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Theories of Personality > M3 Week 11: The Big Five > Flashcards

M3 Week 11: The Big Five Flashcards

1
Q

The study of traits started with _________ and was continued by _______ and others.

A

Allport and Odbert ; Cattell

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2
Q

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, ___________ were building elaborate taxonomies of personality traits using factor analytic techniques to examine the stability and structure of personality.

A

Costa and McCrae

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3
Q

Costa and McCrae focused initially on the two main dimensions: _________.

A

Neuroticism and Extraversion

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4
Q

After Costa and McCrae discovered N and E they found the 3rd factor ________ to experience.

A

Openness

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5
Q

________ first used the term Big Five in 1981 to describe the consistent findings of factor analysis of personality traits, Costa and McCrae continued their work on the three factors.

A

Lewis Goldberg

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6
Q

The ________ was a revision of an earlier unpublished personality inventory the measured 3 dimensions N, E, and O.

A

NEO-PI

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7
Q

In 1985, the last two dimensions ________ and ________ were developed and released the Revised NEO-PI appeared in 1992.

A

Agreeableness ; Conscientiousness

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8
Q

Since the late 1980s and early 1990s, most personality psychologists have opted for the _______. They have been found across a variety of cultures using a plethora of languages.

A

Five-Factor Model

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The five factors show some permanence with age.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Costa and McCrae became confident that they and other researchers had found a stable structure of personality.

A

TRUE

For explanation, scientists need theory and that was the next project for McCrae and Costa

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE
A new theory should be able to incorporate the change and growth of the field that has occurred over the last 25 years as well as be grounded in the current empirical principles that have emerged from research.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

They now turn the Five-Factor Model (taxonomy) into a ___________

A

Five-Factor Theory (FFT)

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13
Q

behavior is predicted by an understanding of three central or core components and three peripheral ones.

A

Five-Factor Theory (FFT)

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14
Q

the 3 central components of the Five-Factor Theory (FFT)

A
  1. basic tendencies
  2. characteristic adaptations
  3. self-concept.
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15
Q

3 Core Components of Personality

A
  1. BASIC TENDENCIES
  2. CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS
  3. SELF-CONCEPT
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16
Q

the ___________ can be interpreted either cross-sectionally (how the system operates at any given point in time) or longitudinally (how we develop over the lifetime.)

A

personality system

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE
each influence is dynamic and changes over time.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

the universal raw material of personality capacities and dispositions that are generally inferred rather than observed.

A

BASIC TENDENCIES

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19
Q

may be inherited, imprinted by early experience, or modified by disease or psychological intervention but at any given period in an individual’s life, they define the individual’s potential and direction.

A

BASIC TENDENCIES

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20
Q

includes cognitive abilities, artistic talent, sexual orientation, and the psychological processes underlying the acquisition of language.

A

BASIC TENDENCIES

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21
Q

acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment.

A

CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS

22
Q

influenced by external influences such as acquired skills, habits, attitudes, and relationships that result from the interaction of individuals with their environment.

A

CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS

23
Q

all acquired and specific skills

A

CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS

24
Q

subject to change over a person’s lifetime

A

CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS

25
Q

differs from culture to culture

A

CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS

26
Q

it is a characteristic adaptation

A

SELF-CONCEPT

27
Q

it consists of knowledge, views, and evaluations of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life.

A

SELF-CONCEPT

28
Q

includes personal myths as part of a person’s self-concept.

A

SELF-CONCEPT

29
Q

3 Peripheral Components of Personality

A
  1. BIOLOGICAL BASES
  2. OBJECTIVE BIOGRAPHY
  3. EXTERNAL INFLUENCE
30
Q

the principal biological mechanisms that influence basic tendencies are genes, hormones, and brain structures.

A

BIOLOGICAL BASES

31
Q

this does not suggest that the environment has no part in personality formation–merely that it has no direct influence on basic tendencies.

A

BIOLOGICAL BASES

32
Q

everything the person does, thinks, or feels across the whole lifespan.

A

OBJECTIVE BIOGRAPHY

33
Q

emphasize what has happened in people’s lives (objective) rather than their views or perceptions of their experiences (subjective).

A

OBJECTIVE BIOGRAPHY

34
Q

Every behavior or response becomes part of the cumulative record.

A

OBJECTIVE BIOGRAPHY

35
Q

our response to the opportunities and demands of the context.

A

EXTERNAL INFLUENCE

36
Q

Responses are functions of (1) characteristic adaptation and (2) interaction with external influence

A

EXTERNAL INFLUENCE

37
Q

behavior is a function of the interaction between characteristic adaptations and external influences.

A

EXTERNAL INFLUENCE

38
Q

4 Postulates of Basic Tendencies

A
  1. INDIVIDUALITY POSTULATE
  2. ORIGIN POSTULATE
  3. DEVELOPMENT POSTULATE
  4. STRUCTURE POTULATE
39
Q

stipulates that adults have a unique set of traits and that each person exhibits a unique combination of trait patterns.

A

INDIVIDUALITY POSTULATE

40
Q

The precise amount of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness is unique to all of us, and much of our uniqueness results from variability in our genotype.

A

INDIVIDUALITY POSTULATE

41
Q

All personality traits are the result solely of endogenous (internal) forces such as genetics, hormones, and brain structures. The family environment plays no role in creating basic tendencies.

A

ORIGIN POSTULATE

42
Q

assumes that traits develop and change through childhood but in adolescence their development slows and by early to mid-adulthood (roughly age 30) change in personality nearly stops altogether.

A

DEVELOPMENT POSTULATE

43
Q

states that traits are organized hierarchically from narrow and specific to broad and general.

A

STRUCTURE POSTULATE

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:
Over time, people adapt to their environment by acquiring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are consistent with their personality traits and earlier adaptations.

A

TRUE

45
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:
Traits affect the way we adapt to the changes in our environment.

A

TRUE

46
Q

Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:
_________ suggests that our responses are not always consistent with personal goals or cultural values.

A

Maladjustment

47
Q

Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:
Characteristic adaptations sometimes become so rigid or compulsive that they become __________.

A

maladaptive

48
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Postulates for Characteristic Adaptations:
The basic traits may change over time in response to biological maturation, and changes in the environment. Although basic tendencies may be rather stable over the lifetime, characteristic adaptations are not.

A

TRUE

49
Q

CRITIQUE

A
  • GENERATE RESEARCH - very high
  • FALSIFIABLE - high
  • ORGANIZE KNOWLEDGE - high
  • GUIDE THE ACTIONS OF PRACTITIONERS - mixed reviews
  • INTERNAL CONSISTENT - mixed reviews
  • PARSIMONY - very high
50
Q

CONCEPT OF HUMANITY

A
  1. Does not concern with the traditional themes.
  2. They see humans as being different from other animals. Only humans have the ability to report data about themselves thus have CONSCIUOUSNESS.
  3. Plays heavily on genetic factors of personality.
  4. Factor analysis rests on the premise of differences among individuals and thus variability in their scores

Theories of Personality (25 decks)

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