Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PathoPharm 2 > ch 33 coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome > Flashcards

ch 33 coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD (4)

A
  • increasing age
  • gender (most = middle aged men)
  • ethnicity (white)
  • genetic predisposition and family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

modifiable risk factors for CAD (9)

A
  • increased serum lipids (diet and exercise)
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • HTN
  • physical immobility
  • diabetes
  • psychologic states
  • hemocysteine level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of beginning injuries that cause atherosclerosis (3)

A
  • HTN
  • T2 DM
  • smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

recommended HDL levels for male and female

A

M >40

F>50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HDL levels that indicate low risk CAD

A

> 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HDL levels that indicate high risk CAD

A

<40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

recommended LDL levels

A

<100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LDL levels that indicate moderate risk CAD

A

130-159

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LDL levels that indicate high risk CAD

A

> 160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

first line meds for high cholesterol

A

antihyperlipidemics (statins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

purpose of statins (2)

A

lowers cholesterol

lowers risk MI and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what should you monitor in pts on statins

A

liver enzymes (creatinine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

common side effects of statins

A

muscle soreness/aches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complication of statins

A

rhabdomylosis: breakdown of skeletal muscle, leads to renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

med: cholesterol absorption inhibitor
inhibits absorption cholesterol in GI
side effect: diarrhea

A

ezetimibe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

side effect of niacin and how to prevent it

A

severe facial flushing after taking

-prevent: take 81 mg aspirin 30 mins before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

med that reduces triglyceride levels (fibrates)

A

fenofibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

med that inhibits absorption cholesterol in intestines (bile acid sequestrant). usually given to prevent diarrhea after cholecystectomy

A

cholestyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 alternative therapies for treating high LDLs

A

high doses garlic

red yeast rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what should you watch for with pt taking high doses garlic supplements

A

increased bleeding time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lack of bloodflow to area of heart, demand O2>supply

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what diseases are associated with silent ischemia (2)

A
  • HTN

- T2 DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 types angina

A
  • chronic stable

- unstable

24
Q

intermittent chest pain with exertion over period of time in predictable fashion, relieved with rest

  • more likely in men
  • at risk for MI
A

chronic stable angina

25
new onset chest pain that occurs at rest or with increasing frequency/duration
unstable angina
26
what med treats chest pain when it occurs in chronic stable angina
nitroglycerin (short acting nitrate)
27
what med prevents chest pain with chronic stable angina
nitroglycerin ointment or patch | isordil (long acting nitrates)
28
what meds can you give for chronic stable angina
- nitroglycerin - nitroglycerin ointment/patch - b blocker (slows HR) - calcium channel blocker (slows HR) - ACE inhibitor (lowers bp)
29
what should you educate pts about when taking nitroglycerin for chronic stable angina (6)
- take with 1st signs angina - if 1st dose doesn't help, call 911 before taking 2nd dose - keep med in vial bc sunlight breaks it down - replace q6months - put paste on upper chest - only wear patch during day
30
type of angina not due to atherosclerosis | caused by coronary artery spasms causing decreased bloodflow, usually during sleep
prinzmetals angina
31
treatment prinzmetals angina
calcium channel blockers
32
diagnostic options for coronary artery disease (2)
- ECG | - stress test
33
what med should you hold before stress test for CAD
b blocker
34
what meds can be given instead of running for stress test to diagnose CAD (2)
dobutamine | lexiscan
35
2 ways to prevent MI with diagnosis of CAD after stress test
- cardiac catheterization | - percutaneous coronary intervention (balloon or stent)
36
preop nursing considerations for cardiac cath (4)
- NPO 8 hrs before - hold ED meds 48 hrs before - clip hair at site - check allergies: shellfish (if DM hold metformin)
37
postop nursing considerations for cardiac cath
AT HIGH RISK FOR MAJOR BLEED - sandbags, pressure dressing, or c-clamp on femoral site - assess site for bleeding q15 mins - assess VS q15 mins for 1st hour
38
2 types acute coronary syndrome
- ST-elevation MI (STEMI) | - non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI)
39
what is acute coronary syndrome
MI
40
difference between STEMI and NSTEMI
STEMI: 100% occlusion coronary artery NSTEMI: significant blockage but <100%
41
3 areas of damage after MI
- area of infarction (irreversible) - area of injury - area of ischemia
42
S+S unstable angina (ACS) (6)
- new/change in/worsening of chest pain - chest pain at rest - SNS response: increased HR and bp - S3 and S4 heart sounds - N/V - fever, fatigue, sweating
43
how does scar tissue affect heart after MI healing
dysrhythmias and decreased cardiac output | scar tissue doesn't conduct impulses or contract the same
44
complications of MI
- dysrhythmias - HF - cardiogenic shock (severe hypotension) - papillary muscle dysfunction (heart valves don't work) - ventricular aneurysm (bulge and rupture of ventricle) - acute pericarditis (dressler syndrome: 6 weeks after MI)
45
diagnosis of unstable angina and MI (3)
- ECG - cardiac markers (CK-MB) - if normal cardiac markers, exercise stress test
46
what is included in CK-MB
- creatine kinase (peaks late in MI) | - troponin T + I (peaks early in MI)
47
emergency management unstable angina/MI
``` (MONA) Morphine O2 Nitroglycerin Aspirin (325 mg, CHEW) ```
48
3 treatment options unstable angina/MI
- fibrinolytic therapy - coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) - percutaneous coronary intervention (stent or balloon)
49
what are pts high risk for after CABG (2)
- dysrhythmias | - tamponade
50
meds for acute ACS
- antiplatelet (aspirin) or clopidogrel (plavix) - nitroglycerin - morphine
51
meds for post MI
- b blocker - ACE/ARB - antidysrhythmic drug - statin - stool softeners
52
nutrition considerations for post MI pt (3)
- low salt - low sat fat - low cholesterol
53
what can aspirin toxicity cause (2)
tinnitus | reyes syndrome in children <12
54
risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD) (7)
- smoking - HTN - DM - family history - cardiomyopathy (in peds patients) - hypercholesteremia - coronary artery disease
55
causes stable angina (8)
- physical exertion - temperature extremes - strong emotions - consumption of heavy meals - smoking - sexual activity - stimulants - circadian rhythm patterns (morning)

PathoPharm 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions