M2 Week 8: Sullivan Flashcards
________ was born in Norwich, New York on February 21, 1892.
Harry Stack Sullivan
Mother of Harry Stack Sullivan
Ella Stack Sullivan
Father of Harry Stack Sullivan
Timothy Sullivan
Sole surviving child of poor Irish Catholic parents.
Harry Stack Sullivan
At 8 1/2 years, Sullivan experienced an intimate relationship with a 13 year old boy named _____
Clarence Bellinger
Sullivan mysteriously disappeared as he may have suffered a ______ and was confined to a mental hospital
schizophrenic breakdown
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan served as medical military officer in WW1 and continue to serve after the war.
TRUE
In 1921, he went to St. Elizabeth Hospital in Washington DC where he became closely acquainted with _________, one of America’s best known neuropsychiatrists.
William Alanson White
In 1911, Sullivan enrolled in the _______ where his grades improved.
Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery
Sullivan served as _______ in WW1 and continue to serve after the war.
medical military officer
In 1921, he went to ______ in Washington DC
St. Elizabeth Hospital
one of America’s best known neuropsychiatrists.
William Alanson White
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan concluded that schizophrenia was a means of coping with the anxiety generated for social and interpersonal environments.
TRUE
Sullivan developed a system in which non-professional but sympathetic male attendants treated schizophrenic patients with human respect and care. This gained him a reputation as a _________
clinical wizard
Sullivan opened a private practice in _________
New York City
_______, encouraged Sullivan to travel to Europe and train under ________, a disciple of Freud.
Thompson ; Sandor Ferenczi
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan’s theory of interpersonal psychiatry is neither psychoanalytic nor neo-Freudian
TRUE
an informal organization that met regularly over drinks to discuss old and new ideas in psychiatry and the related social sciences
Zodiac group
He had contact with several psychiatrists and social scientist with a European background:
- Karen Horney
- Erich Fromm
- Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
- Clara Thompson
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan gave up private practice and moved to Washington DC.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan’s sexual orientation may have prevented him from gaining the acceptance and recognition he might have had if others had not suspected that he was homosexual.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan was not comfortable with his sexuality and had ambivalent feelings toward marriage.
TRUE
As an adult, he brought into his home a 15 year old boy who was probably a former patient, _______.
James Inscoe
Sullivan never officially adopted James whom he regarded as a son and even had his name changed to ________.
James I. Sullivan
In January 1949, Sullivan attended a meeting of the World Federation for Mental Health in Amsterdam and on his way home, he died of ______ in a Paris hotel. He was 56.
cerebral hemorrhage
Sullivan served as the first president of the _______ in Washington, DC and also as editor of the foundation’s journal, Psychiatry.
Willian Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation
conjunctive; they help integrate personality
NEEDS
facilitate the overall well-being or a person
General Needs
tenderness, intimacy and love
Interpersonal
food, oxygen, water and so forth
Physiological
may also satisfy general needs
Zonal Needs
Zonal Needs
- Oral
- Genital
- Manual
disjunctive; it interferes with the satisfaction of needs
Anxiety
potential for action
Tension
overt or covert actions designed to satisfy needs or to reduce anxiety.
Energy Transformations
Some energy transformations become relatively consistent patterns of behavior called _______
dynamisms
traits or behavioral patterns
Dynamisms
a feeling of living in enemy country
MALEVOLENCE
an integrating experience marked by a close personal relationships with another person who is more or less of equal status
INTIMACY
an isolating dynamism characterized by an impersonal sexual interest in another person
LUST
SULLIVAN’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY
- Tension
- Energy Transformations
- Dynamisms
- Levels of Cognitions
- Personifications
2 factors under Tension
- NEEDS
- ANXIETY
3 factors under Dynamisms
- MALEVOLENCE
- INTIMACY
- LUST
3 factors under Levels of Cognitions
- PROTOTAXIC
- PARATAXIC
- SYNTAXIC
3 factors under Personifications
- Bad-Mother, Good Mother
- Me Personifications
- Eidetic Personification
ways of perceiving, imagining and conceiving
Levels of Cognitions
undifferentiated experiences that are completely personal
PROTOTAXIC
prelogical experiences that are communicated to others only in a distorted fashion
PARATAXIC
consensually validated experiences that can be accurately communicated to others
SYNTAXIC
similar to Klien’s bad breast and good breast
Bad-Mother, Good Mother
This personification grows out of the infant’s experiences with the bad nipple that does not satisfy hunger. It includes everyone that is nursing the infant not just the mother.
Bad mother
It is formed based on the tender and cooperative behaviors of the mothering one.
Good mother
During mid-infancy the child acquires _______.
bad-me, good-me and not-me
A personification that are the building blocks of the self
Me Personifications
fashioned from experiences of punishment and disapproval that infants receive from their mothering one. The anxiety teach infants that they are bad.
Bad me
experience with reward and approval. Infants feel good about themselves when they perceive their mother expressions of tenderness. Diminishes anxiety.
Good me
forms when sudden severe anxiety either dissociate or selectively in attended experiences related to that anxiety.
Not me
unrealistic traits or imaginary friends that many children invent in order to protect their self-esteem.
Eidetic Personification
Not limited to children, adults may project imaginary traits that are remnants from previous relationships.
Eidetic Personification
______ friends maybe a significant to a child’s development as real playmates.
Imaginary
TRUE or FALSE
All psychological disorders have an interpersonal origin and can be understood only with reference to the patient’s social environment
TRUE
Dissociated reactions that often precede schizophrenia are characterized by _____, ______, ______, ______, and _______.
- loneliness
- low self-esteem
- the uncanny emotion
- unsatisfactory relations with others
- ever increasing anxiety
People begin to operate in their own private worlds, with increasing _________ and decreasing _________.
parataxic distortions ; consensually validated experiences
TRUE or FALSE
The therapist serves as a participant observer, becoming part of an interpersonal, face to face relationship with the patient
TRUE
The therapist provides the patient an opportunity to establish ______ communication with another human being
syntaxic
That time, most schizophrenic and other psychotic patients were regarded as ________.
subhuman
the therapeutic ingredient in this process is the _______relationship between therapist and patients that makes patients reduce anxiety and to communicate with others
face-to-face
________ is not a condition of psychotherapy, therapist must be trained as experts in the difficult business of making discerning observations of the patient’s interpersonal relations.
Friendship
TRUE or FALSE
Sullivan’s experiment worked. A high rate of his patients got better.
TRUE
Beginning around the age of 6 and 9, children’s relationships with peers their own age is important. Importance of ______
same-sex friends
the act of dwelling on a negative event or negative aspects of an otherwise neutral or even positive event and is generally considered to be harmful as it is associated with an increase in depression.
RUMINATION
When rumination occurs in the context of friendship, it is called ________
CORUMINATION
excessively discussing personal problems within a relationship.
CORUMINATION
CoRumination in the _______ was related to increased feelings of depression and anxiety but was also related to greater friendship quality for girls.
same-sex
Corumination for _____ was associated with better friendships but was not related to increased depression or anxiety.
boys
Children who have _________ are more creative, intelligent, friendly and sociable.
imaginary friends
It is not a sign of pathology, feelings of loneliness and alienation but a source of enjoyment.
imaginary friends
Critique of Sullivan
- GENERATE RESEARCH - low. lack of popularity, organization in his writings and speeches.
- FALSIFIABLE - low. Alternative explanations are possible for most of his findings.
- ORGANIZE KNOWLEDGE - moderate. Extreme emphasis on interpersonal relationships
- PRACTICAL GUIDE - moderate. lack of testing
- INTERNAL CONSISTENCY - high. logically conceptualized and unified.
- PARSIMONIOUS - low. creating own terms
CONCEPTS OF HUMANITY
- UNIQUENESS and INDIVIDUALITY are of little concern for Sullivan.
- Neither OPTIMISTIC or PESSIMISTIC
- SOCIAL INFLUENCE very high
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
MOTHER
INFANCY
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
PARENTS
CHILDHOOD
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
PLAYMATES
JUVENILE ERA
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
SINGLE CHUM
PREADOLESCENCE
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
SEVERAL CHUMS
EARLY ADOLESCENCE
What stages of development for Sullivan does the following significant others most relevant?
LOVER
LATE ADOLESCENCE
The psychosocial crisis, ego strength and core pathology of the psychosocial stages of development
- Trust VS Mistrust»_space;> Hope, Withdrawal
- Autonomy VS Shame & Doubt»_space;> Will, Compulsion
- Initiative VS Guilt»_space;> Purpose, Inhibition
- Industry VS Inferiority»_space;> Competence, Inertia
- Identity VS Identity Confusion»_space;> Fidelity, Repudiation
- Incarnation VS Impudence»_space;> Interdependence & Self-sufficience, Dependence & Helplessness
- Intimacy VS Isolation»_space;> Love, Exclusivity
- Generativity VS Stagnation»_space;> Care, Rejectivity
- Integrity VS Despair»_space;> Wisdom, Disdain