(M) Lesson 7.2: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards
Staphylococcus
- Gram positive cocci in clusters
- Non-motile
- Non-sporeformer
- A facultative anaerobe
- Medically important species (pathogenic and are routinely isolated in the lab
Staphylococcus
Important biochemical property of Staphylococcus?
Catalase positive
What are the three medically important species of Staphylococcus?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Catalase
Positive
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Coagulase
Positive
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Salt (halo) (7.5 to 10% NaCl)
Tolerant
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Mannitol
Fermenter
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
DNAse
Positive
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Nitrate and Voges Proskauer (VP)
Positive
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
Gelatin
Positive
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
PYR
Negative
Give the result with respect to Staphylococcus aureus.
BAP
Yellow-orange colony
____, ____, and ____ are biochemically important in gram-negative organisms.
- Nitrate and VP
- Gelatin
- PYR
____, ____, ____, and ____ are mainly used for identification.
- Catalase
- Coagulase
- MSA
- DNAse
Having lipochrome results in?
Yellow-orange colony
Beta-hemolysis results in?
Yellow halo around the growth
What is the distinct smell of a pure colony of Staphylococcus?
Unwashed clothes or socks
Transmission routes from person to person happens through?
- Sneezing
- Formites
- Surgical wounds
- Infected patients
- Food
What are the virulence factors of Staphylococcus?
- Cell-associated factors
- Extracellular
Virulence Factors
- Already attached to the bacterial membrane, cytoplasm, or cell wall
- Ag in serology for identification
- Contributes to pathogenicity (how it can infect)
Cell-Associated Factors
Virulence Factors
- Released by bacterium depending on the environment
- Enzymes or toxins
- For protection
Extracellular
Cell-Associated Factors
Most important in Staphylococcus aureus
Protein A
Extracellular (Enzymes)
Familiarize yourself with the different enzymes.
- Catalase
- Free coagulase
- Lipase
- Hyaluronidase
- B-lactamase
- Staphylokinase
- Proteinases
Extracellular (Enzymes)
By all Staphylococcus
Catalase
Extracellular (Enzymes)
- By Staphylococcus aureus
- Protection from immune system
Free coagulase
Extracellular (Enzymes)
- Spreading factor
- Not unique to Staphylococcus aureus
- Infection spreads from one site to another
Hyaluronidase
Extracellular (Enzymes)
- Resistance to penicillin (and other antibiotics)
B-lactamase
Extracellular (Enzymes)
- Also known as fibrinolysin
- Lyses coagulase
- To undergo proper metabolism
Staphylokinase
Endotoxin or Exotoxin?
- By gram-negative organisms
- During cell death
- Less poisonous (lipopolysaccharide)
- Non-specific tissue affinity
Endotoxin
Endotoxin or Exotoxin?
- By gram-positive organisms
- During life cycle
- More poisonous (active)
- Specific tissue affinity
- More immunogenic
Exotoxin
Staphylococcus releases what type of toxins?
Exotoxins
Extracellular (Toxins)
What are the different types of toxins within Staphylococcus?
- Cytolytic Toxins (Hemolysin alpha, betta gamma, and delta + Leucocidin)
- Enterotoxin A-F
- Toxic Shock Syndrom Toxin-1 (TSST-1)
- Exfoliative
Determine the type of toxins.
- Targets cells like RBCs and WBCs
Cytolytic toxins