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Theories of Personality > M2 Week 8: Maslow > Flashcards

M2 Week 8: Maslow Flashcards

1
Q

The oldest of seven children, born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York.

A

Maslow

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2
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Maslow’s childhood was not pleasant. Isolated and
unhappy. He grew up without close friends or loving parents.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Maslow’s teenage years is marked by _______

A

inferiority complex

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4
Q

Maslow married his cousin _______. They were married when he was 20 and she was 19.

A

Bertha

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5
Q

At Wisconsin, Maslow found the behavioral psychology of _______

A

John B. Watson

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6
Q

A leader of the revolution to make psychology a science of behavior.

A

John B. Watson

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Maslow believed that behaviorism could solve all the world’s problems

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Maslow’s training in experimental psychology included work on _______ and _______ in primates

A

dominance ; sexual behavior

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9
Q

Maslow had the opportunity to meet the wave of __________ fleeing Nazi Germany, including Karen Horney and Alfred Adler.

A

emigrant intellectuals

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10
Q

He also met the Gestalt psychologist ________ and the American anthropologist _______.

A

Max Wertheimer ; Ruth Benedict

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11
Q

Maslow’s admiration for _________ later kindled his ideas about self-actualization.

A

Wertheimer and Benedict

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12
Q

Becoming Famous From 1951 to 1969, Maslow taught at __________ in Massachusetts.

A

Brandeis University

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13
Q

Maslow became an immensely popular figure in psychology and among the general public. He received many awards and honors and was elected president of the American Psychological Association in _______

A

1967

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14
Q

At the peak of his fame, Maslow developed a variety of ailments including:

A
  1. stomach
  2. disorders
  3. insomnia
  4. depression
  5. heart disease
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15
Q

In the face of these growing physical limitations, Maslow pushed himself to work even harder to accomplish his goal of _______ psychology.

A

humanizing

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16
Q

Maslow died in 1970 of a _______ while jogging around his swimming pool.

A

massive heart attack

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17
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. physiological
  2. safety
  3. belongingness and love
  4. esteem
    5.self-actualization
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18
Q

In ____, Maslow developed the hierarchy of five innate human needs

A

1968

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19
Q

A hereditary component. We come equipped with these needs at birth and the behavior we use to satisfy them are learned, at such, it is subject from one person to another.

A

INSTINCTOID

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20
Q

Arranged in order from strongest at the bottom to the weakest at the innate needs in his top.

A

Hierarchy of Needs

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21
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
Lower needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher needs become influenced.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
We are not driven by all the needs at the same time.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Hierarchy of Needs:
How many need will dominate our personality at any one point in time?

A

ONE

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24
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
The order of the needs can be changed.

A

TRUE

If an economic recession causes some people to lose their jobs, then the safety and physiological needs may reassume priority. Being able to pay the mortgage becomes more prized than popularity with col- leagues or an award from a civic organization.

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25
Q

Gratification of the higher needs can be _________

A

postponed

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26
Q

Failure to satisfy a _______ need does not produce a crisis.

A

higher

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27
Q

Failure to satisfy a ______ need does produce a crisis.

A

lower

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28
Q

Maslow called lower needs ________

A

DEFICIT or DEFICIENTCY NEEDS

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29
Q

Failure to satisfy the needs produces a _____ or lack in the individual.

A

deficit

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30
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Hierarchy of Needs:
Although higher needs are less necessary for survival, they can contribute to our personal growth.

A

TRUE

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31
Q

Satisfaction of higher needs leads to improved:

A
  1. health
  2. happiness
  3. contentment
  4. fulfillment
  5. longevity
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32
Q

Maslow called higher needs _______

A

GROWTH or BEING NEEDS.

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33
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Maslow proposed a declining percentage of satisfaction for each need.

A

TRUE

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34
Q

a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people.

A

Abraham Harold

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35
Q

In 1954, Maslow created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and expressed his theories in his book, __________.

A

Motivation and Personality

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36
Q

A person’s motivation to reach his or her full potential.

A

Self-Actualization

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37
Q

TRUE or FALSE
In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a person’s basic needs must be met before self-actualization can be achieved.

A

TRUE

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38
Q

BREATHING, FOOD, WATER, SEX, SLEEP.
HOMEOSTASIS, EXCRETION

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL

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39
Q

SECURITY OF BODY, OF EMPLOYMENT, OF RESOURCES, OF MORALITY, OF THE FAMILY, OF HEALTH, OF

A

SAFETY

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40
Q

FRIENDSHIP, FAMILY, SEXUAL INTIMACY

A

LOVE /BELONGING

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41
Q

SELF-ESTEEM, CONFIDENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, RESPECT OF OTHERS, RESPECT BY OTHERS

A

ESTEEM

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42
Q

MORALITY, CREATIVITY, SPONTANEITY, PROBLEM SOLVING, LACK OF PREJUDICE, ACCEPTANCE OF FACTS

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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43
Q

The highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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44
Q

involves the maximum realization and fulfillment of our potentials, talents, and abilities.

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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45
Q

It is not limited to creative and intellectual superstars such as musicians, artists, and writers. What is important is to fulfill one’s own potentials, whatever they are, at the highest level possible.

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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46
Q

CONDITIONS FOR ACHIEVING SELF-ACTUALIZATION

A
  1. free of constraints imposed by society and by ourselves
  2. not be distracted by the lower-order needs
  3. secure in our self-image and in our relationships with other people, and we must be able to love and be loved in return
  4. have a realistic knowledge of our strengths and weaknesses, virtues and vices
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47
Q

non-traditional self-actualization (exceptions)

A
  1. Fasting until death for beliefs, denying physiological and safety needs.
  2. Religious figures often live in poverty for self-actualization.
  3. Artists prioritize health and security for work.
  4. People prioritize esteem over love, believing self-confidence is key to belongingness and love needs.
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48
Q

Innate need to know and understand

A

Cognitive Needs

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49
Q

The need to know is stronger than the need to understand and must be at least partially satisfied before the need to understand can emerge.

A

Cognitive Needs

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50
Q

Overlaps the original five-need hierarchy.

A

Cognitive Needs

51
Q

TRUE or FALSE
It is impossible to become self-actualizing if we fail to meet the needs to know and to understand.

A

TRUE

52
Q

The needs to know and to under-stand appear in _______ and ______ and are expressed by children as a natural curiosity.

A

late infancy and early childhood

53
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Failure to satisfy the cognitive needs is harmful and hampers the full development and functioning of the personality.

A

TRUE

54
Q

Maslow proposed a distinct type of motivation for __________

A

self-actualizers

55
Q

The prefix meta- means

A

after or beyond

56
Q

It indicates that it goes beyond psychology’s traditional idea of motivation.

A

Metamotivation,

57
Q

implies a condition in which motivation, as we know it, plays no role.

A

Metamotivation,

58
Q

_________ are not motivated to strive for a particular goal. Instead, they are said to be developing from within.

A

Self-actualizers

59
Q

Maslow described the motivation of people who are not self-actualizers as a condition of __________

A

D-motivation or Deficiency

60
Q

striving for something specific to make up for something that is lacking within us.

A

D-motivation

61
Q

Stages of growth or being toward such as goodness, uniqueness, and perfection.

A

METANEEDS

62
Q

A thwarting of self- development related to failure to satisfy metaneeds.

A

METAPATHOLOGY

63
Q

Prevents self-actualizers from expressing, using, and fulfilling their potential.

A

METAPATHOLOGY

64
Q

They may come to feel helpless and depressed, unable to pinpoint a source for these feelings or identify a goal that might alleviate the distress.

A

METAPATHOLOGY

65
Q

applies not only to physiological needs but also to safety, belongingness and love, and esteem needs.

A

D-motivation

66
Q

self-actualizers are concerned with _________ and with knowing and understanding their environment.

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

67
Q

In their state of meta- motivation, they are not seeking to reduce tension, satisfy a deficiency, or strive for a specific object.

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

68
Q

Their goal is to enrich their lives by acting to increase tension so as to experience a variety of stimulating and challenging events.

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

69
Q

Their lower-order deficiency needs have been met,

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

70
Q

Self-actualizers function at a level beyond striving for specific goal objects to satisfy a deficit.

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

71
Q

They are in a state of “being,” spontaneously, naturally, and joyfully expressing their full humanity.

A

FULFILLING POTENTIAL

72
Q

Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

A
  1. An efficient perception of reality
  2. An acceptance of themselves, others, and nature
  3. A spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
  4. A focus on problems outside themselves
  5. A sense of detachment and the need for privacy
  6. A freshness of appreciation
  7. Mystical or peak experiences
  8. Social interest
  9. Profound interpersonal relations
  10. Creativeness
  11. Resistance to enculturation
73
Q

Self-actualizers perceive their world, including other people, clearly and objectively, unbiased by prejudgments or preconceptions.

A

An efficient perception of reality

74
Q

Self-actualizers accept their strengths and weaknesses

A

An acceptance of themselves, others, and nature

75
Q

The behavior of self-actualizers is open, direct, and natural.

A

A spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness

76
Q

Self-actualizers have a sense of mission, a commitment, to which they devote their energy.

A

A focus on problems outside themselves

77
Q

Self-actualizers can experience isolation without harmful effects and seem to need solitude more than persons who are not self-actualizing

A

A sense of detachment and the need for privacy

78
Q

Self-actualizers have the ability to perceive and experience the world around them with freshness, wonder, and awe.

A

A freshness of appreciation

79
Q

Self-actualizers know moments of intense ecstasy, not unlike deep religious experiences, that can occur with virtually any activity.

A

Mystical or peak experiences

80
Q

Maslow adopted Alfred Adler’s concept of social interest to indicate the sympathy and empathy self-actualizing persons have for all humanity.

A

Social interest

81
Q

Although their circle of friends is not large, self- actualizers have deep, lasting friendships.

A

Profound interpersonal relations

82
Q

Self-actualizing people are highly creative and exhibit inventiveness and originality in their work and other facets of their lives.

A

Creativeness

83
Q

Self-actualizers are autonomous, independent, and self- sufficient.

A

Resistance to enculturation

84
Q

The Importance of Childhood in Self-Actualization

A
  1. Inadequate education and improper child-rearing can hinder adult self-actualization.
  2. Sex-role training for boys inhibits tenderness and sentimentality, hindering their development.
  3. Overprotection can inhibit children’s ability to express themselves in self-actualization activities.
  4. Excessive parental permissiveness can lead to anxiety and insecurity.
  5. A balance of permissiveness and regulation is ideal.
  6. Sufficient love in childhood is crucial for self-actualization and physiological and safety needs.
  7. Children’s early years of security and confidence are crucial for adulthood.
85
Q

A moment of intense ecstasy, similar to a religious or mystical experience, during which the self is transcended

A

PEAK EXPERIENCE

86
Q

This idea is based on the biblical tale of Jonah, described fear as “called by God to prophesy, but was afraid of the task.

A

JONAH COMPLEX

87
Q

The _______ refers to our doubts about our own abilities.

A

Jonah complex

88
Q

afraid and thrilled by the possibilities but too often the fear takes precedence.

A

Jonah complex

89
Q

clients to embrace the Being
values (B values)

A

AIM

90
Q

everyone has an inherent
tendency to move toward a better, more enriching condition – self-actualization

A

BELIEF

91
Q

people operating on physiological and safety needs will not ordinarily be motivated to seek psychotherapy, they will strive to obtain nourishment and protection.

A

GOAL

92
Q

Through a warm, loving, interpersonal relationship with the therapist, the client gains satisfaction of love and belongingness needs and acquires feelings of confidence and self-worth.

A

PSYCHOTHERAPY

93
Q

A healthy interpersonal relationship between client and therapist is therefore the best psychological medicine.

A

PSYCHOTHERAPY

94
Q

A self-report questionnaire consisting of 150 pairs of statements, was developed by psychologist ________ (1964, 1974) to measure self-actualization.

A

Everett Shostrom

95
Q

People taking the test must indicate which of each pair is more applicable to them.

A

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

96
Q

It is scored for 2 major scales and 10 subscales. The major scales are time competence, which measures the degree to which we live in the present, and inner directedness, which assesses how much we depend on ourselves rather than on others for judgments and values.

A

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

97
Q

MASLOW’S CONCEPTS OF HUMANITY

A
  1. HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC
  2. FREE WILL
  3. BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
  4. UNIQUENESS
98
Q

focused on psychological health, growth, virtues and potentials rather than illness, stagnation, weaknesses and limitations.

A

HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC

99
Q

He had strong sense of confidence in our ability to shape our lives and our society

A

HUMANISTIC AND OPTIMISTIC

100
Q

we are free to choose how best to satisfy our needs and to actualize our potential.

A

FREE WILL

101
Q

We are responsible for the level of personality development we reach or fail to reach

A

FREE WILL

102
Q

Needs are innate but the behaviors in which we satisfy them are learned.

A

BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL

103
Q

There is an interaction of heredity and environment of personal and situational variables.

A

BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL

104
Q

Our motivation are universal but the ways in which the needs are satisfied will vary from one person to another because these ways of behaving are learned.

A

UNIQUENESS

105
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Maslow recognized the importance of early childhood experiences (CAUSALITY) in fostering or inhibiting adult development, but he did not believe that we are victims of these experiences.

A

TRUE

106
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Maslow did not use case studies or the experimental or correlational methods in his research. He believed that self-actualization could not be studied by accepted scientific procedures.

A

TRUE

107
Q

role of positive experiences in people’s lives Extrinsic and Intrinsic development by Bauer and McAdams

A

Positive Psychology

108
Q

MASLOW’S CRITICISMS

A
  1. generate research - above average. Self-
    actualization remains popular topic in research.
  2. falsifiability - low. people refuse to take
    any test that might assess self-actualization.
  3. internal consistency - high. follows logical progression
  4. organization - high. consistent with
    common sense
  5. guide to the practitioners - high. highly useful
  6. parsimonious - moderate. far more complex
    model.
109
Q

TRUE or FALSE
the original five-stage model are highlighted and include a seven-stage model and an eight-stage model; both developed during the 1960s and 1970s.

A

TRUE

110
Q

The expanded hierarchy of needs

A
  1. Biological and physiological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Love and belongingness needs
  4. Esteem needs
  5. Cognitive needs
  6. Aesthetic needs
  7. Self-actualization needs
  8. Transcendence needs
111
Q

air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.

A

Biological and physiological needs

112
Q

protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.

A

Safety needs

113
Q

friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

A

Love and belongingness needs

114
Q

Maslow classified into two categories:

A
  1. esteem for oneself
  2. the need to be accepted and valued by others
115
Q

dignity, achievement, mastery, independence

A

esteem for oneself

116
Q

e.g., status, prestige

A

the need to be accepted and valued by others

117
Q

Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the need to be accepted and valued by others (e.g., status, prestige).

A

Esteem needs

118
Q

knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability.

A

Cognitive needs

119
Q

appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.

A

Aesthetic needs

120
Q

realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of becoming”

A

Self-actualization needs

121
Q

A person is motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self (e.g., mystical experiences and certain experiences with nature, aesthetic experiences, sexual experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.).

A

Transcendence needs

122
Q

The most basic needs of any person are

A

physiological needs

123
Q

One obstacle that blocks people’s growth toward self-actualization is the fear of being one’s best, representing a fear of success, a fear of being one’s best, and a feeling of awesomeness int he presence of beauty and perfection is called

A

Jonah Complex

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

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