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lower respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

types pneumonia (6)

A
  • community acquired
  • nosocomial (hospital)
  • ventilator associated
  • healthcare associated
  • aspiration
  • opportunistic
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2
Q

what test do they use to determine if pneumonia pt should be in/outpatient

A

CURB-65 score

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3
Q

common opportunistic pneumonia

A

PCP

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4
Q

risk factors aspiration pneumonia (3)

A

tube feedings
strokes
surgery

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5
Q

S+S bacterial pneumonia (6)

A
  • sudden onset
  • cough
  • fever
  • chest pain
  • sob
  • decreased breath sounds
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6
Q

antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia

A

azithromycin

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7
Q

antibiotic for hospital acquired pneumonia

A

vancomycin

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8
Q

possible complications with vancomycin (3)

A

red man syndrome
ototoxic
hepatotoxic

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9
Q

antibiotic for children with pneumoni

A

amoxicillin

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10
Q

risk factors TB (2)

A
  • malnutrition

- poor hygiene

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11
Q

airborne precautions with TB (5)

A
  • negative pressure room
  • N95 mask
  • gown
  • mask
  • goggles
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12
Q

S+S TB (4)

A
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • productive cough
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13
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for general public without risk factors

A

15 mm

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14
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for people in longterm care facilities, IV drug users, medically underserved populations, healthcare workers

A

10 mm

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15
Q

TB skin test: what is positive for patients with HIV or who have had recent close contact to someone with active TB

A

5 mm

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16
Q

STRIPE meds for TB

A 
streptomycin
rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
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17
Q

what is important to remember with rifampin

A

turns bodily fluids red/orange

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18
Q

what is important to remember with isoniazid

A
  • monitor liver enzymes
  • no alcohol
  • give with Vitamin B6
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19
Q

risk factor pulmonary embolism (3)

A
  • stasis of blood (immobility, paralysis, stroke)
  • hypercoagulability (DVT, pregnancy, cancer)
  • endothelial injury (smoking, HTN)
20
Q

classic triad (+1) S+S pulmonary embolism

A
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • coughing up blood
  • hypoxia
21
Q

gold standard for diagnosis pulmonary embolism

A

chest CT w/o contrast

22
Q

how long should pt take anticoagulants for after 1st clot and after 2nd clot

A

after 1st: 6 months

after 2nd: rest of life

23
Q

treatment pulmonary embolism (5)

A
  • enoxaparin
  • heparin
  • warfarin
  • factor 10a inhibitors
  • thrombolytics
24
Q

where is only place you can inject enoxaparin

25
reversal agent for heparin/lovenox
protamine sulfate (IVP)
26
antidote for warfarin
vitamin k
27
why would you need to reverse anticoagulants (3)
- active bleeding - lab values above therapeutic - high fall risk
28
what clotting test goes with heparin
PTT
29
what clotting test goes with warfarin
PT
30
purpose of thrombolytics
breaks down clots
31
bleeding precautions if using anticoagulants/thrombolytics (RANDI)
- razor = electric - aspirin NO - needles (small gauge) - decrease needle sticks - injury (protect from)
32
what endocrine imbalance can lung cancer lead to
SIADH
33
S+S lung cancer (6)
- chronic cough (with blood) - chest pain - sob - hoarseness/change of voice - N/V - decreased appetite
34
nursing considerations for bronchoscopy (2)
- NPO 4-8 hours before | - no food until gag reflex returns postop
35
what causes acute bronchitis
viral infection
36
treatment acute bronchitis (3)
- antitussives - oral corticosteroids - albuterol inhaler
37
what causes pertussis
bacterial infection
38
treatment for pertussis (2)
- antibiotic: azithromycin | - get vaccine
39
what causes lung abscess
bacterial infection
40
treatment lung abscess (2)
antibiotics | drain with chest tube
41
treatment pneumothorax
chest tube to evacuate air and let lung reexpand
42
S+S tension pneumothorax
trachea off center (mediastinal shift)
43
S+S flail chest (2)
- paradoxical breathing | - resp distress
44
3 causes pleural effusion
- chest tube falling out - pneumonia - cardiac disorders
45
pleural effusion is when fluid builds up in where
pleural space
46
pulmonary edema is when fluid builds up in where
alveoli tissue
47
2 meds for pulmonary HTN
- viagra | - epoprostenol

PathoPharm 2 (33 decks)

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