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Theories of Personality > M3 Week 11: Allport > Flashcards

M3 Week 11: Allport Flashcards

1
Q

_______ believed that attempts to describe people in terms of general traits rob them of their unique individuality.

A

Allport

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2
Q

study of the individual.

A

MORPHOGENIC SCIENCE

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3
Q

gather data on a single individual

A

MORPHOGENIC SCIENCE

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4
Q

_______ methods, gather data on groups of people.

A

NOMOTHETIC

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5
Q

_________ in theory building. No one theory can adequately explain the total growing and unique personality.

A

ECLECTIC APPROACH

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6
Q

Allport considered ________ to be predispositions to respond, in the same or a similar manner, to different kinds of stimuli.

A

personality traits

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7
Q

_________ are consistent and enduring ways of reacting to our environment.

A

Traits

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Personality traits are real and exist within each of us. They are not theoretical constructs or labels made up to account for behavior.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits determine or cause behavior. They do not arise only in response to certain stimuli. They motivate us to seek appropriate stimuli, and they interact with the environment to produce behavior.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits can be demonstrated empirically. By observing behavior over time, we can infer the existence of traits in the consistency of a person’s responses to the same or similar stimuli.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits are interrelated; they may overlap, even though they represent different characteristics. For example, aggressiveness and hostility are distinct but related traits and are frequently observed to occur together in a person’s behavior.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Traits vary with the situation. For example, a person may display the trait of neatness in one situation and the trait of disorderliness in another situation.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Allport identified how many trait names are in the English language dictionary

A

18,000 trait names

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14
Q

Allport proposed two types of traits:

A
  1. individual
  2. common
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15
Q

______ traits are unique to a person and define his or her character.

A

Individual

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16
Q

________ traits are shared by several people, such as the members of a culture. It follows that people in different cultures will have different common traits.

A

Common

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Common traits are also likely to change over time as social standards and values change. This demonstrates that common traits are subject to social, environmental, and cultural influences.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

2 STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

A
  1. COMMON TRAIT
  2. PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
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19
Q

A general characteristics held in common by many people. Shared by people

A

COMMON TRAIT

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20
Q

They can be inferred from factor analytic studies or revealed in personality inventories.

A

COMMON TRAIT

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21
Q

Provides how people within a given culture can be compared to one another.

A

COMMON TRAIT

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22
Q

Importance to make comparisons among people.

A

COMMON TRAIT

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23
Q

permits researchers to study a single individual.

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

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24
Q

a generalized neuropsychic structure (peculiar to the individual)

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

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25
Q

with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent and to initiate and guide consistent forms of adaptive and stylistic behavior.

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

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26
Q

Each person has 10 or fewer personal dispositions. If tendencies are included, then each person may have hundreds of personal dispositions.

A

PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

27
Q

3 PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS

A
  1. CARDINAL TRAIT
  2. CENTRAL TRAIT
  3. SECONDARY TRAIT
28
Q

This trait is so pervasive and influential that it touches almost every aspect of a person’s life.

A

CARDINAL TRAIT

29
Q

It is a ruling passion, a powerful force that dominates behavior.

A

CARDINAL TRAIT

30
Q

Examples of sadism and chauvinism.
Not everyone has a ruling passion, and those who do may not display it in every situation.

A

CARDINAL TRAIT

31
Q

Allport’s examples are aggressiveness, self-pity, and cynicism.

A

CENTRAL TRAIT

32
Q

These are the kinds of characteristics we would mention when discussing a friend’s personality or writing a letter of recommendation.

A

CENTRAL TRAIT

33
Q

Everyone has a few ________, some 5 to 10 themes that best describe our behavior.

A

CENTRAL TRAIT

34
Q

The least influential individual traits appear much less consistently than cardinal and central traits.

A

SECONDARY TRAIT

35
Q

This trait is so inconspicuous or weak that only a close friend would notice evidence of them

A

SECONDARY TRAIT

36
Q

They may include, for example, a minor preference for a particular type of music or for a certain food.

A

SECONDARY TRAIT

37
Q

refers to those behaviors and characteristics that people regard as warm, central and important in their lives.

38
Q

includes values as well as that part of the conscience that is
personal and consistent with one’s adult beliefs.

39
Q

Allports term for the ego or self

40
Q

Most people are motivated by present drives rather than by past events.

A

Motivation

41
Q

__________ those that reduce a need.

A

PERIPHERAL MOTIVES

42
Q

__________ seek to maintain tension and disequilibrium

A

PROPRIATE STRIVINGS

43
Q

3 LEVELS OF FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY

A
  1. Functional Autonomy
  2. Perseverative Functional Autonomy
  3. Propriate Functional Autonomy
44
Q

The idea that motives in the normal, mature adult are independent of the childhood experiences in which they originally appeared.

A

Functional Autonomy

45
Q

What begins as one motive may grow into a new one that is historically continuous with the original but functionally autonomous from it.

A

Functional Autonomy

46
Q

EX: A person may originally plant a garden to satisfy a hunger drive but eventually become interested in gardening for its own sake.

A

Functional Autonomy

47
Q

EX: A tree. It is obvious that the tree’s development can be traced back to its seed. Yet when the tree is fully grown, the seed is no longer required as a source of nourishment. The tree is now self-determining, no longer functionally related to its seed.

A

Functional Autonomy

48
Q

tendency of an impression to leave an influence on subsequent experience.

A

Perseverative Functional Autonomy

49
Q

refers to those habits and behaviors that are not part of the self or one’s proprium

A

Perseverative Functional Autonomy

50
Q

The level of functional autonomy that relates to low-level and routine behaviors.

A

Perseverative Functional Autonomy

51
Q

EX: A rat run a maze in order in order to find food later on run the maze just for

A

Perseverative Functional Autonomy

52
Q

The word propriate derives from proprium, Allport’s term for the ego or self.

A

Propriate Functional Autonomy

53
Q

________ motives are unique to each individual.

54
Q

The ego determines which motives will be maintained and which will be discarded.

A

Propriate Functional Autonomy

55
Q

We retain motives that enhance our self-esteem or self-image. Thus, a direct relationship exists between our interests and our abilities: We enjoy doing what we do well.

A

Propriate Functional Autonomy

56
Q

EX: Learning a piano that you may have nothing to do with our interests. As we become proficient, we may become more committed to playing the piano. The original motive (fear of parental displeasure) has disappeared, and the continued behavior of playing the piano becomes necessary to our self-image.

A

Propriate Functional Autonomy

57
Q

STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL

A

Morphogenic Science

58
Q

Morphogenic Science
Two scientific approaches:

A
  1. NOMOTHETIC seeks general laws
  2. IDIOGRAPHIC refers to that which is peculiar to the single case.
59
Q

pertain to the individual, refers to patterned properties of the whole organism, and allows for intra-person comparisons

A

MORPHOGENIC

60
Q

Methods of Morphogenic

A
  1. Verbatim recordings
  2. interviews
  3. dreams
  4. confessions
  5. diaries
  6. letters
  7. questionnaires
  8. expressive documents
  9. projective documents
  10. literary works
  11. art forms
  12. automatic writings
  13. doodles
  14. handshakes
  15. voice patterns
  16. body gestures
  17. handwriting
  18. gait and autobiographies.
61
Q

self-rating scales, adjective checklist; standardized tests in which people are compared to themselves rather than a norm group.

A

Semimorphogenic approach

62
Q

The richest source of data is _________.

A

own self-knowledge

63
Q

Critique of Allport

A

More philosophical speculation and common sense rather than scientific. Carefully borrowing from older theories. Clear thinking and precise, careful in defining terms and categorizing definitions.

  • GENERATE RESEARCH - moderate
  • FALSIFIABILITY - low due to religious orientation
  • ORGANIZATION FOR OBSERVATION - moderate
  • GUIDE FOR THE PRACTITIONER - moderate
  • INTERNAL CONSISTENCY - high
  • PARSIMONIOUS - high
64
Q

Concept of Humanity

A
  1. OPTIMISTIC
  2. UNCONSCIOUS AND CONSCIOUS
  3. PEOPLE ARE NOT COMPLETELY FREE
  4. BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY
  5. TELEOLOGY
  6. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

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