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MTB > Basic Maintenance > Flashcards

Basic Maintenance Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Why is it essential to check your bike before heading out on a ride?

A

To ensure safety and avoid delays due to parts failure

Regular checks can also prevent injury risks associated with riding a poorly maintained bike.

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3
Q

What should you be able to do if you don’t always have a mechanic with you?

A

Take the wheels off and put them back on

This skill is important for transporting your bike and handling minor issues like flat tires.

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4
Q

What basic maintenance can enhance the enjoyment of each ride?

A

Keeping the chain and a few other parts clean

Regular cleaning contributes to the bike’s overall performance.

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5
Q

What is the focus of the chapter’s maintenance procedures?

A

Three cleaning and maintenance procedures that are easy to perform

These procedures are fundamental to keeping your bike running smoothly.

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6
Q

What is recommended for home mechanics in this chapter?

A

Read ‘Performing Mechanical Work’

This section provides essential knowledge for bike maintenance.

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7
Q

What tools are required for the work in this chapter?

A

No special tools beyond level 1

Basic tools are sufficient for performing the maintenance tasks.

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8
Q

What should you check regarding the quick-release (QR) levers or axle nuts?

A

Ensure they are tight

This secures the front and rear hub axles to the dropouts.

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9
Q

What should you check for excessive or uneven wear on brake pads?

A

Pad material thickness and groove wear

For disc brakes, the pad material should be at least the thickness of a dime.

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10
Q

How should you verify that the brakes are securely mounted?

A

Grab and twist the caliper or brake pads

Ensure all bolts are tight to confirm secure mounting.

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11
Q

What should happen when you squeeze the brake levers with rim brakes?

A

Pads should flat against the rims without hitting the tires

For disc brakes, pads should contact the rotor.

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12
Q

What should you check for after squeezing the levers to the handlebars?

A

Brake-cable tension adjustment and hydraulic disc-brake bleeding

Refer to sections 10-2 and 10-4 for brake-cable tension adjustment or 10-22 for hydraulic disc-brake bleeding.

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13
Q

What is the proper tire pressure range for most mountain bike tires?

A

30 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi)

Tubeless tires can run below 30 psi; fat-bike tires typically require 5-8 psi.

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14
Q

What should you check for on the tires?

A

Excessive wear, cracking, or gashes

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15
Q

What should you ensure about the handlebar and stem?

A

They are tight and the stem is lined up with the front tire

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16
Q

What indicates that the gears are functioning properly?

A

The chain should not skip or shift by itself, and each click of the shifter moves the chain over one sprocket

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17
Q

How often should the chain be replaced on a mountain bike?

A

Every 500 to 1,000 miles of off-road riding or every 2,000 miles of paved riding

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18
Q

What should you do after applying the front brake?

A

Push the bike forward and backward to check the headset for tightness and clunking noises

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19
Q

What is required for transporting your mountain bike easily?

A

The ability to remove the front wheel

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20
Q

What is the first step to releasing the brake for wheel removal?

A

Release the brake

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21
Q

What happens if you squeeze the lever of a hydraulic disc brake without a disc or travel spacer?

A

The pistons can pop out too far, making it difficult to get the rotor back between the pads

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22
Q

How do most rim brakes allow the tire to pass?

A

By having a mechanism to release the brake arms so they spring away from the rim

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: Most cantilever brakes are released by pulling the enlarged head of the _______ cable out of a notch.

A

straddle

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24
Q

What is the process for detaching a wheel with a quick-release skewer?

A
  1. Pull outward on the quick-release lever
  2. Unscrew the nut on the opposite end until it clears the wheel-retention tabs
  3. Pull the wheel off
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25
Q

True or False: You need a tool to detach a wheel with a quick-release skewer.

A

False

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26
Q

What do most mountain bike forks have to prevent the wheel from falling out?

A

A wheel-retention system consisting of nubs or bent tabs on the fork ends

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27
Q

What are through-axles?

A

Extra-long hub axles that fit directly through the hub-cartridge bearings and screw or clamp directly into the dropouts.

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28
Q

What is the diameter of front through-axles?

A

Generally 15mm or 20mm.

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29
Q

What benefits do through-axles provide compared to quick-release skewers?

A
  • Stiffen the fork against lateral and twisting flex
  • Higher degree of safety against the wheel falling out
  • Improved tracking and steering
  • Smoother up-and-down action
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30
Q

True or False: A through-axle is necessary on an ‘upside-down’ fork.

A

True

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31
Q

What is the role of a through-axle in an upside-down fork?

A

It ties the lower legs of the fork together.

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32
Q

What are the common traits of through-axle systems?

A
  • Axle comes as a part of the fork
  • 15mm through-axle hubs have the same inside diameter of bearings
  • Same position of the disc-brake rotor relative to caliper mounting tabs
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33
Q

Describe the traditional through-axle.

A

Resembles a long bolt that clamps into the fork’s dropouts, with a head that is too large to pass through the hub bearings.

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34
Q

What is the function of pinch bolts in a traditional through-axle?

A

They tighten the dropouts around the ends of the axle once it is fully installed.

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35
Q

How does a quick-release through-axle operate?

A

It has a lever that releases the axle and can be used to screw the axle in or out of the dropout.

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36
Q

What is the procedure to remove a quick-release through-axle?

A

Flip open the lever fully and rotate counterclockwise to unscrew the axle.

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37
Q

What is the first step to remove a traditional draw-bolt through-axle?

A

Loosen the clamp bolts or levers securing the bolt head.

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38
Q

What is the typical tool used to unscrew axle nuts?

A

A 15mm wrench.

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39
Q

Fill in the blank: The nuts on the axle ends unscrew _______.

A

counterclockwise

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40
Q

What must be done before pulling the wheel out with axle nuts?

A

Loosen the nuts enough to clear the retention tabs on the dropouts.

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41
Q

What is the first step to detach a wheel on a Cannondale Lefty fork?

A

Remove the disc brake caliper.

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42
Q

What tools are commonly required to unscrew the axle bolt on a Cannondale Lefty fork?

A

A 5mm or 6mm hex key.

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43
Q

What should be greased during the reinstallation of the wheel?

A

Bearing seats on the axle

This ensures smooth operation of the wheel.

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44
Q

How should the front wheel be installed with a disc brake?

A

Lower the dropouts onto the hub ends and align the brake caliper with the rotor

Ensure the rotor does not dislodge either pad.

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45
Q

What is the proper action when installing a front wheel with rim brakes?

A

Leave the brake open and lower the fork onto the wheel

This allows the bike’s weight to seat the axle fully into the fork.

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46
Q

What should you ensure about the axle ends when installing a wheel?

A

They are fully seated in the dropouts

This is critical for the stability and safety of the bike.

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47
Q

What is a common feature of older through-axle forks?

A

They may not have lips on the medial sides of the dropouts

This requires manual alignment of the hub, axle, and dropouts.

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48
Q

What is the first step in tightening a quick-release skewer?

A

Hold the quick-release lever in the open position

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49
Q

After finger-tightening the opposite-end nut, what should you do next?

A

Push the lever over to the closed position

The lever should be at a 90-degree angle to the axle.

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50
Q

What indicates that the quick-release lever is properly closed?

A

It leaves an imprint on your palm

This means sufficient hand pressure was applied.

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51
Q

What should you do if the quick-release lever does not close tightly enough?

A

Open the lever, tighten the end nut one-quarter turn, and close it again

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52
Q

What is the final position of the quick-release lever after proper tightening?

A

Pointing straight up or toward the back of the bike

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53
Q

What is the first step in installing a through-axle?

A

Slide the wheel into the fork, aligning the rotor between the pads of the disc-brake caliper

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54
Q

How do you tighten a QR15 axle into the fork leg?

A

Use the quick-release lever as a handle to tighten the axle

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55
Q

What should you do if the quick-release lever does not point up after adjustment?

A

Adjust the thread by removing the fixing screw and triangular washer

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56
Q

Fill in the blank: The quick-release lever should take a firm push to flip it into the _______.

A

tightened position

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57
Q

True or False: The quick-release skewer is simply a glorified wing nut.

A

False

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58
Q

What should you do to check the tightness of the axle after installation?

A

Try to knock the wheel out by banging on top of the tire

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59
Q

What is the purpose of adjusting the QR lever?

A

To ensure optimal tension when in the straight-up position.

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60
Q

What shape does the Manitou QR15 HexLock through-axle have?

A

Hex shape on either end.

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61
Q

How should the axle be oriented when installing the Manitou QR15?

A

Laser-etched instructions facing up, toward the handlebar.

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62
Q

What should you do if the lever requires insufficient pressure to close?

A

Flip the lever open, unscrew the adjustment ring counterclockwise, and flip the lever back up.

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63
Q

What is the first step for tightening a screw-in through-axle?

A

Tighten the axle with a hex key or Torx key of the appropriate size.

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64
Q

What is the recommended tightening torque for steel bolt-on skewers?

A

65 inch-pounds.

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65
Q

What is the recommended tightening torque for titanium bolt-on skewers?

A

85 inch-pounds.

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66
Q

When tightening axle nuts, what is the recommended method?

A

Alternate sides, snugging up the nuts bit by bit until tight.

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67
Q

Is there a need to tighten disc brakes after putting in the wheel?

A

No, because they weren’t loosened to remove the wheel.

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68
Q

What is the first step to reconnect rim brakes?

A

Hook up the brake cable.

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69
Q

What should you do to check the brakes after reconnecting?

A

Squeeze the lever and ensure the cable doesn’t slip.

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70
Q

What should you do if a brake pad rubs the rim?

A

Adjust spring tension in the arms or hold the rim centered when securing the hub.

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71
Q

What is the first step in removing the rear wheel?

A

Shift the chain onto the smallest rear cog.

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72
Q

What is required when releasing the rear brake?

A

Follow the same procedure as with the front wheel.

73
Q

What should you do with a clutch rear derailleur before removing the rear wheel?

A

Free or lock the jockey-wheel cage.

74
Q

Fill in the blank: To tighten the adjustment ring if the lever is too hard to flip, turn it _______.

A

clockwise

75
Q

True or False: You should always check fork alignment after installing a through-axle.

A

True

76
Q

What should you do if the wheel sits off-center after tightening?

A

Get the wheel trued or true it yourself.

77
Q

What is the procedure to secure the wheel in dropouts using a through-axle?

A

Slide the axle in, compress spring, rotate lever 90 degrees, then flip lever to closed position.

78
Q

What is the purpose of the Hurricane Components Fork Up?

A

To install a through-axle adapter for racks that clamp the dropouts.

79
Q

What should be done if the skewer is overtightened?

A

Avoid leaning on a long hex key to prevent snapping the skewer.

80
Q

What is the initial action when tightening the clamping bolts on traditional through-axles?

A

Tighten the draw bolt from outside the dropout.

81
Q

What should you engage on a SRAM rear derailleur with a clutch?

A

The lock on the cage

This is necessary to facilitate rear wheel removal.

82
Q

What position should the lever switch be in to free the lower knuckle before removing the rear wheel?

A

Off position (forward)

This step is crucial for proper wheel removal.

83
Q

What is the first step in removing the rear wheel?

A

Release the hub

Depending on axle type, follow specific steps for different axles.

84
Q

How do you push the wheel out of the rear dropouts?

A

Move the chain out of the way and push the wheel

This often involves pulling back on the rear derailleur.

85
Q

What should you do if the bottom half of the chain catches the wheel as it falls?

A

Jiggle the wheel while lifting it

This helps free the cogs from the chain.

86
Q

What gear should the rear derailleur be in when installing the rear wheel?

A

High gear

This positions the derailleur correctly for wheel installation.

87
Q

What should you check on a clutch rear derailleur before installing the wheel?

A

Cage lock or lever switch

Ensure it’s locked (SRAM) or freed (Shimano) as needed.

88
Q

What should you guide the disc-brake rotor or tire between when setting the bike down?

A

The pads in the caliper or rim-brake pads

Proper alignment is essential to avoid damage.

89
Q

What should you check after inserting the axle or hub ends into the dropouts?

A

That they are fully seated

This ensures the wheel is centered correctly.

90
Q

How do you secure the axle after installation?

A

Tighten the quick-release skewer, through-axle, bolt-on skewer, or axle nuts

This is similar to the procedure for the front wheel.

91
Q

What should you do to release the rear-derailleur cage lock after installing the wheel?

A

Pull forward (counterclockwise) on the bottom of the jockey-wheel cage

This action releases the lock and tensions the chain.

92
Q

What is the recommended method for cleaning most bicycles?

A

Soap, water, sponges, and brushes

This method is gentler on both the bike and the environment.

93
Q

Why should high-pressure sprayers be avoided for cleaning bikes?

A

They can force water into bearings, pivots, and frame tubes

This can cause extensive damage over time.

94
Q

What should you use to wash a very dirty bike?

A

A hose with a car-washing brush

This can be effective for initial cleaning.

95
Q

What is the first step in wiping the chain?

A

Remove the wheels

This makes access to the chain easier.

96
Q

What should you fill a bucket with when scrubbing the bike?

A

Hot water and liquid dish soap

This mixture is effective for cleaning.

97
Q

What should you avoid when rinsing the bike?

A

Getting water in the bearings of the bottom bracket, headset, pedals, and hubs

This can lead to damage and maintenance issues.

98
Q

What can be used to remove remaining grime after washing the bike?

A

ProGold Bike Wash or Pedro’s Green Fizz

These cleaners can help achieve a sparkling finish.

99
Q

What is a chain hanger?

A

A little nub attached to the inner side of the right seatstay

It is used to secure the chain while cleaning.

100
Q

What should you do if the bike is really dirty?

A

Start by washing it with a hose while the wheels are on or off

This prepares the bike for a thorough cleaning.

101
Q

How can you secure the chain if there is no chain hanger?

A

Pull the chain back over a dowel stick or an old rear hub

This keeps the chain in place during cleaning.

102
Q

What type of brush is recommended for tough dirt on a bike?

A

A stiff nylon-bristle brush

This is effective for hard-to-reach places.

103
Q

What should you avoid getting in the vent holes of bike frames?

A

Water

Water can cause damage, especially if using high-pressure washers.

104
Q

What is the purpose of the drivetrain in a bike?

A

Transfers energy into the bike’s forward motion

105
Q

Why is it important to keep the drivetrain clean and lubricated?

A

To ensure it moves freely and extends its life

106
Q

What is a quick method for cleaning the drivetrain?

A

Using a rag to wipe down the chain, derailleur jockey wheels, and chainrings

107
Q

What should you wear while cleaning the drivetrain?

A

Rubber gloves

108
Q

What is Gear Floss used for?

A

Cleaning between the cogs of the freewheel

109
Q

What should you do after cleaning the chain?

A

Drip chain lube on the chain and do a light wipe-down

110
Q

Fill in the blank: The drivetrain consists of an oil-covered chain running over the _______.

A

[gears and derailleurs]

111
Q

What type of brush should be used for cleaning the drivetrain?

A

A different brush from the one used for cleaning the frame

112
Q

Why is it best to use citrus solvents for cleaning the chain?

A

Minimizes danger from fumes and reduces disposal problems

113
Q

True or False: It is safe to remove a chain without a master link for cleaning.

A

False

114
Q

What is recommended to protect your skin while using solvents?

A

Use rubber gloves and apply skin lotion

115
Q

What is a self-contained chain cleaner used for?

A

To clean a chain quickly and conveniently

116
Q

What happens if you open a standard chain with a chain tool?

A

It can lead to breakage while riding

117
Q

What should you do if you need to remove the chain for cleaning?

A

Use a master link if available

118
Q

What is the first step in the procedure for thoroughly cleaning a chain?

A

Remove the chain

119
Q

Fill in the blank: Hang the chain to _______ after cleaning.

A

[dry]

120
Q

What should be done after installing the chain back on the bike?

A

Lubricate the chain

121
Q

What is the purpose of dripping chain lube along the top edges of the chain?

A

To get it between the plates at each rivet

122
Q

What should you do with the solvent used in bike maintenance?

A

Allow it to settle in a clear container, decant the clear stuff, and dispose of the sludge

123
Q

How can you quickly clean the drivetrain after a ride?

A

Use a rag to wipe the jockey wheels, chainrings, front derailleur, and chain while turning the crank

124
Q

Why is it beneficial to keep a clean bike?

A

Minimizes corrosion problems and allows you to see other issues as they arise

125
Q

What must be done to threaded parts before tightening?

A

Prep with lubricant, threadlock compound, or an antiseize compound

126
Q

What is the function of lubricated threads?

A

Most threads should be lubricated with grease or oil to ensure smooth operation

127
Q

What type of threads need to be locked to prevent loosening?

A

Threads that need to stay in place but are not supposed to be tightened fully

128
Q

Which compounds are recommended for locked threads?

A

Loctite, Finish Line Threadlock, or an equivalent

129
Q

What is the purpose of antiseize compounds on some threads?

A

To prevent galling and binding which makes tightening and extraction problematic

130
Q

What should never be done with a titanium bolt into a titanium part?

A

Never tighten a titanium bolt into a titanium part to avoid galling

131
Q

What must be ensured when using hex keys or Torx wrenches?

A

They must be fully engaged in the bolt head to prevent rounding off

132
Q

What happens if open-end, box-end, or socket wrenches are not properly seated?

A

The bolt head will round off

133
Q

What is the consequence of not fully engaging splined wrenches?

A

The splines will be damaged or the tool will snap

134
Q

What should be done to pin spanners before exerting force?

A

Ensure they are fully seated in the pinholes

135
Q

What does the designation ‘M’ in front of bolt size numbers indicate?

A

It refers to the bolt shaft diameter in millimeters

136
Q

How can tightness be classified?

A

Into four levels

137
Q

Fill in the blank: A clean bike is a _______ bike.

A

happy

138
Q

What is the torque range for snug screws?

A

10-30 in-lbs or 1-3 N-m

Small setscrews, bearing-preload bolts, and screws into plastic parts need to be merely snug.

139
Q

What torque range is required for firmly tightened bolts?

A

30-80 in-lbs or 3-9 N-m

Small bolts like shoe-cleat bolts and cable anchor bolts need to be firmly tightened.

140
Q

What is the torque range for tight components?

A

80-240 in-lbs or 9-27 N-m

Components such as wheel axles and seat-post binder bolts need to be tight.

141
Q

What torque range is classified as really tight?

A

280-600 in-lbs or 31-68 N-m

Large parts like crankarm bolts and bottom-bracket cups need to be really tight.

142
Q

What is a common misconception about lubrication?

A

Expecting parts to work simply because they are lubricated

Lubricants can attract dirt and become gunky if not maintained properly.

143
Q

What happens if parts are washed but not lubricated?

A

They will get dry and squeaky.

144
Q

Why is it important to test-ride a bike after adjustments?

A

Parts behave differently under load.

145
Q

What is the maintenance schedule based on?

A

Number of rides

This approach is more relevant for mountain bikes than mileage.

146
Q

What factors influence the maintenance needs of a bike?

A

Bike condition, trail conditions, duration of rides, riding style

A bike used in wet conditions requires more frequent maintenance.

147
Q

What should you do after dripping oil on a moving part?

A

Wipe the area to remove excess oil.

148
Q

What is the first step to check before every ride?

A

Pull the brake levers to ensure they are working properly.

149
Q

What should you inspect on the tires before a ride?

A

Look for cuts, bulges, and worn tread.

150
Q

What should you check regarding the suspension after every ride?

A

Wipe the suspension shafts and pivots.

151
Q

What maintenance check should be performed every 5-10 rides?

A

Check chain wear with a chain-elongation gauge.

152
Q

What should you do if tire tread wear is excessive?

A

Replace the tire.

153
Q

How should you maintain mechanical disc brakes?

A

Drip light oil on lever pivots and arm pivot on calipers.

154
Q

What should you do if you notice noises during a ride?

A

Investigate the source of rattles, rubbing noises, or creaks.

155
Q

What is an important task to do if ridden in wet conditions?

A

Remove the seatpost and drain water.

156
Q

What should you do with crank bolts every 5-10 rides?

A

Check and tighten with a torque wrench.

157
Q

Fill in the blank: A bike used in ______ conditions requires more frequent maintenance.

A

wet

158
Q

What should be checked every 20-40 rides regarding the frame pump?

A

Check that frame pump works or that CO2 cartridges and inflator are in good condition.

159
Q

What should you check for in the spare inner tube every 20-40 rides?

A

Check condition and presence of appropriate tools in seat bag.

160
Q

What maintenance is recommended for derailleur pivots every 20-40 rides?

A

Drip chain lube on front and rear derailleur pivots.

161
Q

What should be done to derailleur jockey wheel bushings and seals every 20-40 rides?

A

Overhaul derailleur jockey wheel bushings and seals.

162
Q

What is the maintenance procedure for integrated-spindle bottom brackets?

A

Peel off bearing covers and add grease.

163
Q

What is the process for cleaning hydraulic brake pistons?

A

Clean the outside of the hydraulic disc pistons using the correct brake fluid.

164
Q

What should be checked regarding brake movement?

A

Check disc-brake operation for smooth return of brake pads and rim brakes for free rotation.

165
Q

What should be checked regarding rotor trueness?

A

Check rotor trueness and condition or rim brake-track wear.

166
Q

How often should wheel trueness be checked?

A

Check wheel trueness every 20-40 rides.

167
Q

What should be checked on rims every 20-40 rides?

A

Check rims for cracks, particularly at the spoke holes.

168
Q

What service should be performed on front and rear shocks every 20-40 rides?

A

Service front and rear shocks and perform rear shock air-sleeve service.

169
Q

What should be done to pedal bearings every 20-40 rides?

A

Overhaul pedal bearings and regrease.

170
Q

What maintenance is necessary for shift and brake cables?

A

Lubricate shift and brake cables.

171
Q

What should you do to the seatpost every 20-40 rides?

A

Remove and regrease seatpost.

172
Q

What should be checked regarding shoe cleats?

A

Check shoe cleats for wear and replace if needed.

173
Q

What maintenance should be done every 80-150 rides for the fork and rear shock?

A

Send fork and rear shock to rebuild or damper service.

174
Q

What should be done to bearings in various components every 80-150 rides?

A

Overhaul bearings in hubs, pedals, bottom brackets, and headsets.

175
Q

What should be done to cantilever and V-brakes every 80-150 rides?

A

Pull off their pivot bosses, regrease them, and reassemble.

176
Q

When should hydraulic brakes be bled?

A

Bleed hydraulic brakes more often if brake performance drops.

177
Q

What should be replaced every 80-150 rides regarding shift and brake cables?

A

Replace shift and brake cables and housings.

178
Q

What components should be replaced every 3-6 years?

A

Replace handlebar, stem, fork, rear shock, seatpost, and saddle.

MTB (11 decks)

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