M1 Week 2: Overview of Theories of Personality

Question 1

the original psychodynamic theory

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis

Question 2

The major causes of behavior have their origin in the unconscious.

Answer 2

Assumptions

Question 3

all behavior has a cause/reason.

Answer 3

Psychic determinism

Question 4

Criticisms of Psychodynamic

Answer 4

• Unscientific.
• Unfalsifiable.
• Sexist against women. (penis envy and weaker superegos)

Question 5

Basic Assumptions

Answer 5

Humanistic / Existential
Theory

Question 6

personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience.

Answer 6

phenomenological

Question 7

Focus on how individuals perceive and interpret events

Answer 7

Humanistic / Existential
Theory

Question 8

believes that people have free will: (Personal agency – choices we make in life and their consequences)

Answer 8

Humanistic psychology

Question 9

rejects scientific methodology like experiments and qualitative research methods.

Answer 9

Humanism

Question 10

rejected comparative
psychology (the study of animals) because it does not tell us anything about the unique properties of human beings

Answer 10

Humanism

Question 11

Areas of application of HUMANISM

Answer 11

• Person-Centered Therapy
• Motivation
• Depression
• Education
• Self-worth

Question 12

Both emphasize life meaning and human potential

Answer 12

Humanism & Existential

Question 13

is seen as having a more positive view of humanity.

Answer 13

Humanistic psychology

Question 14

it delves more into the darkness of humanity.

Answer 14

Existential psychology

Question 15

most famous existential psychologist

Answer 15

Victor Frankl

Question 16

Existential psychology comes from the turn of the 20th-century existential European philosophers, such as _______________.

Answer 16

Kierkegaard and Sartre

Question 17

These psychological theories are phenomenological, meaning that “they value personal experience and subjectivity.”

Answer 17

Humanism & Existential

Question 18

the focus on the
“here-and-now” in therapy

Answer 18

Humanism & Existential

Question 19

Trait Theory, also known as ______.

Answer 19

Dispositional Theory

Question 20

The study of human personality and behavior.

Answer 20

Dispositional Theory

Question 21

Six Factor Model of Personality

Answer 21

HEXACO
1. Honest-humility
2. Emotionality (similar in a number of ways to NEUROTICISM)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness
6. Openness to Experience

Question 22

A dimension of personality that reflects the degree to which a person promotes—or doesn’t—their own interests above those of others.

Answer 22

honesty-humility

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE
Humanism and Existentialism are the same and their concept can be interchangeable.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Theory are commonly used interchangeably.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Psychologists who adopt this approach mainly study what we share with others (i.e., similarities between people). It involves establishing laws or generalizations that apply to all people.

Answer 25

Nomothetic approach

Question 26

Psychologists interested in this aspect of experience want to discover what makes each of us unique. No general laws are possible because of chance, free will, and the uniqueness of individuals.

Answer 26

Idiographic approach

Question 27

Anna Freud is a _______ Psychologist.

Answer 27

Psychodynamic

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE According to Trait Theories, the Big Five remain relatively stable throughout most of one’s lifetime.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Emotionality similar in a number of ways to _______

Answer 29

NEUROTICISM

Question 30

In the six-factor model of personality, what is the additional trait?

Answer 30

Honest-humility

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE Behaviorists are psychologists who argued that psychology needed to study only things that could be measured and quantified to be more scientific.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

TRUE or FALSE Acceptable contemporary research has provided empirical support for psychodynamic therapies that are being used in modern times.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Abraham Maslow belongs to _____ theorists.

Answer 33

Humanistic

Question 34

Ares of Application of BEHAVIORISM

Answer 34

* Gender Role Development * Behavioral Therapy * Phobias * Education * Behavior Modification * Psychopathology * Depression * Relationships * Moral Development * Aggression * Addiction

Question 35

Criticisms of Behaviorism

Answer 35

* Behaviorism only provides a partial account of human behavior, that which can be objectively viewed. * Ignores biology (e.g., testosterone) * Too deterministic (little free-will) * Experiments – low ecological validity * Humanism – can’t compare animals to humans * Reductionist

Question 36

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas, e.g., _____ (1912), ______ (1921), ______ (1927), _______ (1936), and ______ (1950).

Answer 36

Carl Jung Melanie Klein Alfred Adler Anna Freud Erik Erikson