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PathoPharm 2 > ch 31 cardiovascular assessment > Flashcards

ch 31 cardiovascular assessment Flashcards

1
Q

classes of meds that can have potential cardiovascular adverse effects (7)

A
  • anticancer meds
  • antipsychotics
  • corticosteroids
  • hormone therapy/oral contraceptives
  • NSAIDs
  • psychostimulants
  • tricyclic antidepressants
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2
Q

major cardiovascular risk factors (6)

A
  • abnormal serum lipids
  • HTN
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • smoking
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3
Q

cardiovascular abnormalities found upon inspection (5)

A
  • cyanosis
  • nail clubbing
  • JVD
  • ulcers
  • varicose veins
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4
Q

cardiovascular abnormalities found upon palpation (6)

A
  • HR >100 bpm or <60 bpm
  • absent pulse
  • bounding pulse
  • irregular pulse
  • thready pulse
  • thrill
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5
Q

cardiovascular abnormalities found in extremities (4)

A
  • abnormal cap refill (>2 secs)
  • asymmetry in limb circumference
  • cold extremities or unusually warm extremities
  • pitting edema
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6
Q

cardiovascular abnormalities found upon ausculatation

A
  • S3
  • S4
  • bruit
  • murmur
  • pericardial friction rub (high pitched scratchy sound)
  • pulse deficit
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7
Q

whats the normal range for BNP

A

<100

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8
Q

who might have increased bnp

A

with HF or after heart surgery

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9
Q

normal range for CK-MB

A

<4-6%

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10
Q

who might have increased CK-MB

A

pt who has recently had MI

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11
Q

normal range for copeptin

A

<10

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12
Q

who might have increased copeptin

A

pt with MI

influenced by fasting and water load

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13
Q

normal ranges for C reactive protein (low-high risk)

A

lowest risk: <1
moderate risk: 1-3
high risk: >3

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14
Q

who might have increased c reactive proteins

A

higher risk for cardiac disease and MI

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15
Q

normal range for homocysteine

A

4-14

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16
Q

who might have increased homocysteine

A

risk factor for cardiovascular disease

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17
Q

normal ranges for NT-Pro-BNP (<74 yo, >75 yo)

A

<74 yo = 124

>75 yo = 449

18
Q

who might have increased NT-Pro-BNP

A

helps assess severity of HF

levels higher in women and pts with renal insufficiency

19
Q

normal range for troponin (T and I)

A

T: <0.1
I: <0.03

20
Q

who might have increased troponin

A

cardiac injury/ischemia

21
Q

normal range for cholesterol

A

<200

22
Q

who might have increased cholesterol

A

associated with atherosclerosis

risk factor cardiovascular heart disease

23
Q

normal range for lipoprotein a

A

<30

24
Q

who might have increased lipoprotein a

A

increased risk for atherosclerosis, MI, stroke

25
Q

normal range for high density lipoprotein (low and high risk)

A

low risk: >60

high risk: <40

26
Q

normal range for low density lipoprotein (normal and high risk)

A

normal: <130

high risk: >160

27
Q

normal range for triglycerides (men and women)

A

men: 40-160
women: 35-135

28
Q

who might have increased triglycerides

A

cardiovascular disease and diabetes

29
Q

what should pts getting triglycerides tested avoid for 24 hr before

A

alcohol

30
Q

nursing considerations with ECG testing

A

-tell pt to lay down and lay still

31
Q

what should you tell pt before exercise treadmill test (3)

A
  • hold b blocker for 24 hr before
  • no caffeine 24 hr before
  • no smoking or strenuous activity 3 hrs before
32
Q

how should you position pts for echocardiogram

A

left side

33
Q

substitute for exercise test for pts unable to exercise

-IV meds are given during ECG to detect wall motion abnormalities

A

pharm echocardiogram

34
Q

what is the purpose of cardiovascular MRI

A

provides information about heart tissues, EF, aneurysms, cardiac output, and patency of proximal coronary arteries

35
Q

nursing considerations before MRI

A
  • assess for pregnancy, allergies, and renal function before

- ask about any implants

36
Q

what is the purpose of transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

A

pt swallows probe and gets pics of heart size, wall motion, valve abnormalities, endocarditis vegetation, possible source of thrombi

37
Q

nursing considerations before TEE

A

before: fast for 6+ hrs
during: bite block in mouth, monitor SpO2 and bp
after: NPO until gag reflex returns, temporary sore throat

38
Q

what is the purpose of cardiac catheterization

A

evaluates chest pain and obtains info about about aorta, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery and veins

39
Q

nursing considerations cardiac catheterization

A

preop:
- assess for allergies to contrast
- NPO 6-12 hrs before

postop:
- observe insertion site for hematoma q15 mins for first hour

40
Q

what pts would TEE testing be contraindicated in (3)

A
  • esophogeal disorder
  • dysphagia
  • radiation therapy to chest wall

PathoPharm 2 (33 decks)

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