lower respiratory disorders Flashcards
types pneumonia (6)
- community acquired
- nosocomial (hospital)
- ventilator associated
- healthcare associated
- aspiration
- opportunistic
what test do they use to determine if pneumonia pt should be in/outpatient
CURB-65 score
common opportunistic pneumonia
PCP
risk factors aspiration pneumonia (3)
tube feedings
strokes
surgery
S+S bacterial pneumonia (6)
- sudden onset
- cough
- fever
- chest pain
- sob
- decreased breath sounds
antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia
azithromycin
antibiotic for hospital acquired pneumonia
vancomycin
possible complications with vancomycin (3)
red man syndrome
ototoxic
hepatotoxic
antibiotic for children with pneumoni
amoxicillin
risk factors TB (2)
- malnutrition
- poor hygiene
airborne precautions with TB (5)
- negative pressure room
- N95 mask
- gown
- mask
- goggles
S+S TB (4)
- fever
- night sweats
- fatigue
- productive cough
TB skin test: what is positive for general public without risk factors
15 mm
TB skin test: what is positive for people in longterm care facilities, IV drug users, medically underserved populations, healthcare workers
10 mm
TB skin test: what is positive for patients with HIV or who have had recent close contact to someone with active TB
5 mm
STRIPE meds for TB
streptomycin rifampin isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol
what is important to remember with rifampin
turns bodily fluids red/orange
what is important to remember with isoniazid
- monitor liver enzymes
- no alcohol
- give with Vitamin B6
risk factor pulmonary embolism (3)
- stasis of blood (immobility, paralysis, stroke)
- hypercoagulability (DVT, pregnancy, cancer)
- endothelial injury (smoking, HTN)
classic triad (+1) S+S pulmonary embolism
- dyspnea
- chest pain
- coughing up blood
- hypoxia
gold standard for diagnosis pulmonary embolism
chest CT w/o contrast
how long should pt take anticoagulants for after 1st clot and after 2nd clot
after 1st: 6 months
after 2nd: rest of life
treatment pulmonary embolism (5)
- enoxaparin
- heparin
- warfarin
- factor 10a inhibitors
- thrombolytics
where is only place you can inject enoxaparin
stomach
reversal agent for heparin/lovenox
protamine sulfate (IVP)
antidote for warfarin
vitamin k
why would you need to reverse anticoagulants (3)
- active bleeding
- lab values above therapeutic
- high fall risk
what clotting test goes with heparin
PTT
what clotting test goes with warfarin
PT
purpose of thrombolytics
breaks down clots
bleeding precautions if using anticoagulants/thrombolytics (RANDI)
- razor = electric
- aspirin NO
- needles (small gauge)
- decrease needle sticks
- injury (protect from)
what endocrine imbalance can lung cancer lead to
SIADH
S+S lung cancer (6)
- chronic cough (with blood)
- chest pain
- sob
- hoarseness/change of voice
- N/V
- decreased appetite
nursing considerations for bronchoscopy (2)
- NPO 4-8 hours before
- no food until gag reflex returns postop
what causes acute bronchitis
viral infection
treatment acute bronchitis (3)
- antitussives
- oral corticosteroids
- albuterol inhaler
what causes pertussis
bacterial infection
treatment for pertussis (2)
- antibiotic: azithromycin
- get vaccine
what causes lung abscess
bacterial infection
treatment lung abscess (2)
antibiotics
drain with chest tube
treatment pneumothorax
chest tube to evacuate air and let lung reexpand
S+S tension pneumothorax
trachea off center (mediastinal shift)
S+S flail chest (2)
- paradoxical breathing
- resp distress
3 causes pleural effusion
- chest tube falling out
- pneumonia
- cardiac disorders
pleural effusion is when fluid builds up in where
pleural space
pulmonary edema is when fluid builds up in where
alveoli tissue
2 meds for pulmonary HTN
- viagra
- epoprostenol
