Which side of the Rohloff gauge is used for steel cogs?
The tooth marked ‘S’.
How often should you check the chain for elongation?
Regularly, in multiple spots on the chain.
What is the consequence of using a new chain with worn gear teeth?
The new chain may skip when pedaling hard.
Fill in the blank: A chain that breaks during riding is often due to _______.
[shifting the front derailleur while pedaling hard]
True or False: Citrus-based solvents are harmful to breathe and should be avoided.
True.
What additional feature do some tools have to assist with chain maintenance?
A chain hook on the opposite side with two hooked prongs to pull chain ends and release tension.
What is the purpose of a digital chain gauge?
To monitor chain wear precisely over time.
Which brands offer chain-elongation gauges?
Feedback Sports, KMC, Park, Wippermann, and other brands.
What is the standard measurement for chains regarding rivets?
Chains should measure ½ inch between adjacent rivets.
How many links should be in 1 foot of a bike chain?
Exactly 12 links.
What should the distance between rivets be for 12 links?
12 inches exactly.
What is the recommendation for chain replacement if elongation exceeds 1 percent?
Replace the chain if elongation is ½ inch in 50 complete link pairs.
What do you compare a used chain to determine if it needs replacement?
Hang it next to a new chain for comparison.
What procedure applies to standard derailleur chains without a master link?
The procedure for removing the chain using a chain tool.
What is the first step to remove a chain link using a chain tool?
Place any link over the back teeth on a chain tool.
What should you do if you pushed the pin all the way out during chain removal?
The two ends will pull apart, but you won’t be able to reconnect them without a subpin or a master link.
How do you determine the number of links needed for a new chain?
Compare with the old chain or wrap around the big chainring and the biggest cog.
What additional links should you account for in a 1×11 system with a SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleur?
One and a half more links of overlap.
What is the simplest system for single-speed bikes to vary distance from crank to rear hub?
Rear dropouts with long, horizontal slots.
What is a more elegant system for varying drivetrain length on single-speed/internal-gear frames?
Sliding rear dropouts.
What is the function of an eccentric bottom bracket in relation to chain tension?
It allows for adjusting the drivetrain length to tension the chain.
What is the function of the eccentric cylinder in a bicycle?
Clamps into the oversized bottom-bracket shell to adjust chain tension
The eccentric cylinder can be adjusted using pinch bolts, setscrews, or a wedge piece.
How do you initially set the distance from the wheel to the crank?
Slide the wheel or dropouts forward or rotate the eccentric bottom bracket to minimize distance
This ensures proper chain tensioning.
What is the ideal chain tension for a bicycle chain?
Not too taut or too loose; it should allow gentle movement without derailing
A good test is to push the chain over gently with your thumb just behind the chainring.
What is a ‘singleator’ in bicycle maintenance?
A chain tensioner that pulls slack chain taut
It is typically spring-loaded and bolts into the rear-derailleur hanger.
What is the purpose of a jockey wheel in a chain tensioner?
Keeps the chain tight by pushing up or down on it
The jockey wheel’s position can be adjusted based on the desired tension.
What should you do when installing a twin-jockey-wheel type chain tensioner?
Ensure enough chain length to accommodate the jockey wheels without stretching
This type cannot be used with fixed gear or coaster brake setups.
What is the first step in routing the chain properly?
Shift into small-small
This means having the chain on the smallest cog in the rear and the smallest chainring up front.
What is a key consideration when connecting a non-Shimano bicycle chain?
Avoid using the same pin on 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-speed chains except in emergencies
This is crucial to prevent injury if the chain breaks.
How should you position the link rivet when reconnecting a chain?
Sticking out toward you for easier access with the chain tool
This allows for a more comfortable and effective connection process.
What should you do if the link does not fold easily after assembly?
Continue with the steps to adjust the link
A stiff link indicates that the outer plates are too close together.
What is the last step in connecting a chain without a master link?
Push the pin a fraction of a turn to spread the plates apart
This ensures that the link operates smoothly with the rest of the chain.
What is a special connecting pin used in Shimano chains prior to 2017?
Subpin
The subpin ensures a strong chain connection.
How should the subpin be inserted into a Shimano chain?
In the same direction that the old rivet was pushed out
What is the orientation requirement for post-2010 10-speed Shimano chains?
Shimano logo must face outside
What distinguishes the Shimano subpin from a standard rivet?
Twice as long and has a breakage groove in the middle
What color is the 11-speed Shimano pin?
Gray
What should you do if you are reinstalling an old Shimano chain?
Get a new subpin at a bike shop
What is the first step in connecting a Shimano chain?
Remove any extra links
What is the correct sequence for lining up the chain ends?
Open end of the outer link leads over the top of the chainring
Fill in the blank: Push the subpin in with your fingers, _______ first.
Pointed end
What should you check after assembling the link?
Link’s freedom of movement
True or False: A good chain tool is unnecessary if you ride frequently.
False
What is the benefit of a good chain tool compared to a cheap one?
Easier to use, aligns chain better, lasts longer
What is the model of Shimano’s 11-speed shop tool?
TL-CN34
What feature do most high-quality chain tools have regarding compatibility?
Backward-compatible with older, wider chains
What does the Rohloff Revolver chain tool include?
Thumbscrew to secure chain and a revolving plate with different patterns
Which tool is known for working on both modern and older chains?
Rohloff Revolver chain tool
What happens if you use an older chain tool on narrower chains?
You will eventually bend and break the chain-retention teeth
What should be done if the link kinks after assembly?
Push the link rivet in a little deeper
What is a common characteristic of Shimano’s TL-CN23 tool?
Meant for Shimano 10-speed chains but also works for 6-speed chains
What do the four locating teeth on a chain tool do?
Secure the chain better than two teeth
Fill in the blank: A good chain tool will have a _______ drive pin.
Replaceable
What must be done with the leading half of the subpin after insertion?
Break it off
What is the Rohloff Revolver chain tool designed for?
1-12-speed chains
The Rohloff Revolver is a versatile tool suitable for a range of chain speeds.
Why should you avoid using an older-generation chain tool on a newer chain?
It can laterally load the chain-locating teeth
A two-generation-older chain tool will not seat the chain connector pin correctly.
What is the advantage of using the latest chain tool?
Best compatibility with the latest and older chains
A newer tool ensures proper function with both current and wider chains.
What is the main feature of the Park CT-43 chain tool?
Utilizes a pocket molded into the tool body for the chain link
This design allows it to work without sustaining damage as chains get narrower.
What is the recommended condition for using a chain tool on different chain speeds?
One generation back, meant for at least 11-speed chains
This ensures compatibility with chains up through 12 speeds.
What is the purpose of aligning the connecting pin and holes perfectly?
To ensure proper seating of the pin
Misalignment can cause issues in connecting the chain.
What happens if you use an older chain tool on an 11-speed chain?
The prongs may bend due to being too far from the backing plate
This can lead to tool damage and ineffective chain connection.
Name one type of master link.
SRAM (Sachs) PowerLink
Other examples include Shimano Quick Link and KMC Missing Link.
What is a characteristic of the master link design?
Made of two symmetrical link halves with a pin
Each half has a keyhole that tapers into a slot.
True or False: SRAM PowerLock links are designed to be opened.
False
They are not supposed to be openable, but can be with master-link pliers.
What is the first step in connecting a master link?
Put the pin of each half of the link through the hole in the chain
Ensure one pin goes down and one pin goes up.
What should you do after inserting the pins into the chain?
Pull the links close together and insert each pin into the keyhole
This action secures the link together.
How do you disconnect a master link?
Squeeze the master-link plates toward each other
This action frees the plates from the grooves in the pins.
What tool makes opening a master link easier?
Master-link pliers
They simplify the process of disconnecting links.
What is the unique feature of the Wippermann ConneX link?
The edges of the link plates are not symmetrical
This requires a specific orientation for installation.
Fill in the blank: The Wippermann ConneX link should be oriented so that its taller convex edge is facing _______.
away from the chainring
Incorrect orientation can cause chain skipping.
What shape do the connected holes on each plate of the Wippermann link form?
Heart shape
This orientation is crucial for proper installation.
What is the first step in connecting the Taya master link?
Connect the chain ends with the plate that has two rivets sticking out of it.
How should the outer master-link plate be installed?
Snap the outer master-link plate over the rivets and into their grooves.
What is the purpose of flexing the plate when installing the Taya master link?
To facilitate hooking each keyhole-shaped hole over its corresponding rivet.
What is the first step in disconnecting the Taya master link?
Flex the master link so that the pins come closer together.
What type of bikes can use the Gates Carbon Drive toothed belt?
Single-speed bikes and bikes with internal-gear rear hubs.
Why must the bike frame be designed to adjust for tensioning the Gates belt?
Because the belt is a continuous loop that cannot be opened.
What types of frame systems are compatible with the Gates belt drive?
- Hardtail frames
- Full-suspension frames with specific designs
What is the key factor in determining the correct length of the Gates belt?
The number of teeth on the belt sprockets.
How should the Gates Carbon Drive belt be handled when uncoiling?
Pull the belt open slowly to avoid sharp bends that can break carbon fibers.
What is the recommended method to determine proper belt tension for the Gates system?
Use a Carbon Drive tension gauge or push down on the belt halfway between the sprockets.
What is chain suck?
When the chain does not release from the bottom of the chaining and pulls up instead.
What is a common cause of chain suck?
A rusty chain or stiff links.
What is the first step to eliminate chain suck?
Clean and lube the chain, and clean the chainrings.
How can stiff links in a chain be loosened?
By flexing them side to side or using the back teeth on a chain tool.
What can be done if the chain is wedged between the chainstay and the chainring?
Free it with a screwdriver.
What is a recommended solution for squeaking chains?
Wipe down the chain, lubricate it with wet lube, and ride for a test period.
True or False: The Gates Carbon Drive belt can be adjusted in length.
False
Fill in the blank: The best way to determine proper belt tension is to use a _______.
Carbon Drive tension gauge
What types of suspension systems are compatible with the Gates Carbon Drive?
- Concentric-pivot systems
- Uniffed-rear triangle systems
- Softails with flex in the chainstays
What should be done if there are bent or torn teeth on the chaining?
Replace the chaining or straighten any broken or torn teeth.
What type of lubricant should not be used to prevent a dry chain chirp?
Wax-based lubricant
What should you do if the squeak in the chain is not gone after initial remedy?
Replace the chain
Chains often don’t heal from being too dry and rusted deep inside.
What are the causes of a skipping chain?
Stiff links, rusted chain, worn-out chain, worn cogs, misadjusted rear derailleur, sticky shift cable, loose rear-derailleur jockey wheel(s), bent rear derailleur or hanger, worn derailleur pivots, bent mounting bolt, missing or worn chain rollers, inverted master link.
How can you identify a stiff link in a chain?
Turn the crank backward slowly to see if a chain link is stiff
A stiff link will deflect the jockey wheels as it passes through.
What is the method to loosen stiff links in a bike chain?
Flex them from side to side or use a chain tool
Use the second set of teeth on the chain tool to spread the link.
What should you do if a rusted chain squeaks and skips?
Lubricate the chain with wet lube and ride a few miles to see if it improves
If it doesn’t improve, replace the chain.
What does a worn-out chain do?
It elongates and skips because it does not mesh well with the cogs.
How can you check for chain elongation?
Refer to the specifications described in section 4-6.
What should you check if a newly replaced chain is skipping?
Check for worn cogs
The chain will skip on the cogs used most frequently.
How can you visually check for worn cogs?
Look for hook-shaped teeth on the cogs.
What tool can be used to check cog wear?
Rohloff HG-IG-Check tool
This tool checks for cog wear by applying tension on a chain wrapped around the cog.
What should you do if the rear derailleur is misadjusted?
Adjust the rear derailleur according to the procedure described in section 5-2.
What can cause a chain to jump off under load?
Sticky shift cable
Frayed, rough, or rusted cables or housings can contribute to this issue.
How can you fix a loose rear-derailleur jockey wheel?
Check and tighten the bolts holding the jockey wheel.
What should you do if the rear derailleur or hanger is bent?
Take the bike to a shop to have it checked and realigned
Most modern bikes have a replaceable right rear dropout and derailleur hanger.
What happens if the derailleur pivots are worn?
The derailleur will be loose and cause the chain to skip.
What should you do if the mounting bolt of the derailleur is bent?
Replace the bent bolt.
What can cause a chain to skip even if it passes elongation tests?
Missing or worn chain rollers.
What happens if the master link is installed upside down?
The taller link edge will lift the rollers off the cog, causing the chain to skip.
What inspires confidence when riding on difficult single-track sections of trail?
Having derailleurs that work smoothly, predictably, and quietly under all conditions.
What is a common problem with rear derailleurs?
Improperly adjusted rear derailleurs.
What adjustments can be made to fix rear derailleurs?
Tweaks of the limit screws and the cable tension.
Where is the rear derailleur mounted on a bike?
Bolted to a hanger on the rear dropout.
What role do the jockey wheels play in the rear derailleur?
Hold the chain tight and help guide the chain as the derailleur shifts.
How many springs might a rear derailleur have?
One or two springs in the lower, or both upper and lower, knuckles.
What happens when the tension on the rear-derailleur cable is increased?
The derailleur moves inward toward the larger cogs.
What pulls the chain back toward the smallest cogs when cable tension is released?
A return spring between the derailleur’s two parallelogram plates.
What is unique about Shimano’s Low Normal derailleurs?
They have a ‘normal’ position in the low-gear position when cable tension is removed.
What does Top Normal refer to in Shimano terminology?
A standard rear derailleur that moves to the smallest cog when there is no cable tension.
Fill in the blank: The rear derailleur is one of the more ______ parts on a bike.
complex
True or False: The rear derailleur does not take up chain slack when the bike bounces.
False
List the components involved in the functioning of a rear derailleur.
- Rear derailleur
- Jockey wheels
- Return spring
- Cable tension
- Limit screws
What does Low Normal refer to in the context of rear derailleurs?
A rear derailleur that moves to the largest cog [low gear] when there is no cable tension.
What is the purpose of the Shadow design in Shimano rear derailleurs?
A low-profile rear derailleur with a thin body and a very short mounting bolt to keep the derailleur close to the bike and away from rocks and branches.
What does the b-link do in Shimano derailleurs?
Sets the derailleur back in proper position and is designed to snap off in case of a hard impact.
Which factors determine how closely the derailleur tracks the cogs?
- Chain length
- Balance between the springs in the upper and lower knuckle pivots
- b-screw adjustment
What are the functions of the two limit screws on the rear derailleur?
Prevent the derailleur from moving the chain too far to the inside (into the spokes) or to the outside (into the dropout).
Where is the cable-tensioning barrel adjuster located on most rear derailleurs?
At the back of the derailleur, where the cable enters it.
What is the purpose of the tensioning screw (b-screw) on the rear derailleur?
Controls the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
What is the recommended torque for tightening the derailleur’s mounting bolt?
8-10 N-m.
Fill in the blank: The clutch lever switch on some derailleurs should be in the _______ position before mounting.
off
How do original Shimano Saint rear derailleurs differ in mounting from other derailleurs?
They mount to the axle of the rear hub instead of the dropout derailleur hanger.
True or False: Most inexpensive derailleurs have a b-screw.
False
What should be done to the chain before installing it on the derailleur?
Route the chain through the jockey wheels and connect it, ensuring it is the correct length.
What tools are required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt?
- 5mm hex key
- Torx T25
- 8mm box wrench
What is the consequence of a hard impact on the b-link of a Shimano derailleur?
It is designed to snap off and save the derailleur.
What is the role of the clutch adjuster screw in rear derailleurs?
Adjusts the tension of the clutch mechanism to improve chain retention.
What should be ensured regarding the tab on inexpensive derailleurs during installation?
The tab should be behind the flat on the derailleur hanger.
What does ‘Low Normal’ refer to in a rear derailleur?
A rear derailleur that moves to the largest cog (low gear) when there is no cable tension.
What is ‘Shadow’ in the context of Shimano rear derailleurs?
A low-profile rear derailleur with a thin body and a very short mounting bolt to keep it close to the bike.
What is the purpose of the sacrificial b-link in Shimano Shadow derailleurs?
To house the short mounting bolt and snap off to save the derailleur in the event of a hard impact.
What factors determine how well a derailleur tracks the cogs?
- Chain length
- Balance between the springs in the upper and lower knuckle pivots
- b-screw adjustment
What do the two limit screws on a rear derailleur do?
Prevent the derailleur from moving the chain too far to the inside (into the spokes) or to the outside (into the dropout).
Where is the cable-tensioning barrel adjuster located on a rear derailleur?
At the back of the derailleur, where the cable enters it.
What is the torque specification for tightening the derailleur’s mounting bolt?
8-10 N-m.
True or False: All rear derailleurs have a b-screw for adjustment.
False.
Fill in the blank: The _______ controls the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
[b-screw]
What is the first step in installing a rear derailleur?
Grease the derailleur’s mounting bolt threads.
How should a derailleur be aligned for mounting?
Rotate the derailleur back (clockwise) so the b-screw is behind the flat on the back of the derailleur hanger.
What distinguishes axle-mounted Shimano Saint rear derailleurs from others?
They mount to the axle of the rear hub instead of the dropout derailleur hanger.
What is the function of the clutch lever switch in some derailleurs?
To engage or disengage the clutch mechanism.
List the tools required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt.
- 5mm hex key
- Torx T25
- 8mm box wrench
What should be ensured about the chain before connecting it to the derailleur?
That it is the correct length.
What happens to inexpensive derailleurs that do not have a b-screw?
They have a nonadjustable tab extending inward where the b-screw would be.
What is the purpose of the tensioning screw (b-screw) on the derailleur?
To control the space between the bottom of the cogs and the upper jockey wheel.
What is the first step in installing a Shimano rear derailleur on a direct mount?
Install the rear wheel into the dropouts and push the axle through it from the nondrive side.
What should be done to the threaded, drive-side end of the axle before installing the derailleur?
Grease the threaded, drive-side end of the axle.
Where should the derailleur’s end stopper be positioned during installation?
In the dropout slot adjacent to the hub axle.
What is the purpose of the b-screw in derailleur installation?
To position the derailleur correctly behind the dropout-hanger tab.
What should be checked regarding the chain before connecting it during installation?
Make sure that it is the correct length.
What tools are required to tighten the cable-fixing bolt during installation?
A 5mm hex key, a Torx T25, or an 8mm box wrench.
What is the purpose of the bump stopper screw on the upper knuckle?
To stop the derailleur so that the lower pivot cannot hit the chainstay.
What should be done before starting derailleur adjustments?
Lubricate or replace the chain to ensure smooth drivetrain operation.
What is the primary function of limit screws on a rear derailleur?
To prevent damage to the frame, rear wheel, or derailleur by limiting movement.
How do you identify the high-gear limit screw on a rear derailleur?
It is often labeled H and is usually the upper of the two screws.
What should be done if there is hesitation when dropping to the small cog?
Adjust the cable tension before touching the limit screws.
What is the procedure for adjusting the high-gear limit screw?
Loosen it one-quarter turn at a time until the chain reliably drops quickly and easily.
What does the low-gear limit screw prevent?
It stops the inward movement of the rear derailleur to prevent it from going into the spokes.
How can you check which is the low-gear limit screw?
It is usually labeled L and is the bottom screw.
Fill in the blank: To install cables and housings during derailleur installation, refer to sections _______.
[5-6 to 5-18]
True or False: Derailleurs perform the same under load as they do in a bike stand.
False
What is the consequence of improperly set limit screws?
They can lead to damaging the frame, rear wheel, or derailleur.
What should you do if the derailleur goes past the smallest cog during adjustment?
Tighten the high-gear limit screw.
What is the purpose of the barrel adjuster on the derailleur?
To adjust cable tension.
What is the first step in adjusting the derailleur?
Shift the chain to the inner chainring on the front.
What should you do if the derailleur touches the spokes?
Tighten the low-gear limit screw.
What action should be taken if the derailleur cannot push the chain onto the largest cog?
Loosen the low-gear limit screw.
What is the purpose of adjusting cable tension in indexed rear shifters?
It determines whether the derailleur moves to the proper gear with each click.
Fill in the blank: To adjust the cable tension, turn the barrel adjuster _______.
counterclockwise.
True or False: Recent SRAM rear derailleurs have barrel adjusters.
False.
What should you do if the chain overshifts the second cog?
Decrease the cable tension by turning the barrel adjuster clockwise.
What does a Low Normal or Rapid Rise rear derailleur require when the chain overshifts?
Increase the tension by turning the barrel adjuster counterclockwise.
What is the final check to ensure proper derailleur function?
Shift back and forth across all the cogs to ensure smooth shifting.
What can happen if the shifter barrel adjuster does not hold its adjustment?
Derailleur performance will steadily worsen as you ride.
What is one temporary fix for a shifter barrel adjuster that does not hold its adjustment?
Apply Finish Line Anti Seize Assembly Lube.
What could cause the rear derailleur to move more than one cog spacing with each click?
Using an 8-speed shifter with a 9-speed cogset.
What is a common issue when mixing components from different manufacturers?
Some spacers between the cogs may be too thin.
What material can be used to create a shim for adjusting cog spacing?
Aluminum cut from a beer or pop can.
How thick is a beer-can shim approximately?
0.1mm thick.
What should you do if shifting improves but does not completely fix the problem after adding a shim?
Try adding another beer-can shim.
How can you optimize shifting performance after adding a shim?
Experiment with various positions for the shims within the cogset.
What is the first step in adjusting non-indexed rear shifters?
Remove the slack in the cable
Proper cable tension ensures that the derailleur moves as soon as the shift lever is engaged.
What should you do if there is free play in the shift lever?
Tighten the cable by turning the cable barrel adjuster counterclockwise
If there are no barrel adjusters, loosen the cable-fixing bolt, pull slack out with pliers, and retighten.
What is the purpose of adjusting the limit screws and cable tension?
To ensure proper shifting performance
Additional adjustments may be necessary for optimal performance.
What does the b-screw adjustment change?
The derailleur’s position against the derailleur-hanger tab
This adjustment allows for improved shifting precision.
What is the recommended chain gap for most derailleurs?
About 6mm
This measurement is taken between the top of the jockey wheel and the bottom of the cog.
What chain gap does SRAM recommend for their early ESP derailleurs?
1 to 1¼ links
This is measured with the chain on the middle chainring and largest cog.
What is the chain gap specification for Shimano rear derailleurs with a maximum rear cog size of 42 teeth?
5-6mm
If the largest cog is 46 teeth, the chain gap should be set at 8-9mm.
True or False: On Shimano Shadow low-profile rear derailleurs, the b-screw pushes against the derailleur hanger.
False
The b-screw pushes against the b-link attached to the upper pivot.
What is the specified chain gap for SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleurs?
15mm
These derailleurs are designed for single-chainring drivetrains.
What is the function of the lower-knuckle pivot-spring tension adjustment?
Controls chain bounce in older derailleurs
It brings the upper jockey wheel closer to the cogs, increasing tension in the lower run of the chain.
What should be done before adjusting the lower-knuckle spring tension?
Disassemble the derailleur pivot
This adjustment is complex and should be justified.
Fill in the blank: Modern mountain-bike derailleurs generally have a _______ at the lower pivot to minimize bouncing of the chain.
[clutch]
Clutches make the jockey-wheel cage hard to rotate.
What happens if you increase the lower-knuckle spring tension?
It reduces chain bouncing over rough terrain
This may increase drag on the chain but can improve performance in gravity-driven riding.
What is the purpose of the setscrew on post-1997 Shimano XT, LX, and STX rear derailleurs?
It allows disassembly of the pivot without disconnecting the derailleur from the cable and chain.
What tool is required to remove the setscrew on the lower pivot of Shimano derailleurs?
2mm hex key.
What happens if the jockey cage is turned in the wrong direction during derailleur adjustment?
It can deform the spring, preventing it from fitting back in the knuckle.
In Shimano derailleurs, where is the p-spring typically located by default?
In the low-tension hole.
What is a complication when adjusting the p-spring tension on older Shimano derailleurs?
There is no setscrew on the lower-knuckle housing.
What should be checked if the rear derailleur does not shift well?
Ensure that neither the derailleur nor the derailleur hanger on the frame dropout is bent.
What does a tighter clutch in a Shimano chain stabilizer do?
Increases chain retention but makes downshifting heavier.
How can you turn off the clutch in a Shimano derailleur?
Using the clutch lever switch.
What is the risk of using a Shimano derailleur without its clutch cover?
The clutch can fill with water and dirt, causing it to cease functioning.
What is the recommended torque for adjusting the clutch screw in Shimano derailleurs?
Not exceeding 0.25 N-m of torque.
What type of key is used for older models when checking clutch adjustment?
5mm hex key.
What type of key is used for newer models when checking clutch adjustment?
Torx T30 key.
Fill in the blank: The p-spring tension can be increased by moving the spring end into a __________.
different spring hole.
True or False: The clutch adjustment screw is located on the top of the clutch housing.
False.
What is the function of the tall stopscrew in older Shimano derailleurs?
Prevents the jockey cage from twisting all the way around.
What should be done if the derailleur is making noise in mild cross-gears?
Check for bent derailleur or derailleur hanger.
What is the effect of a tighter clutch on shifting?
Makes for a heavier downshift and harder multi-shifting.
What is the correct torque range for setting the clutch torque?
3.5-5.4 N-m
This range is important for proper clutch function.
What tool is used to adjust the clutch torque?
2mm hex key
The adjustment is done by turning the clutch adjuster screw.
If the clutch torque cannot be set without exceeding 0.25 N-m, what might be the issue?
Grease on the clutch shaft or the cam in the wrong position
This requires overhauling the clutch to fix.
What should be done after adjusting the clutch torque?
Replace the adjustment-screw cover
Covers can be rubber leashed or plastic.
What is the function of the front derailleur?
Moves the chain between the chainrings
It consists of a cage, linkage, and an arm attached to the shifter cable.
How is the front derailleur typically attached to the frame?
By a clamp surrounding the seat tube
Some frames may not include a front derailleur band clamp due to design constraints.
What are the two main mounting styles for front derailleurs?
- Direct-mount
- Bolt-on
Direct-mounts attach directly to the frame’s mounts, while bolt-ons use a clamp.
What distinguishes Shimano bottom-bracket-mounted front derailleurs?
They are called E-type
E-types can attach to the face of the bottom bracket or a braze-on boss.
What are the two types of clamps used for mounting front derailleurs?
- High clamp
- Low clamp
The choice depends on the derailleur mechanism and frame design.
What is a top-swing front derailleur?
Has a band clamp or bolt-on plate lower than the cage height
The activation linkage and pivots are positioned behind the cage.
What is a down-swing front derailleur?
Has a band clamp or bolt-on plate above the cage
The linkage and cage pivot are above the cage.
What is the benefit of a side-swing front derailleur?
Greater tire clearance
It moves the cable and actuation arm farther forward from the tire knobs.
What distinguishes a bottom-pull front derailleur from a top-pull?
Cable direction: bottom-pull comes from below, top-pull from above
The cable routing affects the derailleur’s activation.
What is a dual cable-pull option in modern front derailleurs?
Allows cable to come from above or below
This provides flexibility in installation.
What is the first step in installing a band type front derailleur?
Clamp the front derailleur around the seat tube
Ensure the correct size band clamp or shims are used.
What clamp diameter do modern Shimano and older SRAM front derailleurs typically accommodate?
35mm (1⅜-inch) diameter seat tube with shims for either 31.8mm (1¼-inch) or 28.6mm (1⅛-inch) seat tubes.
What is the purpose of C-shaped aluminum shims in Shimano front derailleurs?
They are held in place by C-shaped plastic brackets that clip within the circle of the front-derailleur band clamp.
What is a direct mount front derailleur?
A derailleur that bolts directly to either the seat tube or the swingarm of a full-suspension bike.
What mounting configurations are available for SRAM XX direct-mount front derailleurs?
S1, S2, and S3 configurations depending on the mounting system on the frame, with top-pull and bottom-pull models.
How is the Shimano E-type front derailleur mounted?
It mounts to a plate that fits between the bottom-bracket cup and the bottom bracket shell.
What initial step is required to install a Shimano E-type front derailleur?
Remove the bottom bracket.
What type of adjustment is not available for E-type front derailleurs?
Height and rotational adjustments.
What is the recommended height position for the outer cage of a front derailleur above the outer chainring?
1-2mm (1/16-3/32 inch).
What tool is commonly used to adjust the position of a seat-tube-clamp front derailleur?
5mm hex key, T25 Torx, or 8mm box wrench.
What are the two limit screws on a front derailleur labeled as?
L for low gear (small chainring) and H for high gear (large chainring).
True or False: Direct-mount front derailleurs are chainring-size-specific.
True.
Fill in the blank: The outer plate of the derailleur cage should be ______ to the chainrings when viewed from above.
[parallel]
What should be done with the Pro-set alignment block during the installation of a Shimano front derailleur?
Leave it in place for the height adjustment step and remove it for the rotation adjustment.
What happens to the front derailleur when the suspension on a full-suspension bike moves?
The derailleur moves forward and back over the chainring.
What type of mounting does a bottom-bracket face-mounting front derailleur use?
Direct-mount.
What is a common feature of less expensive E-type front derailleurs?
They have a C-shaped stabilizer that fixes rotational adjustment.
How can the rotational adjustment of some E-type front derailleurs be achieved?
By twisting the band clamp around the seat tube a few degrees.
How can you determine which limit screw controls which function on a front derailleur?
Shift the chain to the inner ring and tighten one of the limit screws. If it moves the derailleur outward, it is the low-gear limit screw; if not, the other screw is the low-gear limit screw.
What should you do if the chain drops off the little ring to the inside?
Tighten the low-gear limit screw (clockwise) one-quarter turn and try shifting again.
What adjustment should be made if the chain does not drop easily onto the inner chainring?
Loosen the low-gear limit screw (counterclockwise) one-quarter turn and repeat the shift.
What is the process for adjusting the high-gear limit screw?
Shift the chain between the middle and outer chainrings, tighten the high-gear limit screw if the chain jumps over the big chainring, or loosen it if the chain is sluggish going up.
What is the first step in cable-tension adjustment?
With the chain on the inner chainring, remove any excess cable slack.
True or False: The tension adjustment for cables works only for indexed shifters.
False. This tension adjustment will work for indexed as well as friction shifters.
What should you do if your derailleur rubs in cross-gears or throws the chain off despite adjustments?
Refer to the chainline discussion in the troubleshooting section.
What should be done regularly to maintain derailleurs?
Regularly replace cables and housings that have broken strands, kinks, or fraying.
What characteristics should be considered when buying new cables and housing?
Cables and housing must be for indexed systems, have minimal stretch, and not compress in length.
Fill in the blank: To prevent cable fraying, buy _______.
cable crimp caps.
What is a useful tool to guide new cables through a frame with internal routing?
Thin plastic tubing.
What should you use to cut cable housing to length?
A special cable-housing cutter.
What is important to ensure when cutting housing to length?
The housing should curve smoothly from cable stop to cable stop without sharp bends.
What should be done if the new internal shift cables cross each other inside the down tube?
They should cross a maximum of once to avoid undue friction.
