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Clinical Bacteriology > (M) Lesson 7.4: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

(M) Lesson 7.4: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

Gram-Negative Cocci

1
Q
  • Usually in pairs or in singly
  • Genera (included in the exceptions for Gram positive cocci bacteria - Neisseria, Moraxella, Veilonella)
A

Gram-Negative Cocci

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2
Q
  • G(-) diplococci w/ flattened sides
  • Oxidase (+)
  • Glucose (+)
A

Neisseria

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3
Q

Two medically important Neisseria genera?

A
  1. N. meningitidis
  2. N. gonorrhoeae
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4
Q

How are the Neisseria genera differentiated?

A

Carbohydrate fermentation assay

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5
Q

Study the Meningitidis and Gonorrhoeae table

A

GO BROOO

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6
Q
  • G(-) kidney bean-shaped diplococci
  • Large capsule
  • Grows on CAP and BAP in 5-10% CO2
  • Ferments maltose
  • Oxidase (+)
  • 13 serogroups: A, B, C, D, 29E, H, I, K, L, X, Y, Z, W-135
A

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)

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7
Q

One important thing to know when you are using CAP or even BAP if you are growing N. meningitidis, you need to grow them in a?

A

Candle jar

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8
Q

Reservoir for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Human nasopharyngeal area

Less than or equal to 5% are carriers which are asymptomatic

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9
Q

Transmission for Neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Oropharyngeal colonization
  • Spread to the meninges via the bloodstream
  • Disease occurs only in small percent of colonized individuals
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10
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

Most important

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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11
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

For oropharynx colonization

A

IgA protease

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12
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

Causes fever, septic shock in meningococcemia, overproduction of outer membrane

A

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides [LPS])

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13
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

To colonize and invade

A

Pili and outer membrane proteins

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14
Q

Predisposing factors of N. meningitidis

A

Deficiency in late complement components (C5 to 8) predisposes of bacteremia

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15
Q

N. meningitidis

Infected patient experiences fever, vomiting, rashes, body pain

A

Meningitis

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16
Q

N. meningitidis

Happens if only meningococcus spreads in larger numbers reaching the bloodstream, even causing hematoma

A

Meningococcemia

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17
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

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18
Q

Specimen for lab diagnosis of N. meningitidis?

A
  1. Blood for culture
  2. CSF smear hen culture
  3. Petechial aspirate
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19
Q

T or F: N. meningitidis is gram negative cocci is on CSF smear

A

T

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20
Q

N. meningitidis is confirmed using what test?

A

Carbohydrate fermentation test

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21
Q

Treatment for N. meningitidis?

A
  • Penincillin G
  • Cetfriaxione
  • Beta-lactamase production
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22
Q

Prevention for N. meningitidis?

A

Vaccine for capsular polysaccharides of strains: A, C, Y, W-135

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23
Q

Prophylaxis for N. meningitidis?

A
  • Rifampicin
  • Ciprofloxacin
24
Q
  • Gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci
  • Sensitive to drying and cold
A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

25
Q

Reservoir for N. gonnorhoeae?

A

Human genital tract

26
Q

Transmission for N. gonorrhoeae?

A
  • Sexual contact
  • Birth
27
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. gonorrhoeae)

  • Attachment to mucosal surfaces
  • Inhibits phagocytic uptake
  • Antigenic (immunogenic) variation
  • Most important
28
Q

Identify the outer membrane protein.

  • Structural, antigen for serotyping
29
Q
  • Opacity
  • Antigenic variation, adherence
A

OPA proteins

30
Q
  • For colonization and cellular uptake
A

IgA protease

31
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

Infection of the urethra

A

Urethritis

Can also have proctitis

32
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

What are the female diseases for this bacteria?

A
  1. Endocervicitis
  2. PID
  3. Arthritis
  4. Proctitis
33
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

Infant disease for during birth

A

Ophthalmia

34
Q

Laboratory diagnosis specimen for N. gonorrhoeae?

A
  1. Discharge from GUT, rectal mucosa, throat/oropharynx
  2. Skin lesions
  3. Eye or conjunctival discharge
  4. Synovial fluid
35
Q

Hai, study the collection for N. gonorrhoeae mwa.

36
Q

The gram-staining presumptive for N. gonorrhoeae?

A
  • Gram-negative intracellular diplococci
  • Oxidase test
37
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae

38
Q

Types of Culture

Small, bright refractive colonies, typical of fresh isolates from gonorrrhoeae (+) fimbriae or pili

39
Q

Types of Culture

Larger, flatter, non-reflecting; no fimbriae or pili

A

T3, T4 and T5

40
Q

Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci

  • By adding inhibitory agents to create the selective medium for certain or suppressed organisms
A

Modified CAP

41
Q

Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci

  • CAP + vancomycin, colistin, nystatin
  • The agents suppress the ff respectively: G(+), G(-), yeast
  • Allows only Neisseria
A

Thayer-Martin

42
Q

Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci

  • Thayer-Martin + Trimethoprim (inhibits swarming of Proteus spp.)
  • It is highly motile
A

Modifed Thayer-Martin

43
Q

Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci

Also a modified Thayer-Martin but with Anisomycin (inhibits fungi) instead of nystatin (inhibits yeast)

A

Martin-Lewis

44
Q

Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci

Like NYC, but with added lincomycin for G(+)

45
Q

Treatments for N. gonorrhoeae

A
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Tetracycline (Chlamydia)
  • Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (produces high level penicillin resistance)
46
Q

Prevention for N. gonorrhoeae in adults?

A
  • Abstinence
  • Be faithful/careful
  • Condom
47
Q

Prevention for N. gonorrhoeae neonatal?

A
  • 0.5% erythromycin ointment
  • 1.0% tetracycline ointment
  • 1.0% silver nitrate drops
48
Q
  • G(-) diplococcus
  • Close relative of Neisseriae
  • Normal URT flora
  • 2nd causative agent of Otitis media
  • Colony on CAP: hockey pock-like or wagon-wheel-like
A

Moraxella catarrhalis

49
Q

The only disease for M. catarrhalis

A

Bronchitis and brochopneumnia in elderly with COPD

50
Q
  • The only pathogenesis for M. catarrhalis
  • By most strains
  • Causing drug resistance
A

Beta-lactamase

51
Q

Positive biochemical tests for M. catarrhalis?

A
  • Beta-lactamase (+)
  • DNAse (+)
  • Nitrate reduction (+)
  • Butyrate disk (+)
54
Q

____ is asacharrolytic compared to Neisseria

55
Q

What does asacharrolytic mean?

A

No sugar fermented

Clinical Bacteriology (33 decks)

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