M2 Week 8: Maslow Flashcards
1
Q
The oldest of seven children, born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York.
A
Maslow
2
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Maslow’s childhood was not pleasant. Isolated and
unhappy. He grew up without close friends or loving parents.
A
TRUE
3
Q
Maslow’s teenage years is marked by _______
A
inferiority complex
4
Q
Maslow married his cousin _______. They were married when he was 20 and she was 19.
A
Bertha
5
Q
At Wisconsin, Maslow found the behavioral psychology of _______
A
John B. Watson
6
Q
A leader of the revolution to make psychology a science of behavior.
A
John B. Watson
7
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Maslow believed that behaviorism could solve all the world’s problems
A
TRUE
8
Q
Maslow’s training in experimental psychology included work on _______ and _______ in primates
A
dominance ; sexual behavior
9
Q
Maslow had the opportunity to meet the wave of __________ fleeing Nazi Germany, including Karen Horney and Alfred Adler.
A
emigrant intellectuals
10
Q
He also met the Gestalt psychologist ________ and the American anthropologist _______.
A
Max Wertheimer ; Ruth Benedict
11
Q
Maslow’s admiration for _________ later kindled his ideas about self-actualization.
A
Wertheimer and Benedict
12
Q
Becoming Famous From 1951 to 1969, Maslow taught at __________ in Massachusetts.
A
Brandeis University
13
Q
Maslow became an immensely popular figure in psychology and among the general public. He received many awards and honors and was elected president of the American Psychological Association in _______
A
1967
14
Q
At the peak of his fame, Maslow developed a variety of ailments including:
A
- stomach
- disorders
- insomnia
- depression
- heart disease
15
Q
In the face of these growing physical limitations, Maslow pushed himself to work even harder to accomplish his goal of _______ psychology.
A
humanizing
16
Q
Maslow died in 1970 of a _______ while jogging around his swimming pool.
A
massive heart attack
17
Q
Hierarchy of Needs
A
- physiological
- safety
- belongingness and love
- esteem
5.self-actualization
18
Q
In ____, Maslow developed the hierarchy of five innate human needs
A
1968
19
Q
A hereditary component. We come equipped with these needs at birth and the behavior we use to satisfy them are learned, at such, it is subject from one person to another.
A
INSTINCTOID
20
Q
Arranged in order from strongest at the bottom to the weakest at the innate needs in his top.
A
Hierarchy of Needs
21
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
Lower needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher needs become influenced.
A
TRUE
22
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
We are not driven by all the needs at the same time.
A
TRUE
23
Q
Hierarchy of Needs:
How many need will dominate our personality at any one point in time?
A
ONE
24
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
The order of the needs can be changed.
A
TRUE
If an economic recession causes some people to lose their jobs, then the safety and physiological needs may reassume priority. Being able to pay the mortgage becomes more prized than popularity with col- leagues or an award from a civic organization.
25
Gratification of the higher needs can be _________
postponed
26
Failure to satisfy a _______ need does not produce a crisis.
higher
27
Failure to satisfy a ______ need does produce a crisis.
lower
28
Maslow called lower needs ________
DEFICIT or DEFICIENTCY NEEDS
29
Failure to satisfy the needs produces a _____ or lack in the individual.
deficit
30
TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
Although higher needs are less necessary for survival, they can contribute to our personal growth.
TRUE
31
Satisfaction of higher needs leads to improved:
1. health
2. happiness
3. contentment
4. fulfillment
5. longevity
32
Maslow called higher needs _______
GROWTH or BEING NEEDS.
33
TRUE or FALSE
Maslow proposed a declining percentage of satisfaction for each need.
TRUE
34
a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people.
Abraham Harold
35
In 1954, Maslow created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and expressed his theories in his book, __________.
Motivation and Personality
36
A person's motivation to reach his or her full potential.
Self-Actualization
37
TRUE or FALSE
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a person's basic needs must be met before self-actualization can be achieved.
TRUE
38
BREATHING, FOOD, WATER, SEX, SLEEP.
HOMEOSTASIS, EXCRETION
PHYSIOLOGICAL
39
SECURITY OF BODY, OF EMPLOYMENT, OF RESOURCES, OF MORALITY, OF THE FAMILY, OF HEALTH, OF
SAFETY
40
FRIENDSHIP, FAMILY, SEXUAL INTIMACY
LOVE /BELONGING
41
SELF-ESTEEM, CONFIDENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, RESPECT OF OTHERS, RESPECT BY OTHERS
ESTEEM
42
MORALITY, CREATIVITY, SPONTANEITY, PROBLEM SOLVING, LACK OF PREJUDICE, ACCEPTANCE OF FACTS
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
43
The highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
44
involves the maximum realization and fulfillment of our potentials, talents, and abilities.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
45
It is not limited to creative and intellectual superstars such as musicians, artists, and writers. What is important is to fulfill one’s own potentials, whatever they are, at the highest level possible.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
46
CONDITIONS FOR ACHIEVING SELF-ACTUALIZATION
1. free of constraints imposed by society and by ourselves
2. not be distracted by the lower-order needs
3. secure in our self-image and in our relationships with other people, and we must be able to love and be loved in return
4. have a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses, virtues and vices
47
non-traditional self-actualization (exceptions)
1. Fasting until death for beliefs, denying physiological and safety needs.
2. Religious figures often live in poverty for self-actualization.
3. Artists prioritize health and security for work.
4. People prioritize esteem over love, believing self-confidence is key to belongingness and love needs.
48
Innate need to know and understand
Cognitive Needs
49
The need to know is stronger than the need to understand and must be at least partially satisfied before the need to understand can emerge.
Cognitive Needs
50
Overlaps the original five-need hierarchy.
Cognitive Needs
51
TRUE or FALSE
It is impossible to become self-actualizing if we fail to meet the needs to know and to understand.
TRUE
52
The needs to know and to under-stand appear in _______ and ______ and are expressed by children as a natural curiosity.
late infancy and early childhood
53
TRUE or FALSE
Failure to satisfy the cognitive needs is harmful and hampers the full development and functioning of the personality.
TRUE
54
Maslow proposed a distinct type of motivation for __________
self-actualizers
55
The prefix meta- means
after or beyond
56
It indicates that it goes beyond psychology’s traditional idea of motivation.
Metamotivation,
57
implies a condition in which motivation, as we know it, plays no role.
Metamotivation,
58
_________ are not motivated to strive for a particular goal. Instead, they are said to be developing from within.
Self-actualizers
59
Maslow described the motivation of people who are not self-actualizers as a condition of __________
D-motivation or Deficiency
60
striving for something specific to make up for something that is lacking within us.
D-motivation
61
Stages of growth or being toward such as goodness, uniqueness, and perfection.
METANEEDS
62
A thwarting of self- development related to failure to satisfy metaneeds.
METAPATHOLOGY
63
Prevents self-actualizers from expressing, using, and fulfilling their potential.
METAPATHOLOGY
64
They may come to feel helpless and depressed, unable to pinpoint a source for these feelings or identify a goal that might alleviate the distress.
METAPATHOLOGY
65
applies not only to physiological needs but also to safety, belongingness and love, and esteem needs.
D-motivation
66
self-actualizers are concerned with _________ and with knowing and understanding their environment.
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
67
In their state of meta- motivation, they are not seeking to reduce tension, satisfy a deficiency, or strive for a specific object.
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
68
Their goal is to enrich their lives by acting to increase tension so as to experience a variety of stimulating and challenging events.
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
69
Their lower-order deficiency needs have been met,
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
70
Self-actualizers function at a level beyond striving for specific goal objects to satisfy a deficit.
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
71
They are in a state of “being,” spontaneously, naturally, and joyfully expressing their full humanity.
FULFILLING POTENTIAL
72
Characteristics of Self-Actualizers
1. An efficient perception of reality
2. An acceptance of themselves, others, and nature
3. A spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
4. A focus on problems outside themselves
5. A sense of detachment and the need for privacy
6. A freshness of appreciation
7. Mystical or peak experiences
8. Social interest
9. Profound interpersonal relations
10. Creativeness
11. Resistance to enculturation
73
Self-actualizers perceive their world, including other people, clearly and objectively, unbiased by prejudgments or preconceptions.
An efficient perception of reality
74
Self-actualizers accept their strengths and weaknesses
An acceptance of themselves, others, and nature
75
The behavior of self-actualizers is open, direct, and natural.
A spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
76
Self-actualizers have a sense of mission, a commitment, to which they devote their energy.
A focus on problems outside themselves
77
Self-actualizers can experience isolation without harmful effects and seem to need solitude more than persons who are not self-actualizing
A sense of detachment and the need for privacy
78
Self-actualizers have the ability to perceive and experience the world around them with freshness, wonder, and awe.
A freshness of appreciation
79
Self-actualizers know moments of intense ecstasy, not unlike deep religious experiences, that can occur with virtually any activity.
Mystical or peak experiences
80
Maslow adopted Alfred Adler’s concept of social interest to indicate the sympathy and empathy self-actualizing persons have for all humanity.
Social interest
81
Although their circle of friends is not large, self- actualizers have deep, lasting friendships.
Profound interpersonal relations
82
Self-actualizing people are highly creative and exhibit inventiveness and originality in their work and other facets of their lives.
Creativeness
83
Self-actualizers are autonomous, independent, and self- sufficient.
Resistance to enculturation
84
The Importance of Childhood in Self-Actualization
1. Inadequate education and improper child-rearing can hinder adult self-actualization.
2. Sex-role training for boys inhibits tenderness and sentimentality, hindering their development.
3. Overprotection can inhibit children's ability to express themselves in self-actualization activities.
4. Excessive parental permissiveness can lead to anxiety and insecurity.
5. A balance of permissiveness and regulation is ideal.
6. Sufficient love in childhood is crucial for self-actualization and physiological and safety needs.
7. Children's early years of security and confidence are crucial for adulthood.
85
A moment of intense ecstasy, similar to a religious or mystical experience, during which the self is transcended
PEAK EXPERIENCE
86
This idea is based on the biblical tale of Jonah, described fear as “called by God to prophesy, but was afraid of the task.
JONAH COMPLEX
87
The _______ refers to our doubts about our own abilities.
Jonah complex
88
afraid and thrilled by the possibilities but too often the fear takes precedence.
Jonah complex
89
clients to embrace the Being
values (B values)
AIM
90
everyone has an inherent
tendency to move toward a better, more enriching condition -- self-actualization
BELIEF
91
people operating on physiological and safety needs will not ordinarily be motivated to seek psychotherapy, they will strive to obtain nourishment and protection.
GOAL
92
Through a warm, loving, interpersonal relationship with the therapist, the client gains satisfaction of love and belongingness needs and acquires feelings of confidence and self-worth.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
93
A healthy interpersonal relationship between client and therapist is therefore the best psychological medicine.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
94
A self-report questionnaire consisting of 150 pairs of statements, was developed by psychologist ________ (1964, 1974) to measure self-actualization.
Everett Shostrom
95
People taking the test must indicate which of each pair is more applicable to them.
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
96
It is scored for 2 major scales and 10 subscales. The major scales are time competence, which measures the degree to which we live in the present, and inner directedness, which assesses how much we depend on ourselves rather than on others for judgments and values.
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
97
MASLOW'S CONCEPTS OF HUMANITY
1. HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC
2. FREE WILL
3. BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
4. UNIQUENESS
98
focused on psychological health, growth, virtues and potentials rather than illness, stagnation, weaknesses and limitations.
HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC
99
He had strong sense of confidence in our ability to shape our lives and our society
HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC
100
we are free to choose how best to satisfy our needs and to actualize our potential.
FREE WILL
101
We are responsible for the level of personality development we reach or fail to reach
FREE WILL
102
Needs are innate but the behaviors in which we satisfy them are learned.
BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
103
There is an interaction of heredity and environment of personal and situational variables.
BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
104
Our motivation are universal but the ways in which the needs are satisfied will vary from one person to another because these ways of behaving are learned.
UNIQUENESS
105
TRUE or FALSE
Maslow recognized the importance of early childhood experiences (CAUSALITY) in fostering or inhibiting adult development, but he did not believe that we are victims of these experiences.
TRUE
106
TRUE or FALSE
Maslow did not use case studies or the experimental or correlational methods in his research. He believed that self-actualization could not be studied by accepted scientific procedures.
TRUE
107
role of positive experiences in people's lives Extrinsic and Intrinsic development by Bauer and McAdams
Positive Psychology
108
MASLOW'S CRITICISMS
1. generate research - above average. Self-
actualization remains popular topic in research.
2. falsifiability - low. people refuse to take
any test that might assess self-actualization.
3. internal consistency - high. follows logical progression
4. organization - high. consistent with
common sense
5. guide to the practitioners - high. highly useful
6. parsimonious - moderate. far more complex
model.
109
TRUE or FALSE
the original five-stage model are highlighted and include a seven-stage model and an eight-stage model; both developed during the 1960s and 1970s.
TRUE
110
The expanded hierarchy of needs
1. Biological and physiological needs
2. Safety needs
3. Love and belongingness needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Cognitive needs
6. Aesthetic needs
7. Self-actualization needs
8. Transcendence needs
111
air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.
Biological and physiological needs
112
protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
Safety needs
113
friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
Love and belongingness needs
114
Maslow classified into two categories:
1. esteem for oneself
2. the need to be accepted and valued by others
115
dignity, achievement, mastery, independence
esteem for oneself
116
e.g., status, prestige
the need to be accepted and valued by others
117
Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the need to be accepted and valued by others (e.g., status, prestige).
Esteem needs
118
knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability.
Cognitive needs
119
appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.
Aesthetic needs
120
realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire "to become everything one is capable of becoming"
Self-actualization needs
121
A person is motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self (e.g., mystical experiences and certain experiences with nature, aesthetic experiences, sexual experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.).
Transcendence needs
122
The most basic needs of any person are
physiological needs
123
One obstacle that blocks people's growth toward self-actualization is the fear of being one's best, representing a fear of success, a fear of being one's best, and a feeling of awesomeness int he presence of beauty and perfection is called
Jonah Complex
