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Theories of Personality > M2 Week 6: Klein > Flashcards

M2 Week 6: Klein Flashcards

1
Q

In 1909, the Kleins moved to Budapest where she met ________, a member of Freud’ s inner circle and the introduced her into the world of psychoanalysis.

A

Sandor Ferenczi

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2
Q

At 21, while still mourning over her brother’s death, she married her brother ‘ s close friend, ________ ?

A

Arthur Klein

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3
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE **
Klein thought that children internalize both positive and negative feelings toward their mother and they develop a superego much earlier than Freud had believed.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Klein continued to regard herself as Freudian, and Freud and Anna Freud accepted her analytic technique to children.

A

False; Sigmund and Anna never accepted her analytic technique to children

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5
Q

are psychic representations of unconscious id instinct.

A

Phantasies

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5
Q

What is the name of Melanie’s 3 children?

A
  1. Melitta
  2. Hans
  3. Erich
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6
Q

Born on March 30, 1882 in Vienna, Austria

A

Melanie Klein

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7
Q

is an offspring of Freud’s instinct theory.

A

Object Relations Theory

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7
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE **
Melanie idolized her mother but felt suffocated by her

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Infants possess unconscious images of good and bad

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Infants attempt to deal with the dichotomy of good and bad feeling, they organize their experiences into positions or ways of dealing with both internal and external objects.

A

Positions

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7
Q

What are the Psychic Defense Mechanisms in Klein’s theory?

A
  1. Introjection
  2. Splitting
  3. Projection
  4. Projective Identification
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Klein discourage patients to reexperience early emotions and fantasies but with the therapist pointing out the differences between reality and fantasy

A

FALSE; Klein encourage patients to

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7
Q

The feeling of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object constitute what Klein called ________ ?

A

Depressive Position

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7
Q

The person takes in aspects of the external world and then organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework

A

Internalizations

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8
Q

Klein substitutes dream analysis and free association to ________, believing that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes

A

Play Therapy

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9
Q

Melitta began analysis with ____, one on Klein’s rivals in the British society.

A

Edward Glover

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9
Q

Unconscious fantasies are shaped by both ______ and ________ .

A

reality and inherited predisposition

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Klein disagrees with Freud that humans have innate drives or instincts including death instinct.

A

False; Klein agrees with Freud

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11
Q

one ‘ s sense of self, reaches maturity at much earlier stage than Freud had assumed.

A

Ego

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12
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE **
Mature superego produces feelings of terror, but early superego produces feeling of inferiority and guilt

A

False; mature superego produces feelings of inferiority and guilt, but early superego produces terror.

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12
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Significant part of Oedipus complex is the children ‘ s fear of retaliation from their parent for their fantasy of emptying the parent’ s body.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Klein stressed the importance of the first 9 or 11 months of life.

A

False; it’s first 4 or 6 months of life

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14
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Before Anna Freud moved with her father and mother in London, the English school of psychoanalysis was steadily becoming Kleinian School.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

**True or False: **
Infants who cry and kick their legs are phantasizing a good breast.

A

False; bad breast

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16
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
To achieve psychological birth or Individuation, the child will undergo 5 major developmental stages.

A

False; 3 major developmental stages

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17
Q

What are the developmental stages of Psychological Birth?

A
  1. Normal Autism
  2. Normal Symbiosis
  3. Separation - Individuation
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18
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Klein is the mother of ORT and Freud is the father

A

TRUE

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19
Q

________ treat infants as if they had a sense of self.

A

Self-Objects

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19
Q

the center of the individual’s psychological universe.

A

Self

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19
Q

She observed the behaviors of disturbed children interacting with their mothers then observed normal babies as they bonded with their mothers during the first 36 months of life.

A

Margaret Mahler

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20
Q

In this stage, the child satisfies its nutritional needs autistically or without regard to external reality because their needs are given automatically without extending any effort.

A

Normal Autism

21
Q

is a relationship between two people and not a trait given to the infant by the caregiver.

A

Attachment Style

22
Q

In this stage, infants realize that they cannot satisfy their own needs, they begin to recognize their primary caregiver and to seek a symbiotic relationship with her.

A

Normal Symbiosis

23
Q

In this stage, the child become psychologically separated from their mothers, achieve a sense of individuation and begin to develop feelings of personal identity.

A

Separation - Individuation

24
Q

What are the 4 substage of separation-individuation?

A
  1. Differentiation
  2. Practicing
  3. Rapprochement
  4. Libidinal Object Constancy
24
Q

In this substage, children wanted to share with their mother all their new skills and acquisitions.

A

Rapprochement

24
Q

In this substage, infants begin crawling and walking from 7th month up to 16th month

A

Practicing

25
Q

dramatic fight with the mother.

A

Rapproachement Crisis

26
Q

Implies that someone else is perfect and the infant needs to adopts the attitude.

A

Idealized Parent Image

26
Q

In this substage, psychologically healthy infants will extend their bond beyond the mother and will be curious about strangers.

A

Differentiation

26
Q

In this substage, children must develop constant inner representation of their mother so that they can tolerate being physically separate from the mother.

A

Libidinal Object Constancy

26
Q

Who is the proponent of the theory of “Self-Object?”

A

Heinz Kohut

26
Q

Established when the infant relates to a mirroring self-object who reflects approval of its behavior.

A

The Grandiose - Exhibitionistic Self

27
Q

Who is the proponent of “Attachment Theory?”

A

John Bowlby

28
Q

What are the stages of Separation Anxiety?

A
  1. Protest Stage
  2. Despair
  3. Detachment
29
Q

It is the technique for measuring the type of attachment style that exist between caregiver and infant

A

Strange Situation

30
Q

Who developed Strange Situation?

A

Mary Ainsworth

31
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Men who were insecurely attached and self-focused (egocentric) had greater difficulty in controlling their compulsive eating than those who were more securely attached and less self-focused.

A

False; both women and men

32
Q

What are the three attachment styles according to Mary Ainsworth?

A
  1. Secure Attachment
  2. Insecure Avoidant
  3. Insecure Ambivalent/Resistant
33
Q

it is a self-report questionnaire that identifies 4 main aspects of object relations

A

Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI)

34
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Anxious individuals tend to be chronically worried about the state of relationship and want to strengthen emotional bonds by seeking out as much information about their partner’s intimate feelings.

A

TRUE

34
Q

What are the 4 main aspects of object relations?

A
  1. Alienation
  2. Attachment
  3. Egocentricity
  4. Social Incompetence
34
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Insecure attachment style is more effective compared to secure attachment style.

A

False; secure attachment style is more effective

34
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Bulimia was associated with over separation (detachment) from parents, whereas anorexia was associated with high levels of guilt and conflict over separation from parents.

A

TRUE

35
Q

In this stage of Separation Anxiety, when the caregiver is out of sight, infants will cry, resist soothing by other people and search for their caregiver.

A

Protest Stage

36
Q

In this stage of Separation Anxiety, as separation continues, infants become quiet, sad passive, listless and apathetic

A

Despair

37
Q

In this stage of Separation Anxiety, if the caregiver returns, infants will disregard and avoid her.

A

Detachment

38
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
The first bonding attachment is the most critical of all relationships.

A

TRUE

38
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
A responsive and accessible caregiver must create a secure base for the child.

A

TRUE

38
Q

Infants develop a ________ when the caregiver is sensitive to their signals and responds appropriately to their needs.

A

Secure Attachment

39
Q

Those people who have this attachment style are very independent of the attachment figure - both physically and emotionally

A

Insecure Avoidant

39
Q

Those people who have this attachment style will commonly exhibit clingy and dependent behavior but will be rejecting of the attachment figure when they engage in interaction.

A

Insecure Resistant

39
Q

It develops when the child’s caregivers – the only source of safety – become a source of fear.

A

Disorganized Attachment

39
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Sensitive mothers are more likely to have securely attached children.

A

TRUE

39
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Mary Ainsworth concluded that these attachment styles were the result of early interactions with the mother.

A

TRUE

39
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Avoidant children have a negative self-image and exaggerate their emotional responses to gain attention

A

False; Ambivalent Children

39
Q

What are the episodes of The Strange Situation?

A

(1)Mother, baby, and experimenter (lasts less than one minute)
(2) Mother and baby alone.
(3) A stranger joins the mother and infant.
(4) Mother leaves baby and stranger alone.
(5) Mother returns and stranger leaves.
(6) Mother leaves: infant left completely alone.
(7) Stranger returns.
(8) Mother returns and stranger leaves.

39
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Ambivalent children think themselves unworthy and unacceptable, caused by a rejecting primary caregiver

A

False; Avoidant

40
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Caregivers who respond to the child’s needs incorrectly or who are impatient or ignore the child, are likely to have insecurely attached children.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Below are the critique in Object Relation Theory except:
- Ability to generate research – low
- Attachment - Usefulness - moderate to high
- Falsifiable - low
- Organization - low
- Internal consistency - high
- Parsimony – low

A

Organization - low

42
Q

Below are the concept of humanity of Object Relation Theory except:
- Determinism - high
- Both pessimistic and optimistic
- Teleology
- Unconscious
- Social determinant – relationship
- Similarities than uniqueness

A

Teleology

43
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Avoidant individuals would seek out additional information about their partner’s intimate feelings and dreams about their romantic partner.

A

False; would not seek

44
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Securely attached adults did experience more trust and closeness in their love relationships than did avoidant or anxious ambivalent adults

A

TRUE

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In scoring of Strange Situation, the observer notes down the behavior displayed during 15-second intervals and scores the behavior for intensity on a scale of 1 to 7.

A

TRUE

46
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Insecure-avoidant infants are associated with responsive primary care.

A

False; associated with unresponsive primary care

46
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Insecure ambivalent attached infants are associated with inconsistent primary care. Sometimes the child’s needs and met, and sometimes they are ignored by the mother / father.

A

TRUE

47
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Insecure attachment styles are associated with an increased risk of social and emotional behavioral problems via the internal working model

A

TRUE

48
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Securely attached children develop a positive working model of themselves and have mental representations of others as being helpful while viewing themselves as worthy of respect

A

TRUE

49
Q

**TRUE OR FALSE: **
Aim and Object have greater psychological significance.

A

TRUE

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

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