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PathoPharm 2 > lower respiratory disorders > Flashcards

lower respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

types pneumonia (6)

A
  • community acquired
  • nosocomial (hospital)
  • ventilator associated
  • healthcare associated
  • aspiration
  • opportunistic
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2
Q

what test do they use to determine if pneumonia pt should be in/outpatient

A

CURB-65 score

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3
Q

common opportunistic pneumonia

A

PCP

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4
Q

risk factors aspiration pneumonia (3)

A

tube feedings
strokes
surgery

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5
Q

S+S bacterial pneumonia (6)

A
  • sudden onset
  • cough
  • fever
  • chest pain
  • sob
  • decreased breath sounds
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6
Q

antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia

A

azithromycin

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7
Q

antibiotic for hospital acquired pneumonia

A

vancomycin

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8
Q

possible complications with vancomycin (3)

A

red man syndrome
ototoxic
hepatotoxic

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9
Q

antibiotic for children with pneumoni

A

amoxicillin

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10
Q

risk factors TB (2)

A
  • malnutrition

- poor hygiene

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11
Q

airborne precautions with TB (5)

A
  • negative pressure room
  • N95 mask
  • gown
  • mask
  • goggles
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12
Q

S+S TB (4)

A
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • productive cough
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13
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for general public without risk factors

A

15 mm

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14
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for people in longterm care facilities, IV drug users, medically underserved populations, healthcare workers

A

10 mm

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15
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for patients with HIV or who have had recent close contact to someone with active TB

A

5 mm

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16
Q

STRIPE meds for TB

A 
streptomycin
rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
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17
Q

what is important to remember with rifampin

A

turns bodily fluids red/orange

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18
Q

what is important to remember with isoniazid

A
  • monitor liver enzymes
  • no alcohol
  • give with Vitamin B6
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19
Q

risk factor pulmonary embolism (3)

A
  • stasis of blood (immobility, paralysis, stroke)
  • hypercoagulability (DVT, pregnancy, cancer)
  • endothelial injury (smoking, HTN)
20
Q

classic triad (+1) S+S pulmonary embolism

A
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • coughing up blood
  • hypoxia
21
Q

gold standard for diagnosis pulmonary embolism

A

chest CT w/o contrast

22
Q

how long should pt take anticoagulants for after 1st clot and after 2nd clot

A

after 1st: 6 months

after 2nd: rest of life

23
Q

treatment pulmonary embolism (5)

A
  • enoxaparin
  • heparin
  • warfarin
  • factor 10a inhibitors
  • thrombolytics
24
Q

where is only place you can inject enoxaparin

A

stomach

25
Q

reversal agent for heparin/lovenox

A

protamine sulfate (IVP)

26
Q

antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin k

27
Q

why would you need to reverse anticoagulants (3)

A
  • active bleeding
  • lab values above therapeutic
  • high fall risk
28
Q

what clotting test goes with heparin

A

PTT

29
Q

what clotting test goes with warfarin

A

PT

30
Q

purpose of thrombolytics

A

breaks down clots

31
Q

bleeding precautions if using anticoagulants/thrombolytics (RANDI)

A
  • razor = electric
  • aspirin NO
  • needles (small gauge)
  • decrease needle sticks
  • injury (protect from)
32
Q

what endocrine imbalance can lung cancer lead to

A

SIADH

33
Q

S+S lung cancer (6)

A
  • chronic cough (with blood)
  • chest pain
  • sob
  • hoarseness/change of voice
  • N/V
  • decreased appetite
34
Q

nursing considerations for bronchoscopy (2)

A
  • NPO 4-8 hours before

- no food until gag reflex returns postop

35
Q

what causes acute bronchitis

A

viral infection

36
Q

treatment acute bronchitis (3)

A
  • antitussives
  • oral corticosteroids
  • albuterol inhaler
37
Q

what causes pertussis

A

bacterial infection

38
Q

treatment for pertussis (2)

A
  • antibiotic: azithromycin

- get vaccine

39
Q

what causes lung abscess

A

bacterial infection

40
Q

treatment lung abscess (2)

A

antibiotics

drain with chest tube

41
Q

treatment pneumothorax

A

chest tube to evacuate air and let lung reexpand

42
Q

S+S tension pneumothorax

A

trachea off center (mediastinal shift)

43
Q

S+S flail chest (2)

A
  • paradoxical breathing

- resp distress

44
Q

3 causes pleural effusion

A
  • chest tube falling out
  • pneumonia
  • cardiac disorders
45
Q

pleural effusion is when fluid builds up in where

A

pleural space

46
Q

pulmonary edema is when fluid builds up in where

A

alveoli tissue

47
Q

2 meds for pulmonary HTN

A
  • viagra

- epoprostenol

PathoPharm 2 (33 decks)

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