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Theories of Personality > M1 Week 4: Adler > Flashcards

M1 Week 4: Adler Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Adler denies his being a disciple of Freud

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE or FALSE
His theory was a direct opposition to Freud’s psychoanalysis

A

TRUE

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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Alder was initially a colleague of Freud who he helped establish psychoanalysis and was a founding member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

He published the _________ and _________ in 1907 which assumed that physical deficiencies, not sex formed the foundation of human motivation.

A

Study of Organ Inferiority & Its Psychical Compensations

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5
Q

In _____, he along with 9 other former members of the Freudian circle, he founded his own Society of Individual Psychology.

A

1912

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Adler served as President of the group for a time but left in part because of his disagreements with some of Freud’s theories.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Rely on the notion of _________,
a feeling of oneness with all humankind.

A

SOCIAL INTEREST

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8
Q

The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the __________.

A

STRIVING FOR SUCCESS OR SUPERIORITY

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9
Q

Has an _______ View of people

A

Optimistic

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE
People are responsible for who they are.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Present behavior is shaped by people’s
view of the future (TELEOLOGY)

A

TRUE

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychologically healthy people are
usually aware of what they are doing and why they are doing it.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Alfred Adler was born on ________ in Rudolfsheim, a village near Vienna

A

February 7, 1870

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14
Q

Mother, ________ was a hard-working homemaker with seven
children

A

Pauline

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15
Q

Father, ________ was a middle-class Jewish grain merchant from Hungary.

A

Leopold

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16
Q

At the age of 5, he nearly died of ________ because an older boy abandoned him while they were gone ice-skating.

A

pneumonia

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE
His near-death experience and the death of his younger brother motivated Adler to become a physician.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

He has an older brother named _______ who is stronger than him physically, became more successful businessman, and helped Alfred financially.

A

Sigmund

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19
Q

He joined the _______ army after his medical degree and then returned to Vienna for postgraduate study.

A

Hungarian

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20
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Private practice as eye specialist but turned to psychiatry and general medicine.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

While Adler lived in New York, she remained mostly in Vienna and promote __________ views that were different from Adler’s notion of individual freedom and responsibility.

A

Marxist-Lenninist

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Adler advocated for women’s rights. He is competitive and friendly at the same time.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

In May 28, 1937, Adler died of _______.

A

heart attack

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24
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Personality is unified and self-
consistent.

A

TRUE

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25
Q

STYLE OF LIFE is molded by people’s
__________.

A

CREATIVE POWER

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26
Q

The value of all human activity must be
seen from the _____________.

A

viewpoint of social interest

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27
Q

Adler influenced the following:

A
  1. Harry Stack Sullivan
  2. Karen Horney
  3. Julian Rotter
  4. Abraham Maslow
  5. Carl Rogers
  6. Albert Ellis
  7. Rollo May and others.
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28
Q

TRUE or FALSE
He was not particularly gifted
writer, most of his books were compiled by a series of editors using Adler’s scattered lectures.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

TRUE or FALSE
He was not able to establish a
tightly run organization to perpetuate his theories.

A

TRUE

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30
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Many of his views were
incorporated into the works of such later theorists as Maslow, Rogers, and Ellis and thus are no longer associated with Adler’s name.

A

TRUE

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31
Q

TRUE or FALSE
He soon abandoned this concept and focused on striving for superiority.

A

TRUE

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32
Q

Single drive

A

Striving for Success or Superiority

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33
Q

He rejected aggression which he previously believed in and used the term _________ which implied will to power or a domination of others.

A

MASCULINE PROTEST

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34
Q

Regardless of the motivation, each individual is guided by a _________.

A

final goal

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35
Q

Everyone begins life with physical deficiencies that activate feelings of __________

A

inferiority

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36
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychologically unhealthy individuals strive for personal superiority, whereas psychologically healthy people seek success for all humanity.

A

TRUE

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37
Q

Fictional and has no objective existence

A

Final Goal

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38
Q

It unified personality and renders all behavior comprehensible.

A

Final Goal

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39
Q

The goal is neither genetically nor environmentally determined. It is the product of ____________, people’s ability to freely shape their behavior and create their own personality.

A

CREATIVE POWER

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40
Q

Creative power developed by _______ of age and goals can be set by then.

A

4-5 years

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41
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Final goal reduces the pain of inferiority feelings and points that person in the direction of either superiority or success.

A

TRUE

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42
Q

Children who experience __________, would set a goal that is largely conscious and would pursue the goal with high level of awareness.

A

love and security

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43
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Neglected or pampered children retains their goal in the unconscious. Children will compensate for feelings of inferiority in devious ways that have no apparent relationship to their fictional goal.

A

TRUE

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44
Q

People pursue many _______ goals in striving for final goal

A

preliminary

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45
Q

_________ are often conscious but the connection between the final goal and subgoal usually remains unknown.

A

Subgoals

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46
Q

TRUE or FALSE
When the final goal is known all actions make sense and each subgoal takes on new significance.

A

TRUE

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47
Q

People are pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for completion.

A

Compensation

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48
Q

Each person must actualize potential in their own manner.

A

Compensation

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49
Q

Age _____, children begin this process by setting direction to the striving force and by establishing a goal either of personal superiority or of social success.

A

4-5

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50
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Success is not a mirror image of the deficiency. Ex. Frail body may excel in arts.

A

TRUE

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51
Q

Success is an individualized concept, and all people formulate their own definition of it.

A

Compensation

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52
Q

__________ is responsible for people’s personality. It is shaped by heredity and environment.

A

Creative Power

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53
Q

potentiality

A

Heredity

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54
Q

development of social interest
and courage

A

Environment

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55
Q

Exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority or the presence of ___________.

A

INFERIORITY COMPLEX

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56
Q

Striving for superiority with little or no concern for others

A

Striving for Personal Superiority

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57
Q

People who are motivated by social interest and the success of all humankind.

A

Striving for Success

58
Q

Natural tendency to move toward completion or perfection.

A

Striving for Success

59
Q

Maintain a sense of self

A

Striving for Success

60
Q

Social progress is more important than personal credit.

A

Striving for Success

61
Q

Sense of personal worth is tied to their contributions to human society.

A

Striving for Success

62
Q

The way people strive for superiority or success is not shaped by reality but by their subjective perceptions of reality of fictions or expectations of the future.

A

Subjective Perceptions

63
Q

The most important fiction is the goal of superiority or success.

A

Fictionalism

64
Q

behavior in terms of its final purpose or aim. Concerned with future goals

A

Teleology

65
Q

behavior as springing from a specific cause. Deals with past experiences.

A

Causality

66
Q

People act as if they are still small, weak, and inferior just like when they were younger.

A

Physical Inferiorities

67
Q

Adler believes that we all have __________.
People compensate for feelings of inferiority by moving toward psychological health. Some overcompensate by retreating from other people.

A

ORGAN INFERIORITIES

68
Q

Adler believed that each person is unique and indivisible.

A

Unity and Self-Consistency

69
Q

refers to somatic signs and symptoms that express an individual’s attitudes and opinions.

A

Organ Dialect or Organ Jargon

70
Q

Harmony between conscious and unconscious. Unconscious part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated not completely understood by the individual.

A

Conscious and Unconscious

71
Q

TRUE or FALSE
GEMEINSCHAFTSGEFŰHL German word better translated as “social feeling” or “community feeling”.

A

TRUE

72
Q

A feeling of oneness with all humanity; implies membership in the social community of all people.

A

Social Interest

73
Q

Attitude related to humanity

A

Social Interest

74
Q

Originates from the mother-child relationship during the early months of infancy. The father is a second important person in a child’s social environment.

A

Social Interest

75
Q

Flavor of a person’s life. Includes a person’s goal, self-concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world.

A

Style of Life

76
Q

Established at 4-5 years

A

Style of Life

77
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychologically unhealthy individuals often lead
inflexible lives that are marked by an inability to choose new ways of reacting to their environment.

A

TRUE

78
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychologically healthy people behave in diverse and flexible ways with styles of life that are complex, enriched and changing.

A

TRUE

79
Q

Express their social interest through action.

A

Style of Life

80
Q

Struggle to solve major problems in life:

A
  1. Neighborly love
  2. Sexual love
  3. Occupation
81
Q

Use cooperation, personal courage and willingness to make a contribution to the welfare of another.

A

Style of Life

82
Q

Every person is empowered with the freedom to create her or his own style of life.

A

Creative Power

83
Q

Creative power is ________ concept implying movement. Movement towards a goal or direction.

A

adynamic

84
Q

Neurotics tend to:

A
  1. Set their goals too high
  2. Live in their own private world
  3. Have a rigid and dogmatic style of life
85
Q

_______ is caused by underdeveloped social interest.

A

Maladjustment

86
Q

They live a life of __________. They find
everyday living to be hard work, requiring great effort.

A

PRIVATE MEANING

87
Q

People become failure because they are overconcerned with themselves and care little about others.

A

Abnormal Development

88
Q

Maladjusted people set extravagant goals to
overcompensate with exaggerated feelings of inferiority. The higher the goals, the more rigid the striving.

A

Abnormal Development

89
Q

Congenital deficiencies or injury are not sufficient to contribute to maladjustment, but it must be accentuated feelings of inferiority.

A

Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies

90
Q

They are convinced that life’s major problems can be solved only in a selfish manner.

A

Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies

91
Q

External Factors of Maladjustment

A
  1. Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies
  2. Pampered Style of Life
  3. Neglected Style of Life
92
Q

The heart of most neuroses.

A

Pampered Style of Life

93
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Pampered people have weak social interest but a strong desire to perpetuate the pampered, parasitic relationship they originally had with one or both of their parents. They expect others to look after them overprotect them and satisfy their needs.

A

TRUE

94
Q

Children who feel unloved and unwanted would likely borrow heavily from feelings of neglect.

A

Neglected Style of Life

95
Q

No one feels totally neglected or completely unwanted.

A

Neglected Style of Life

96
Q

They have little confidence in themselves and tend to overestimate difficulties connected with life’s major problems.

A

Neglected Style of Life

97
Q

Characteristics are generally more suspicious and more likely to be dangerous to others.

A

Neglected Style of Life

98
Q

People create patterns of behavior to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace.

A

Safeguarding Tendencies

99
Q

Formed as a protection against anxiety

A

Safeguarding Tendencies

100
Q

protective devises enable people to hide their inflated self-image and to maintain their current style of life.

A

Safeguarding Tendencies

101
Q

Largely conscious and only present when constructing neurotic symptoms.

A

Safeguarding Tendencies

102
Q

The most common safeguarding tendencies.

A

EXCUSES

103
Q

Expressed in “Yes, but” or “If only” format.

A

EXCUSES

104
Q

May take the form of depreciation, accusation, or self-accusation.

A

AGGRESSION

105
Q

The tendency to undervalue other
people’s achievements and to overvalue one’s own. (criticism and gossip)

A

Depreciation

106
Q

Tendency to blame others for one’s
failures and to seek revenge.

A

Accusation

107
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Adler believed that there is an element of aggressive accusation in all unhealthy lifestyles.

A

TRUE

108
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Unhealthy people invariably act to cause the people around them to suffer more than they do.

A

TRUE

109
Q

Marked by self-torture and guilt,
masochism, depression, and suicide as a means of hurting people who are close to them.

A

Self-accusation

110
Q

People devalue themselves in order to inflict suffering on others while protecting their own magnified feelings of self-esteem.

A

Self-accusation

111
Q

Safeguarding Tendencies

A
  1. EXCUSES
  2. AGGRESSION
    - Depreciation
    - Accusation
    - Self-accusation
  3. WITHDRAWAL
112
Q

People run away from difficulties. Safeguarding through distance. People unconsciously escape life’s problems by setting up a distance between themselves and those problems.

A

WITHDRAWAL

113
Q

4 Modes of Withdrawal

A
  1. Moving backward
  2. Standing Still
  3. Hesitating
  4. Constructing Obstacles
114
Q

Psychologically reverting to a more
secure period of life. (Regression)

A

Moving backward

115
Q

Simply do not move in any direction. Avoids all responsibilities by ensuring themselves against any thereat of failure. They never do anything to prove that they cannot accomplish their goals.

A

Standing Still

116
Q

Procrastination as an excuse. “It’s too late now”. Attempts to waste time. It allows neurotic individuals to preserve their inflated sense of self-esteem.

A

Hesitating

117
Q

Overcoming obstacle, that they themselves build thus protect their self-esteem and their prestige.

A

Constructing Obstacles

118
Q

The behavior of women who reject traditional feminine roles in favor of more masculine ones. And one big reason that women (and men, too) reject roles is because they want to gain power and feel more dominant in a situation.

A

Masculine Protest

119
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Adler believed that the psychic life of women
is essentially the same as men. The male-dominated society is not natural but rather an artificial project of historical development.

A

TRUE

120
Q

Cultural and social practices, not anatomy
influence many men and women to overemphasize the importance of being manly.

A

Masculine Protest

121
Q

Intensified feelings of power and superiority, high anxiety and overprotective tendencies.

A

Firstborn Children

122
Q

Family Constellation

A
  1. Firstborn Children
  2. Second born Children
  3. Youngest Children
  4. Only Children
123
Q

Their personalities are shaped by their perception of the older child’s attitude toward them.

A

Second born Children

124
Q

Better situation in developing cooperation and social interest.

A

Second born Children

125
Q

Most pampered one. Run a high risk of being problem children. Likely to have strong feelings of inferiority and lack of sense of independence.

A

Youngest Children

126
Q

Compete against father and mother. Often develop an exaggerated sense of superiority and an inflated self-concept. May lack well-developed feelings of cooperation and social interest, possess a parasitic attitude, and expect other people to pamper and protect them.

A

Only Children

127
Q

Recalled memories yield clues for understanding patients’ style of life, but have no causal effect.

A

Early Recollections

128
Q

People reconstruct the events to make them consistent with a theme or pattern that runs throughout their lives.

A

Early Recollections

129
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Early recollections are always consistent with people’s present style of life and their subjective account of experiences yields clues to understanding their final goal and present style of life.

A

TRUE

130
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Dreams cannot foretell the future.

A

TRUE

131
Q

They provide clues for solving future
problems.

A

Dreams

132
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Most dreams are self-deceptions
and not easily understood by the dreamer making self-interpretation difficult.

A

TRUE

133
Q

Everything can be different. If one
interpretation doesn’t feel right, try another.

A

Dreams

134
Q

Uses humor and warmth to increase patient’s courage, self-esteem, and social interest.

A

Psychotherapy

135
Q

Treats children in front of an audience of parents, teachers and health professionals. When children receive therapy in public they more readily understand that their problems are community problems.

A

Psychotherapy

136
Q

He maintains friendly and permissive attitude toward the patient, refrained from moralistic preaching and placed great value on the human relationship.

A

Psychotherapy

137
Q

The therapeutic relationship awakens their social interest in the same manner that children gain social interest from their parents.

A

Psychotherapy

138
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychopathology results from lack of courage, exaggerated feelings of inferiority and underdeveloped social interest.

A

TRUE

139
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Purpose of therapy is to enhance courage, lessen feelings of inferiority and encourage social interest.

A

TRUE

140
Q

Critique of Adler

A
  • The theory is not easily falsifiable.
  • Above average on ability to generate research.
  • High of organize knowledge.
  • High on guide’s action
  • Internally consistent, low
  • Average on Parsimony
141
Q

Concept of Humanity

A
  • Free Choice
  • Conscious
  • Teleology
  • Optimism
  • Social
  • Unique

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

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