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PathoPharm 2 > ch 30 hematologic disorders > Flashcards

ch 30 hematologic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lifespan of RBCs in the body

A

120 days

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2
Q

Hg range for male and female

A

M: 14-18
F: 12-16

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3
Q

Hct range for male and female

A

M: 42-52
F: 37-47

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4
Q

with what hemoglobin level should someone get a blood transfuion

A

below or equal to 8

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5
Q

what does dehydration do to hematocrit levels

A

increases Hct

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6
Q

S+S anemia (6)

A
  • tachycardia
  • cool pale skin/mucous membranes
  • SOB
  • activity intolerance
  • fatigue
  • pika (eating a lot of ice)
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7
Q

what is MCV

A

how big is RBC (microcytic or macrocytic)

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8
Q

what is MCH

A

what color is RBC (hypochromic, normochromic)

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9
Q

where are RBCs produced

A

in bone marrow (stimulated by erythropoeitin from kidneys)

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10
Q

causes of iron deficiency anemia (6)

A
  • malabsorption
  • bowel surgery
  • gastric bypass surgery
  • long term use PPIs
  • blood loss
  • cancer
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11
Q

where is iron absorbed

A

stomach/small bowel

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12
Q

what is MCV and MCH of iron deficiency anemia

A

microcytic, hypochromic

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13
Q

diagnostic of iron deficiency anemia

A

decreased ferritin level in CBC

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14
Q

treatment iron deficiency anemia (2)

A 
iron supplements (PO or parenteral)
blood transfusion with PRBCs (if Hgb <8)
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15
Q

side effects iron supplements (2)

A
  • constipation

- black tarry stools

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16
Q

how should pt take PO iron supplement

A

with empty stomach

with orange juice

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17
Q

how should pt take liquid iron supplement

A

through straw (stains teeth)

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18
Q

treatment vit b12 anemia

A

parenteral admin vit b12

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19
Q

causes folic acid deficiency (3)

A
  • chronic alcohol abuse
  • malabsorption syndromes
  • lost during hemodialysis
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20
Q

most common cause of anemia of chronic disease

A

end stage renal disease

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21
Q

treatment anemia of chronic disease

A

epoeitin alpha (parenteral injection)

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22
Q

what blood level should you check before admin of epoeitin alpha

A

hemoglobin

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23
Q

what causes aplastic anemia

A

pancytopenia

-can be congenital or acquired through radiation

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24
Q

treatment aplastic anemia (2)

A

epoeitin alpha

blood transfusions

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25
causes blood loss anemia (3)
``` ACUTE -trauma -surgery -GI bleeds CHRONIC -colon cancer -IBS -heavy/long periods ```
26
causes sickle cell anemia
inherited from both parents
27
what happens in sickle cell anemia crisis
RBCs change shape in response to decreased O2 levels | they stick together and get stuck in capillaries, causing blood clotting throughout body and sickle cell crisis
28
S+S sickle cell anemia crisis (3)
- pain - fatigue - pallor
29
complications of sickle cell anemia crisis (3)
- kidney failure - death - infections (pneumonia)
30
who is screened for sickle cell anemia
all women during pregnancy (DNA testing)
31
triggers of vasoactive crisis in sickle cell anemia (3)
- high altitude - dehydration - infections (especially resp illness)
32
how to prevent vasoactive crisis of sickle cell anemia (4)
- daily folic acid supplement - hydroxyurea - adequate hydration - flu vaccine
33
treatment of vasoactive crisis of sickle cell anemia (4)
- hydrate - O2 - monitor ABGs for metabolic acidosis - pain meds (IV opioids)
34
cause of hemochromatosis
inherited from both parents
35
what is hemochromatosis
increased absorption of iron in intestines and increased deposits of iron in tissues (liver)
36
complication of hemochromatosis
liver failure
37
treatment hemochromatosis
-remove excess iron from body (donate blood or dialysis)
38
what is polycythemia
increased production of RBCs
39
causes of polycythemia (4)
- epoeitin alpha side effect - testosterone supplement side effect - COPD - smoking
40
what are pts with polycythemia at high risk for developing
DVTs and PEs (because of hypercoagulable state)
41
treatment polycythemia
donate blood
42
what are pts with thrombocytopenia at risk for
increased bleeding
43
causes thrombocytopenia (2)
- aplastic anemia | - heparin side effect
44
what gender is more likely to have hemophilia
men
45
causes hemophilia
inherited blood disorder
46
what is hemophilia
affects clotting cascade
47
treatment hemophilia (2)
- give missing clotting factor | - give pooled platelets
48
nursing considerations hemophilia (3)
- avoid injury - avoid meds that increase bleeding (NSAIDs/ASA) - watch for prolonged nosebleed, tarry stools, hematuria, coffee ground emesis
49
cause of neutropenia
chemotherapy
50
what are pts with neutropenia at increased risk for
infection
51
treatment neutropenia (2)
- reverse isolation (pts and nurse wear PPE) | - give filgrastim
52
what pt would receive pooled platelets
hemophilia
53
what pt would receive PRBCs
anemia
54
admin considerations for blood products (5)
- infuse over 2 hours - infuse within 30 mins of receiving from blood bank - give with normal saline - 2 RNs required for admin - monitor constantly for first 15 mins
55
causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- pregnancy | - side effect of certain meds
56
what is disseminated intravascular coagulation
massive clotting depletes body of clotting factors, resulting in massive bleeds
57
what can disseminated intravascular coagulation lead to (2)
- thrombocytopenia | - multi organ failure
58
treatment disseminated intravascular coagulation (2)
- pooled platelets or FFP | - heparin or enoxaparin
59
what is leukemia
prevalence of immature WBCs | disorder of bone marrow
60
how is leukemia classified
acute/chronic and lymphocytic/myelogenous | ALL, CLL, AML, CML
61
is acute or chronic leukemia more severe
acute
62
S+S leukemia
(ANT) anemia neutropenia thrombocytopenia
63
treatment leukemia (2)
- chemo/radiation | - bone marrow transplant
64
how is lymphoma classified (2)
hodgkins or non-hodgkins
65
which type of lymphoma is more treatable
hodgkins
66
what is a risk factor for developing hodgkins lymphoma
epstein-barre virus
67
who is more likely to have hodgkins lymphoma (2)
- men | - immunocompromised (HIV pts)
68
S+S hodgkins lymphoma (5)
- enlarged lymph nodes (1st sign) - weight loss - fever - fatigue - night sweats
69
diagnosis of (non)hodgkins lymphoma
biopsy of infected lymph nodes | hodgkins shows reed-sternberg cells
70
treatment (non)hodgkins lymphoma
chemo/radiation
71
what race is more likely to have sickle cell anemia
african american

PathoPharm 2 (33 decks)

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