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Biology I > LO9 > Flashcards

LO9 Flashcards

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1
Q

light travels from the sun to earth in _________

A

waves

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2
Q

sunlight consists of energy waves called _________

A

photons

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3
Q

photons with shorter wavelengths have ______ energy

A

more

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4
Q

photosynthesis required photons in the _____ range

A

visible

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5
Q

when molecules absorb photons a __________ become energized

A

valence electron

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6
Q

definition: molecules that get excited by light

A

pigments

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7
Q

_______________ pigments are embedded in the ___________- of chloroplasts in plants and algae

A

photosynthetic; thylakoid membranes

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8
Q

pigments that absorb blue and red light

A

chlorophylls a and b

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9
Q

chlorophylls a and b reflect ____ light

A

green

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10
Q

absorb blue light and reflect red and orange

A

carotenoids

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11
Q

chlorophyll molecules have a 2-part structure

A
  1. porphyrin ring
  2. hydrocarbon tail
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12
Q

the porphyrin ring in the chlorophyll molecule does what?

A

absorb light

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13
Q

the hydrocarbon tail in the chlorophyll molecule does what?

A

anchors the molecule in the thylakoid membrane

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14
Q

photosynthesis is ____ and ______

A

anabolic; endergonic

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15
Q

summary equation of photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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16
Q

in photosynthesis ____ energy is converted to _____ energy

A

light(kinetic); chemical(potential)

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17
Q

hydrogen atoms are _______ to form organic molecules

A

reduced

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18
Q

oxygen atoms from water are_______

A

oxidized

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19
Q

photosynthesis occurs in ___ phases

A

two

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20
Q

Phase 1 of Photosynthesis

A
  • light dependent reactions require thylakoid membranes
  • use light energy to generate ATP and NADPH
  • produces oxygen
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21
Q

Phase 2 of Photosynthesis

A
  • carbon fixation reactions
  • use ATP and NADPH to form organic molecules
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22
Q

definition: process that takes the carbon in inorganic CO2 and incorporates it into organic molecules

A

carbon fixation

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23
Q

carbon fixation reactions occur in the _____

A

stroma

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24
Q

definition: collection of 1000s of pigment molecules + enzymes and other proeins

A

photosystem

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25
Q

pigments are in ________

A

photosystems

26
Q

photosystems have a _________ that include two chlorophyll a molecules

A

reaction center

27
Q

definition: only pigment that transfers electrons to electron carrier molecules when excited by light

A

chlorophyll a

28
Q

chlorophyll a is the _____ photosynthetic pigement

A

primary

29
Q

Chlorophyll b is the ______ photosynthetic pigment

A

secondary

30
Q

Chlorophyll b, carotenoids and other secondary photosynthetic pigments do what?

A

pass energy to chlorphyll a

31
Q

photosystem I (P____)

A

700

32
Q

photosystem II (P____)

A

680

33
Q

Photosystem I has a reaction center that gets most excited by

A

700 nm wavelength photons

34
Q

Photosystem II has a reaction center that gets most excited by

A

680 nm wavelength photons

35
Q

Begins when pigment molecules absorb photons

A

LDR

36
Q

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon

A

energy is passed from one molecule to another until it reaches a photosystem reaction center

37
Q

Photosystem I (700) and Photosystem II (680) have their own ____ that occur simultaneously

A

ETC

38
Q

electrons from chlorophyll a become energized and are _______

A

transferred to a primary electron acceptor

39
Q

electrons flow from the P700 reaction center through a series of electron carrier molecules to _______

A

ferredoxin

40
Q

electrons flow from the P680 reaction center through a series of electron carrier molecules to _______

A

P700

41
Q

Definition: an iron containing protein

A

ferredoxin

42
Q

ferredoxin reduces_________

A

NADP+ –> NADPH

43
Q

ferredoxin reduces NADP+ –> NADPH into the _____

A

stroma

44
Q

definition: the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis

A

NADPH

45
Q

electrons from _____ reaction center replace electrons lost from the ______ reaction center

A

P680; P700

46
Q

photolysis of H2O yields ___ e- to replace those lost by the ______ reaction center

A

2; P680

47
Q

a portion of the cytochrome complex functions as a ________

A

proton pump

48
Q

synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis and phosphorylation

A
  1. stroma –> thylakoid lumen
  2. thylakoid lumen –> to stroma through proton channel in ATP synthase
49
Q

Calvin cycle converts ___ into _____ molecules

A

CO2; organic

50
Q

calvin cycle requires ___ and ____ from the light dependent reaction

A

ATP;NADPH

51
Q

Step 1: calvin cycle

A
  • CO uptake phase fixes carbon
  • CO2 reacts with 5-C RuBP to from 2 3-C PGA
    -catalyzed by rubisco
  • carbon fixation has occured
52
Q

Calvin cycle step 2: carbon ____ phase

A

reduction

53
Q

during carbon reduction energy from ATP and NADPH is used to convert ____ to ____

A

PGA to G3P

54
Q

_____ final product of calvin cycle

A

G3P

55
Q

in calvin cycle 2 what is needed and what is formed?

A
  • one glucose formed from 2 G3P
  • 6 CO2 needed for net yield of 2 G3P
56
Q

G3P can then be used by a _______

A

photoautotroph

57
Q

G3P is used by a photoautotroph to make

A
  • glucose or other simple sugars
  • sucrose
  • complex carbs
  • amino acids and/or lipids
58
Q

things made by photoautotroph can be broken down during cellular respiration to…?

A

make ATP or use as building blocks

59
Q

calvin cycle step 3 known as

A

RuBP Regeneration Phase

60
Q

in step 3 for every ____ CO2 molecule that enter ___ G3P are produced

A

6; 12

61
Q

RuBP regeneration requires a ________ from ATP

A

phosphate group

Biology I (15 decks)

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