M1 Week 2: Overview of Theories of Personality Flashcards
the original psychodynamic theory
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis
The major causes of behavior have their origin in the unconscious.
Assumptions
all behavior has a cause/reason.
Psychic determinism
Criticisms of Psychodynamic
- Unscientific.
- Unfalsifiable.
- Sexist against women. (penis envy and weaker superegos)
Basic Assumptions
Humanistic / Existential
Theory
personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience.
phenomenological
Focus on how individuals perceive and interpret events
Humanistic / Existential
Theory
believes that people have free will: (Personal agency – choices we make in life and their consequences)
Humanistic psychology
rejects scientific methodology like experiments and qualitative research methods.
Humanism
rejected comparative
psychology (the study of animals) because it does not tell us anything about the unique properties of human beings
Humanism
Areas of application of HUMANISM
- Person-Centered Therapy
- Motivation
- Depression
- Education
- Self-worth
Both emphasize life meaning and human potential
Humanism & Existential
is seen as having a more positive view of humanity.
Humanistic psychology
it delves more into the darkness of humanity.
Existential psychology
most famous existential psychologist
Victor Frankl
Existential psychology comes from the turn of the 20th-century existential European philosophers, such as _______________.
Kierkegaard and Sartre
These psychological theories are phenomenological, meaning that “they value personal experience and subjectivity.”
Humanism & Existential
the focus on the
“here-and-now” in therapy
Humanism & Existential
Trait Theory, also known as ______.
Dispositional Theory
The study of human personality and behavior.
Dispositional Theory
Six Factor Model of Personality
HEXACO
1. Honest-humility
2. Emotionality (similar in a number of ways to NEUROTICISM)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness
6. Openness to Experience
A dimension of personality that reflects the degree to which a person promotes—or doesn’t—their own interests above those of others.
honesty-humility
TRUE or FALSE
Humanism and Existentialism are the same and their concept can be interchangeable.
False
TRUE or FALSE
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Theory are commonly used interchangeably.
True
Psychologists who adopt this approach mainly study what we share with others (i.e., similarities between people). It involves establishing laws or generalizations that apply to all people.
Nomothetic approach
Psychologists interested in this aspect of experience want to discover what makes each of us unique. No general laws are possible because of chance, free will, and the uniqueness of individuals.
Idiographic approach
Anna Freud is a _______ Psychologist.
Psychodynamic
TRUE or FALSE
According to Trait Theories, the Big Five remain relatively stable throughout most of one’s lifetime.
True
Emotionality similar in a number of ways to _______
NEUROTICISM
In the six-factor model of personality, what is the additional trait?
Honest-humility
TRUE or FALSE
Behaviorists are psychologists who argued that psychology needed to study only things that could be measured and quantified to be more scientific.
True
TRUE or FALSE
Acceptable contemporary research has provided empirical support for psychodynamic therapies that are being used in modern times.
True
Abraham Maslow belongs to _____ theorists.
Humanistic
Ares of Application of BEHAVIORISM
- Gender Role Development
- Behavioral Therapy
- Phobias
- Education
- Behavior Modification
- Psychopathology
- Depression
- Relationships
- Moral Development
- Aggression
- Addiction
Criticisms of Behaviorism
- Behaviorism only provides a partial account of human behavior, that which can be objectively viewed.
- Ignores biology (e.g., testosterone)
- Too deterministic (little free-will)
- Experiments – low ecological validity
- Humanism – can’t compare animals to humans
- Reductionist
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas, e.g., _____ (1912), ______ (1921), ______ (1927), _______ (1936), and ______ (1950).
Carl Jung
Melanie Klein
Alfred Adler
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson
