M2 Week 8: Rogers

Question 1

A form of psychotherapy that has generated an enormous amount of research and is widely used today in counseling situations

Answer 1

Person- centered therapy

Question 2

Who made the framework for the patient–therapist relationship?

Answer 2

Carl Rogers

Question 3

TRUE or FALSE
Rogers did not develop his theory from experimental research conducted in laboratories, but rather from his experiences working with patients, or clients as he preferred to call them.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

It is rooted in _______, which Rogers made the framework for the patient–therapist relationship.

Answer 4

humanistic psychology

Question 5

Rogers’ concept of humanity remained unchanged from early _______ until his death in 1987.

Answer 5

1940s

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE
Rogers’ therapy and theory underwent several changes in name

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

His parents promoted their influence in subtle and loving ways, as _________ later did in his non-directive approach to counseling.

Answer 7

Rogers

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE
Rogers spent the years 1945 to 1957 at the University of Chicago, teaching and developing the Counseling Center.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the ________ in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as the reduction of tension between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, and Jews and Arabs in the Middle East.

Answer 9

Western Behavioral Sciences Institute

Question 10

Rogers served as president of the American Psychological Association in ______ and received that organization’s Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award and Distinguished Professional Contribution Award.

Answer 10

1946

Question 11

ROGERS’ TWO BROAD ASSUMPTIONS

Answer 11

1. FORMATIVE TENDENCY
2. ACTUALIZING TENDENCY

Question 12

tendency for all matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms.

Answer 12

FORMATIVE TENDENCY

Question 13

Creative process is in operation in our universe rather than disintegrative.

Answer 13

FORMATIVE TENDENCY

Question 14

tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials.

Answer 14

ACTUALIZING TENDENCY

Question 15

it is the only motive people possess.

Answer 15

ACTUALIZING TENDENCY

Question 16

Conditions of Actualizing Tendency (necessary and sufficient)

Answer 16

1. Congruent or Authentic
2. Empathy
3. Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 17

Only _____ have a concept of self and a potential for self-actualizing tendency

Answer 17

humans

Question 18

According to Rogers, it is the tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness.

Answer 18

SELF -ACTUALIZAT ION

Question 19

TWO SELF SUB-SYSTEM

Answer 19

1. SELF-CONCEPT
2. IDEAL SELF

Question 20

includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

Answer 20

SELF-CONCEPT

Question 21

experiences that are inconsistent with their self-concept usually are either denied or accepted only in distorted forms.

Answer 21

SELF-CONCEPT

Question 22

It may be changed although difficult. Change happen if there is acceptance by others that reduce anxiety and threat and taking ownership of previously rejected experiences.

Answer 22

SELF-CONCEPT

Question 23

one’s view of self as one wishes to be.

Answer 23

IDEAL SELF

Question 24

contains all those attributes, usually positive that people aspire to possess.

Answer 24

IDEAL SELF

Question 25

a wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept

Answer 25

INCONGRUENCE

Question 26

Unhealthy personality

Answer 26

INCONGRUENCE

Question 27

the symbolic representation of some portion of our experience.

Answer 27

Awareness

Question 28

LEVELS OF AWARENESS

Answer 28

1. IGNORED OR DENIED EXPERIENCE
2. ACCURATE SYMBOLISM
3. DISTORTED FORM

Question 29

difficulty accepting genuine compliments and
positive feedback, even when deserved.

Answer 29

DENIAL OF POSITIVE EXPERIENCES

Question 30

distorted because the person distrusts the giver, or they may be denied because the recipient does not feel deserving of them. Compliment carries an implied threat possibility of criticism or condemnation.

Answer 30

DENIAL OF POSITIVE EXPERIENCES

Question 31

PROCESS OF BECOMING A PERSON

Answer 31

1. Make contact (positive or negative) with another person.
2. Experience POSITIVE REGARD (need to be loved, liked or accepted by another person)
3. Develop POSITIVE SELF-REGARD - the experience of prizing or valuing one’s self.
   * receiving positive regard from others is necessary for positive self-regard, once it is established, it becomes independent of the continual need to be loved.

Question 32

psychological disequilibrium begins when we fail
to recognize our organismic experience into awareness because they are inconsistent with our self-concept

Answer 32

INCONGRUENCE

Question 33

This is the source of psychological disorders.

Answer 33

INCONGRUENCE

Question 34

unaware of the discrepancy making

Answer 34

VULNERABILITY

Question 35

may represent steps toward psychological health, they signal inconsistencies.

Answer 35

ANXIETY AND THREAT

Question 36

BARRIERS TO PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

Answer 36

1. CONDITIONS OF WORTH
2. INCONGRUENCE
3. DEFENSIVENESS
4. DISORGANIZATION

Question 37

people perceive that they are loved and accepted only if they meet people’s expectations and approval.
It arises if the positive regard of a significant other is conditional.

Answer 37

CONDITIONS OF WORTH

Question 38

our perceptions of other people’s view of us. This prevents us from being completely open to our own experiences.

Answer 38

EXTERNAL EVALUATIONS

Question 39

the protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it.

Answer 39

DEFENSIVENESS

Question 40

we misinterpret an experience in order to fit it into some aspect of our self-concept. We perceive the experience in awareness but we fail to understand its true meaning.

Answer 40

DISTORTION

Question 41

we refuse to perceive an experience in awareness or at least we keep some aspect of it from reaching symbolization.

Answer 41

DENIAL

Question 42

if defenses fail and behavior becomes disorganized or psychotic.

Answer 42

DISORGANIZATION

Question 43

People are vulnerable to ______ during therapy, especially if a therapist accurately interprets their actions and also insists that they face the experience prematurely.

Answer 43

DISORGANIZATION

Question 44

Rogers is uncomfortable with _________ words, preferred to speak of __________ behaviors that conveys psychological maladjustment

Answer 44

NEUROTIC and PSYCHOTIC ; DEFENSIVE and DISORGANIZED

Question 45

patients must come into contact with a therapist who is congruent and whom they perceive as providing an atmosphere of unconditional acceptance and accurate empathy.

Answer 45

PSYCHOTHERAPY

Question 46

CONDITIONS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
(necessary and sufficient)

Answer 46

1. Therapist must be congruent, possesses empathy and unconditional positive regard for the client.
2. Client must perceive these characteristics in the therapist.
3. Contact between client and therapist must be of some duration.

Question 47

among the three is more basic. It is a general quality possessed by the therapist, the other two conditions are specific feelings or attitudes that the therapist has for an individual client.

Answer 47

CONGRUENCE

Question 48

to be congruent means to be:

Answer 48

1. real and genuine
2. whole or integrated.

Question 49

__________ involves feelings, awareness and expression.

Answer 49

CONGRUENCE

Question 50

therapist experience warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client.

Answer 50

UNCONDITIONAL POSITVE REGARD

Question 51

does not evaluate client nor do they accept one action and reject another.

Answer 51

UNCONDITIONAL POSITVE REGARD

Question 52

there is a close relationship and that the therapist sees the client as an important person.

Answer 52

Regard

Question 53

indicates that the direction of the relationship is toward warm and caring feelings

Answer 53

Positive

Question 54

suggests that the positive regard is no longer dependent on specific client behaviors and does not have to be continually earned.

Answer 54

Unconditional

Question 55

__________ exist when therapists accurately sense the feelings of their clients and are able to communicate these perceptions so that clients know that another person has entered their world of feelings without prejudice, projection or evaluation.

Answer 55

empathy

Question 56

“temporarily living in the other’s life, moving about in it delicately without making judgments”

Answer 56

EMPATHIC LISTENING

Question 57

therapist check the accuracy of their sensing by trying them out on the client.

Answer 57

EMPATHIC LISTENING

Question 58

________ enables clients to listen to themselves and in effect become their own therapists.

Answer 58

empathy

Question 59

feeling with the client not for the client

Answer 59

EMPATHIC LISTENING

Question 60

uses both emotion and cognitive.

Answer 60

EMPATHIC LISTENING

Question 61

therapist does not take ownership of the client’s experiences.

Answer 61

EMPATHIC LISTENING

Question 62

Critique of Rogers

Answer 62

1. GENERATE RESEARCH - moderate
2. FALSIFIABILITY - high
3. GUIDE FOR PRACTICAL PROBLEMS - high
4. ORGANIZE KNOWLEDGE - high
5. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY - high
6. PARSIMONY - moderate

Question 63

Roger’s Concept of Humanity

Answer 63

1. FREE CHOICE - people can be self-directed.
2. OPTIMISTIC - people can move forward to growth and self-actualization
3. TELEOLOGY - people strive toward goals that they freely set for themselves.
4. UNIQUENESS - people grow in their own fashion to a more full functioning.
5. SOCIAL - psychological growth is not automatic.
6. CONSCIOUS - emphasized awareness.