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Clinical Bacteriology > (F) Lesson 14: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Miscellaneous Bacteria (Part 2) > Flashcards

(F) Lesson 14: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Miscellaneous Bacteria (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q
  • Also called atypical bacteria
  • It has no definitive morphology since it has no cell wall
  • It has a pleomorphic morphology
  • They can assume any shape
  • Classified as mollicutes because of their small appearance or size
  • Resistant to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis including beta-lactam, cephalosporins
  • Originally known as a pleuro-pneumonia-like organism (PPLO) since its most common species causes pneumonia
A

Mycoplasma

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2
Q
  • Previously known as Eaton Agent
  • Frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis in children and young adults
  • Disease produced is Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP) or Walking Pneumonia
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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3
Q
  • Accompanied by dry cough (painful) instead of typical exudates associated with bacterial pneumonia
  • Patients also appear normal or moderately ill even if the areas of the lungs are heavily infiltrated by the bacteria
  • If not treated, common complications include hemolytic anemia, skin rash, meningitis (CNS), and temporary arthritis (bones)
A

Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP) or Walking Pneumonia

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4
Q
  • Community-acquired pneumonia: Mycoplasma
A

Community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis

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5
Q
  • Produces large fried egg colony
  • Media: A7 or A8
  • An important cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), post-abortal, and post-partum fever
A

Mycoplasma hominis

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6
Q
  • (+) urease
  • Tiniest bacteria
  • Causes non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
  • Media: A7 or A8
  • Grows in broth medium, producing no haze in broth/turbidity
  • Usually, (+) growth in broth medium = turbidity, due to its small size, its growth is not enough to produce turbidity in a broth medium
A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

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7
Q

Culture media for Mycoplasma spp?

A
  • E Agar
  • Shepard’s medium
  • A7B medium
  • Edward Hayflick Agar
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8
Q
  • 3 common tests to differentiate the three Mycoplasma bacteria
A
  1. Glucose fermentation
  2. Arginine
  3. Urease
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9
Q

Match the bacteria to their positive test.

  1. Glucose fermentation
  2. Arginine Test
  3. Urease Test

A. M. pneumoniae
B. M. hominis
C. U. urealyticum

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
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10
Q
  • Formerly konwn as Bedsonia
  • Now known as Chlamydophila
  • Obligate intracellular organism
  • G(-)-like cell wall with DNA & RNA
  • Susceptible to a variety of antibiotics
A

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Life Cycle of Chlamydia

  • ____ (infective stage) are the ones that infect the cells
  • It enters the cytoplasm where it transforms into reticulate bodies
A

Elementary bodies

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12
Q

Life Cycle of Chlamydia

  • ____ cause cell lysis
  • These bodies replicate and will later transform back into elementary bodies
  • The cell lysis will release the elementary and reticulate bodies
  • Only the elementary bodies have the ability to do art
A

Reticulate bodies

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13
Q
  • Agent of Psittacosis
  • Agent of ornithosis
  • MOT: inhalation of contaminated aerosols or fomites through person-to-person transmission
  • 1-2 weeks incubation then chills, fever, and malaise appear
  • **Levinthal Cole Lillie **
  • Resistant to sulfonamide
A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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14
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

  • Disease of Psittacine birds (amphibians): parrots, parakeets, and cockatoos
A

Psittacosis

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15
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

  • Carried by other birds: turkey, pigeon, chicken
A

Ornithosis

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16
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

  • Characteristic inclusion body
  • A non-glycogen inclusion body
  • Observed after staining using Giemsa or Iodine
A

Levinthal Cole Lillie

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17
Q
  • Associated with mild respiratory infection
  • Believed to be spread from human to human without an animal reservoir
  • Also called Twar
  • Attributed to the first two strains isolated which are both C. pneumoniae that differ in gene sequencing
  • Associated with Gullaine-Barre Syndrome
  • (+) growth on HRE-2-cell
A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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18
Q

Two strains of C. pneumoniae

  • From eye of a control child in trachoma vaccine in Taiwan
  • 1965
19
Q

Two strains of C. pneumoniae

  • From throat with pharyngitis
  • 1965
20
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

  • Called Tric agent → Trachoma with inclusion conjunctivitis
  • Causes trachoma → world’s leading cause of blindness
  • Begins as conjunctivitis which persists for months to years (should be treated immediately)
  • Infection spreads to the cornea
  • Conjunctival scarring and corneal vascularization leading to blindness
  • MOT: close contact with infected individuals
A

Serotypes A, B, BA, C

21
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

  • Associated to diseases with sexual or venerela routes
  • Neonatal pneumonitis and inclusion conjunctivitis
A

Serotypes D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K

22
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

  • Associated with lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) or buboes
  • MOT: venereal route
  • Initial lesion: small, painless genital ulcer that may be unnoticed and spontaneously fatal
  • Serologically detected using Frei Test
  • There is delayed hypersensitivity test to LGC that uses purified LGC antigen
A

Serotypes L1, L2, L3

23
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis

  • McCoy cells → cell lines used
  • Halberstaedler-Prowazek bodies
  • Glycogen inclusion bodies
  • (differentiates it from Levinthal Cole Lillie)
  • Sensitive to sulfonamides
A

Culture in Cell Lines

24
Q
  • G(-) obligate intracellular bacteria
  • Hard to G/S (not preferred)
  • All are transmitted thru vectors except Coxiella (which are transmission via aerosols as well)
  • All cannot survive outside cell/host, except Coxiella
  • Coxiella is flexible
  • All require tissue culture except Rochalemia (Bartonella) quintana
  • Divided into 3 groups, but all present characteristic fever with rashes
A

Rickettsiae

25
Q

Please study the table for Rickettsiae <3

A

Inaantok na aq guys pls it’s 2:37 am

26
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae

Using chicken embryo or HeLa or Vero cell line

A

Culture in Tissue Culture Media

27
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae

Characteristic fox-like lesion of Rickettsia

28
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae

  • Presumptive only, lacks specificity
  • Weil-Felix Reaction detects Ab from rickettsial infection that agglutinates Ag from: (P. mirabilis → OX-K) and (P. vulgaris → OX-2 and OX–19)
  • Reagents are added to the serum and find agglutination
  • (+) presence of agglutination
A

Serological Events

29
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae

Gold standard for Rickettsiae infection

A

Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA)

30
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae

  • May pattern, di pwedeng isa lang ang gagamitin mo
  • Includes: OX-19, OX-2, OX-K
A

Weil-Felix

31
Q

Paki-aral din yung Weil-Felix for Rickettsia hehe.

A

Time Check: 2:40 AM

32
Q
  • (-) oxidase, catalase
  • Causes bacterial vaginosis
  • Cytological examination: G/S, PAPS, wet mount
  • (+) clue cells → vaginal EC with gram-variable rod/cocci
  • (+) fishy amine odor after adding 10% KOH to sample
  • Media: Human blood Tween 80 Agar (HBTA) (Type O blood) and V-Agar
  • SPS sensitive
  • Treatment: Metronidazole
A

Gardnerella vaginalis

33
Q
  • Capsulated and non-motile
  • Giemsa stain shows
  • Safety-pin appearance w/ Donovan bodies → macrophages w/ G(-) rod
  • Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
A

Calymmatobacterium (Klebsiella) granulomatis

34
Q
  • Actinobacillus is its old genus
  • Aggregatibacter → current
  • Star-like colony
  • Causes subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
  • Included in the HACEK group
  • G/S
  • Appears as dots and dashes of Morse code
A

Actinobacillus or Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans

35
Q
  • Produces L-forms under the microscope
  • Has a defective cell wall
  • Causes rat bite fever and Haverhill disease
  • Rat bite fever can also be caused by Spirillum minor/minus and it is specifically called sudoku fever
  • Liquid/Broth medium: String of beads-like (pearls) and fluff ball appearance
  • Colony in Heart Infusion Agar: Fried egg colony
  • SPS sensitive
A

Streptobacillus monoliformis

36
Q
  • Opportunistic and is found in the environment
  • Can cause water contamination
  • Violacein pigment produces violet-colored colonies
  • Highly diagnostic and almost confirmatory since it is the sole violet bacteria
  • Quorum Sensing Standard
  • Inhibiting its pathogenicity by inhibiting its virulence factors, so that it won’t cause infections especially during research
A

Chromobacterium violaceum

37
Q
  • Causes SBE
  • G/S: Tear-drop shaped and forms rosette-like structure
A

Cardiobacterium hominis

38
Q
  • Characteristic gliding-like motility
  • Causes periodontal disease since it is a normal oral flora
  • A fusiform rod bacilli with pointed end
  • (+) nitrite, esculin hydrolysis
  • (-) oxidase, catalase
A

Capnocytophaga spp.

39
Q
  • Major cause of cat scratch disease
  • Can also be caused by: B. clarridgei (no endocarditis, may be present in others) OR B. elizabethiae
  • Also a cause of bacillary ongiomatosis
  • Obserevd using Warthin Starry Silver Impregnation
A

Bartonella henselae

40
Q
  • Destroys RBCs, causing a hemolytic type of anemia
  • Vector: sandfly
  • Causes: Carrion’s disease, Verruga peruana, Oroya fever
A

Bartonella bacilliformis

41
Q
  • (+) oxidase, catalse
  • Short, G(-) rods, aerobic, non-motile
  • Requires L-cysteine and iron for growth
  • Causes pontiac fever
  • Can be recovered from air conditioning and water cooling system
  • Needs a cold environment for transport and storage
  • Diagnosis: Direct fluorescence assay (DFA)
  • Culture: BCYE produces a blue-green colony with a cut-glass appearance OR Feeley-Gorman Medium produces a brown colony
  • Stain: Deiterle Silver Stain = black
A

Legionella pneumophila

42
Q
  • G(+) rod, motile at RT
  • Has a tumbling motility in broth
  • Beta-hemolytic on SBAP
  • Requires cold enrichment at 40C
  • (+) McBride
  • (+) Anton’s Test
  • (+) AMP Test + S. aureus
A

Listeria monocytogenes

43
Q
  • G(+) rod, non-motile,
  • (+) H2S
  • (-) catalase
  • Broth: test tube brush-like or bottle-brush-like pipe cleaner growth
  • Causes Erysipiloid or Butcher’s Cut or Diamond Cut
A

Erysiphilothrix rhusiophatiae

44
Q
  • G(+) actinomycete or bacilli
  • Not cultured, do cytogenetic analysis
  • One of the bacteria we subject to cytogenetic analysis
  • Causes Whipple’s Disease
  • Observe using
  • Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) in its vacuoles, macrophages
  • Diagnosis
  • PCR amplification of bowel or brain biopsy
A

Tropheryma whipplei

Clinical Bacteriology (33 decks)

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