Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Theories of Personality > M3 Week 11: Allport > Flashcards

M3 Week 11: Allport Flashcards

1
Q

_______ believed that attempts to describe people in terms of general traits rob them of their unique individuality.

A

Allport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

study of the individual.

A

MORPHOGENIC SCIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gather data on a single individual

A

MORPHOGENIC SCIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_______ methods, gather data on groups of people.

A

NOMOTHETIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ in theory building. No one theory can adequately explain the total growing and unique personality.

A

ECLECTIC APPROACH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allport considered ________ to be predispositions to respond, in the same or a similar manner, to different kinds of stimuli.

A

personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_________ are consistent and enduring ways of reacting to our environment.

A

Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Personality traits are real and exist within each of us. They are not theoretical constructs or labels made up to account for behavior.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits determine or cause behavior. They do not arise only in response to certain stimuli. They motivate us to seek appropriate stimuli, and they interact with the environment to produce behavior.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits can be demonstrated empirically. By observing behavior over time, we can infer the existence of traits in the consistency of a person’s responses to the same or similar stimuli.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits are interrelated; they may overlap, even though they represent different characteristics. For example, aggressiveness and hostility are distinct but related traits and are frequently observed to occur together in a person’s behavior.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits vary with the situation. For example, a person may display the trait of neatness in one situation and the trait of disorderliness in another situation.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Allport identified how many trait names are in the English language dictionary

A

18,000 trait names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allport proposed two types of traits:

A
  1. individual
  2. common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______ traits are unique to a person and define his or her character.

A

Individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

________ traits are shared by several people, such as the members of a culture. It follows that people in different cultures will have different common traits.

A

Common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Common traits are also likely to change over time as social standards and values change. This demonstrates that common traits are subject to social, environmental, and cultural influences.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

A
  1. COMMON TRAIT
  2. PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A general characteristics held in common by many people. Shared by people

A

COMMON TRAIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

They can be inferred from factor analytic studies or revealed in personality inventories.

A

COMMON TRAIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Provides how people within a given culture can be compared to one another.

A

COMMON TRAIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Importance to make comparisons among people.

A

COMMON TRAIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

permits researchers to study a single individual.

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a generalized neuropsychic structure (peculiar to the individual)

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent and to initiate and guide consistent forms of adaptive and stylistic behavior.
PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
26
Each person has 10 or fewer personal dispositions. If tendencies are included, then each person may have hundreds of personal dispositions.
PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
27
3 PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
1. CARDINAL TRAIT 2. CENTRAL TRAIT 3. SECONDARY TRAIT
28
This trait is so pervasive and influential that it touches almost every aspect of a person’s life.
CARDINAL TRAIT
29
It is a ruling passion, a powerful force that dominates behavior.
CARDINAL TRAIT
30
Examples of sadism and chauvinism. Not everyone has a ruling passion, and those who do may not display it in every situation.
CARDINAL TRAIT
31
Allport’s examples are aggressiveness, self-pity, and cynicism.
CENTRAL TRAIT
32
These are the kinds of characteristics we would mention when discussing a friend’s personality or writing a letter of recommendation.
CENTRAL TRAIT
33
Everyone has a few ________, some 5 to 10 themes that best describe our behavior.
CENTRAL TRAIT
34
The least influential individual traits appear much less consistently than cardinal and central traits.
SECONDARY TRAIT
35
This trait is so inconspicuous or weak that only a close friend would notice evidence of them
SECONDARY TRAIT
36
They may include, for example, a minor preference for a particular type of music or for a certain food.
SECONDARY TRAIT
37
refers to those behaviors and characteristics that people regard as warm, central and important in their lives.
Proprium
38
includes values as well as that part of the conscience that is personal and consistent with one's adult beliefs.
Proprium
39
Allports term for the ego or self
Proprium
40
Most people are motivated by present drives rather than by past events.
Motivation
41
__________ those that reduce a need.
PERIPHERAL MOTIVES
42
__________ seek to maintain tension and disequilibrium
PROPRIATE STRIVINGS
43
3 LEVELS OF FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY
1. Functional Autonomy 2. Perseverative Functional Autonomy 3. Propriate Functional Autonomy
44
The idea that motives in the normal, mature adult are independent of the childhood experiences in which they originally appeared.
Functional Autonomy
45
What begins as one motive may grow into a new one that is historically continuous with the original but functionally autonomous from it.
Functional Autonomy
46
EX: A person may originally plant a garden to satisfy a hunger drive but eventually become interested in gardening for its own sake.
Functional Autonomy
47
EX: A tree. It is obvious that the tree’s development can be traced back to its seed. Yet when the tree is fully grown, the seed is no longer required as a source of nourishment. The tree is now self-determining, no longer functionally related to its seed.
Functional Autonomy
48
tendency of an impression to leave an influence on subsequent experience.
Perseverative Functional Autonomy
49
refers to those habits and behaviors that are not part of the self or one's proprium
Perseverative Functional Autonomy
50
The level of functional autonomy that relates to low-level and routine behaviors.
Perseverative Functional Autonomy
51
EX: A rat run a maze in order in order to find food later on run the maze just for
Perseverative Functional Autonomy
52
The word propriate derives from proprium, Allport’s term for the ego or self.
Propriate Functional Autonomy
53
________ motives are unique to each individual.
Propriate
54
The ego determines which motives will be maintained and which will be discarded.
Propriate Functional Autonomy
55
We retain motives that enhance our self-esteem or self-image. Thus, a direct relationship exists between our interests and our abilities: We enjoy doing what we do well.
Propriate Functional Autonomy
56
EX: Learning a piano that you may have nothing to do with our interests. As we become proficient, we may become more committed to playing the piano. The original motive (fear of parental displeasure) has disappeared, and the continued behavior of playing the piano becomes necessary to our self-image.
Propriate Functional Autonomy
57
STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL
Morphogenic Science
58
Morphogenic Science Two scientific approaches:
1. NOMOTHETIC seeks general laws 2. IDIOGRAPHIC refers to that which is peculiar to the single case.
59
pertain to the individual, refers to patterned properties of the whole organism, and allows for intra-person comparisons
MORPHOGENIC
60
Methods of Morphogenic
1. Verbatim recordings 2. interviews 3. dreams 4. confessions 5. diaries 6. letters 7. questionnaires 8. expressive documents 9. projective documents 10. literary works 11. art forms 12. automatic writings 13. doodles 14. handshakes 15. voice patterns 16. body gestures 17. handwriting 18. gait and autobiographies.
61
self-rating scales, adjective checklist; standardized tests in which people are compared to themselves rather than a norm group.
Semimorphogenic approach
62
The richest source of data is _________.
own self-knowledge
63
Critique of Allport
More philosophical speculation and common sense rather than scientific. Carefully borrowing from older theories. Clear thinking and precise, careful in defining terms and categorizing definitions. * GENERATE RESEARCH - moderate * FALSIFIABILITY - low due to religious orientation * ORGANIZATION FOR OBSERVATION - moderate * GUIDE FOR THE PRACTITIONER - moderate * INTERNAL CONSISTENCY - high * PARSIMONIOUS - high
64
Concept of Humanity
1. OPTIMISTIC 2. UNCONSCIOUS AND CONSCIOUS 3. PEOPLE ARE NOT COMPLETELY FREE 4. BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY 5. TELEOLOGY 6. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions