Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Theories of Personality > M3 Week 12: Skinner > Flashcards

M3 Week 12: Skinner Flashcards

1
Q

Early pioneers of Behaviorism

A

E.L. Thorndike and John B. Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skinner’s Behavior analysis focused almost entirely on ________ behavior

A

observable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He earned the label _________ because of his strict adherence to an observable approach

A

RADICAL BEHAVIORISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Skinner is a determinist and an environmentalist.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRUE or FALSE
He rejected the notion of free will.

A

TRUE - Behavior can be studied lawfully scientifically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who recognized that genetic factors are important but he insists that because they are fixed at conception, they are of no help in the control of behavior

A

B.F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who held that psychology must not explain behavior based on the physiological or constitutional components of the organism but rather based on environmental stimuli

A

B.F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The history of the individual rather than anatomy provides the most useful data for predicting and controlling behavior

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________ was born on March 20, 1904, in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania

A

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The first child of William Skinner and Grace Mange Burrhus Skinner

A

B.F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Skinner grew up in a comfortable, happy, upper-middle-class home where his parents practiced the values of temperance, service, honesty, and hard work.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After reading the works of Watson and Pavlov, Skinner became determined to be a _______.

A

behaviorist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In 1933, Harvard created the _______, a program designed to promote creative thinking among young intellectually gifted men at the university. Skinner was selected as a Junior Fellow and spent the next 3 years doing more laboratory research.

A

Society of Fellows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skinner married ______ and had two daughters.

A

Yvonne Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Skinner’s Project ________ obtained him a grant from the University of Minnesota and financial aid from General Mills.

A

Pigeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Condition pigeons to make appropriate pecks on keys that would maneuver an explosive missile into an enemy target.

A

Project Pigeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The________ was another of his projects, an enclosed crib with a large window and a continual supply of fresh warm air.

A

Baby-tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It provided a physically and psychologically safe and healthy environment for his second daughter and freed the parents from unnecessary tedious labor.

A

Baby-tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE or FALSE
His frustrations with the Project Pigeon and the baby-tender let to a second identity crisis, this one at midlife.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 1945, Skinner became _________ at Indiana University.

A

Chair of the Psychology Department

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In the summer of 1945, he wrote ______. It was published 3 years later, the book provided its author with immediate therapy in the form of an emotional catharsis.

A

Walden Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A utopian novel that portrays a society in which problems were solved through behavioral engineering.

A

Walden Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE or FALSE
In 1948, Skinner returned to Harvard where he taught mostly in the College of Education and continued with some small experiments with pigeons.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In 1964, at age 60, he retired from ______ but retained faculty status.

A

Teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Skinner wrote several important books on human behavior and helped attain the status of _________
America's best-known living psychologist
26
Skinner received a Citation for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology, the only person to receive such an award in the history of ______.
APA
27
Other honors and awards of Skinner:
- William James Lecturer at Harvard - APA Distinguished Scientific Award - President's Medal of Science.
28
On August 18, 1990, Skinner died of _______
leukemia
29
Scientific influences: Learning takes place mostly because of the effects that follow a response.
El Thorndike LAW OF EFFECT
30
Scientific influences: Consciousness and introspection must play no role in the scientific study of human behavior.
JB Watsons LAW OF EFFECT
31
Scientific influences: The goal of psychology is the prediction and control of behavior and that goal could best be reached by limiting psychology to an objective study of habits formed through stimulus-response connections.
JB Watsons LAW OF EFFECT
32
Scientific influences: Stimuli that are followed immediately by a satisfier tend to be stamped in.
Satisfier (El Thorndike LAW OF EFFECT)
33
Scientific influences: Stimuli that are followed immediately by an annoyer tends to be stamped out.
Annoyer (El Thorndike LAW OF EFFECT)
34
Skinner called classical conditioning as ________
RESPONDENT CONDITIONING
35
A response is drawn out of the organism by a specific, identifiable stimulus.
CLASSICAL / RESPONDENT CONDITIONING
36
Operant conditioning also called ________
SKINNERIAN CONDITIONING
37
A behavior is made more likely to recur when it is immediately reinforced.
OPERANT / SKINNERIAN CONDITIONING
38
Behavior is elicited or drawn from the organism
Classical conditioning
39
Behavior is emitted or simple appears
Operant conditioning
40
TRUE or FALSE Emitted responses previously exist inside the organism
FALSE - they simply appear because of the organism's individual history of reinforcement or the species' evolutionary history.
41
A procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior itself.
Shaping
42
Breaking down the complex behavior into simple segments. After the behavior is learned, reinforcement need not follow every successful trial, the new ability or behavior becomes a reward in itself.
SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS
43
3 CONDITIONS (SHAPING)
A - Antecedent B - Behavior C - Consequences
44
Refers to the environment or setting in which the behavior takes place.
Antecedent
45
The response must be within the capacity and not interfered with by competing or antagonistic behaviors.
Behavior
46
Reward
Consequences
47
Increases the probability that the same behavior will occur again.
Reinforcement
48
It does not cause the behavior but it increases the likelihood that it will be repeated.
Reinforcement
49
2 EFFECTS (REINFORCEMENT)
1. It strengthens the behavior 2. It rewards the person *Not every behavior that is reinforced is rewarding or pleasing to the person.
50
Any stimulus that when added to a situation, increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is termed a positive reinforcer. Ex. Food, water, sex, money, social approval, physical comfort.
Positive Reinforcement
51
The removal of an aversive stimulus from a situation also increases the probability that the preceding behavior will occur.
Negative Reinforcement
52
TRUE or FALSE The effect of negative reinforcement is identical to that of positive reinforcement - both strengthen behavior.
TRUE
53
Negative reinforcement is not the same as _______.
Punishment
54
the presentation of an aversive stimulus, such as an electric shock, or the removal of a positive one such as disconnecting an adolescent's internet.
Punishment
55
It does not weaken the behavior. It is less predictable than reward.
Punishment
56
There are many problems with using punishment, such as:
1. Punished behavior is not forgotten, it's suppressed - behavior returns when punishment is no longer present. ` 2. Causes increased aggression - shows that aggression is a way to cope with problems. 3. Creates fear that can generalize to undesirable behaviors, e.g., fear of school. 4. Does not necessarily guide toward desired behavior - reinforcement tells you what to do, punishment only tells you what not to do.
57
5 Schedule of Reinforcement
1. Continuous Reinforcement 2. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement 3. Fixed Interval Reinforcement 4. Variable Ratio Reinforcement 5. Variable Interval Reinforcement
58
An animal/human is positively reinforced every time a specific behavior occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
59
- Response rate is SLOW - Extinction rate is FAST
Continuous Reinforcement
60
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: Every time a lever is pressed a pellet is delivered, and then food delivery is shut off.
Continuous Reinforcement
61
Behavior is reinforced only after the behavior occurs a specified number of times.
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement
62
- Response rate is FAST - Extinction rate is MEDIUM
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement
63
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: One reinforcement is given after every so many correct responses
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement
64
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: After every 5th response. For example, a child receives a star for every five words spelled correctly.
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement
65
One reinforcement is given after a fixed time interval providing at least one correct response has been made
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
66
- Response rate is MEDIUM - Extinction rate is MEDIUM
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
67
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: Being paid by the hour.
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
68
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: Every 15 minutes (half hour, hour, etc.) a pellet is delivered (providing at least one lever press has been made) then food delivery is shut off.
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
69
Behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of times.
Variable Ratio Reinforcement
70
- Response rate is FAST - Extinction rate is SLOW (very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability)
Variable Ratio Reinforcement
71
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: Gambling or fishing
Variable Ratio Reinforcement
72
Providing one correct response has been made, reinforcement is given after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Variable Interval Reinforcement
73
- Response rate is FAST - Extinction rate is SLOW
Variable Interval Reinforcement
74
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: On average every 5 minutes
Variable Interval Reinforcement
75
Schedule of Reinforcement: EX: A self-employed person being paid at unpredictable times.
Variable Interval Reinforcement
76
Critique of Skinner
* Ability to generate research - very high * Falsifiability - high * Organize - moderate * Guide to action - very high * Internal consistency - very high * Parsimonious - difficult to rate
77
Concept of Humanity
1. Deterministic 2. Optimistic 3. Causality 4. Unconscious 5. Uniqueness 6. Social
78
TRUE or FALSE According to Skinner's interviews, behavior modification is a technique used to propose positive rewards in changing behavior.
TRUE
79
TRUE or FALSE Token economy is a good reinforcement technique that you can use all the time as long as you please.
FALSE
80
TRUE or FALSE Introspection according to Skinner is good to look at but you can't get much out of it. There should be an explanation for behavior.
TRUE
81
TRUE or FALSE Is it true that Skinner used the Skinner Box to study her own daughter' behavior when they wree babies?
FALSE
82
TRUE or FALSE Skinner tried to train rats as funded research by the government to be used in the war.
FALSE - pigeons

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions