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Biology I > LO4 > Flashcards

LO4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic unit of life
  2. Cells come from other cells
  3. All cells evolved from a common ancestor
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2
Q

What does the plasma membrane do

A

regulates the movement of materials in and out of a cell

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3
Q

cells need a ___ surface area relative to their internal volume

A

large

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4
Q

allows a cell to function as a distinct entity, separate from its environment

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

as cells grow larger

A
  1. plasma membrane becomes limiting
  2. volume increases at a greater rate than SA
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6
Q

folds of the plasma membrane

A

microvilli

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7
Q

surface area of a cell is represented by

A

plasma membrane

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8
Q

volume of a cell represented by

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

In prokaryotic cells DNA is found in

A

the nucleoid

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10
Q

Structures that could be found in prokaryotic cell

A

cytoskeleton, ribosomes, cytosol, plasma membrane, DNA, cell wall, flagella

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11
Q

all cell components outside of nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

membrane enclosed organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Includes all components within the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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14
Q

divide cells into compartments

A

membrane-bound organelles

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15
Q

fluid component of cytoplasm

A

cytosol

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16
Q

nucleus is the site of

A

transcription and ribosomes assembly

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17
Q

nucleus is formed by

A

nuclear envelope

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18
Q

nuclear envelope is a _____ membrane

A

double

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19
Q

Openings in the nuclear envelope

A

nuclear pores

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20
Q

nuclear pores regulate the passage of materials

A

between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm

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21
Q

are made up of protein and RNA molecules

A

ribosomes

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22
Q

can be found free in the cytoplasm

A

ribosomes

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23
Q

contain the enzyme to form peptide bonds

A

Ribosomes

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24
Q

Begin their assembly in the nucleolus

A

ribosomes

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25
Q

DNA + protein

A

chromatin

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26
Q

a network of membrane-bound organelles that exchange materials with each other through transport vesicles

A

endomembrane system

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27
Q

endoplasmic reticulum is a part of the

A

endomembrane system

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28
Q

plasma membrane is a part of the

A

endomembrane system

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29
Q

nucleus is a part of the

A

endomembrane system

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30
Q

various vesicles and vacuoles are apart of the

A

endomembrane system

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31
Q

peroxisomes are a part of the

A

endomembrane system

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32
Q

golgi complexes is a part of the

A

endomembrane system

33
Q

lysosomes are a part of the

A

endomembrane system

34
Q

has a great deal of surface area

A

endoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

may have ribosomes on its outer surface

A

endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

extends from the nucleus

A

endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

has an inner fluid filled space called the lumen

A

endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

makes new membrane (i.e. phospholipid bilayer) for a cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

involved in protein synthesis

A

rough ER

40
Q

Proteins are folded and modified in

A

RER lumen

41
Q

break down organelles

A

lysosomes

42
Q

golgi consists of flattened membranous sacs called

A

cisternae

43
Q

In what order is a the transport of a glycoprotein that is destined to be secreted from a cell

A
  1. modified in the RER
  2. Transport vesicle
  3. cis face of Golgi
  4. trans face of Golgi
  5. secretory vesicle
  6. plasma membrane
44
Q

lysosomes bud off of the

A

Golgi complex

45
Q

makes phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones

A

smooth ER

46
Q

breaks down glycogen to glucose in the liver

A

smooth ER

47
Q

detoxifies the liver by breaking down toxins

A

smooth ER

48
Q

makes cell wall polysaccharides in plant cells

A

golgi complex

49
Q

modifies and routes proteins from the ER

A

golgi complex

50
Q

lysosomes and peroxisomes are

A

digestive organelles

51
Q

contain digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

52
Q

are found in animal cells

A

lysosomes

53
Q

break down extracellular materials

A

lysosomes

54
Q

small membrane-bound organelles, similar to lysosomes, that break down fatty acids and some toxins

A

peroxisomes

55
Q

animal and plant cells have

A

vacuoles

56
Q

membranous fluid-filled sacs that lack internal structure

A

vacuoles

57
Q

chloroplasts and mitochondria

A
  1. have their own unique DNA
    2.have their own ribosomes
  2. have two membranes
  3. are found in plant cells
58
Q

water fills the large central vacuole to maintain cell firmness

A

turgor pressure

59
Q

regulates apoptosis by activating certain enzymes

A

mitochondria

60
Q

the innermost fluid-filled compartment

A

matrix

61
Q

has a fluid filled space called the stroma

A

chloroplasts

62
Q

supporting internal framework of protein filaments

A

cytoskeleton

63
Q

folded membrane for chloroplasts

A

thylakoids

64
Q

cytoskeleton is present only in

A

certain animals

65
Q

microtubules are used in

A

movement and transport

66
Q

Microtubules are hollow cylinders made from the protein

A

tubulin

67
Q

In animals MTOC (also called centrosomes) are made of

A

two centrioles

68
Q

each centriole is made of ___ arrangement

A

9x3

69
Q

cilia and flagella are made from

A

microtubules

70
Q

cilia and flagella have a ___ arrangement

A

9+2

71
Q

Forms tracks throughout the cytoplasm

A

microtubules

72
Q

form the spindle that moves condensed chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

A

microtubules

73
Q

cilia and flagella are anchored in a cell by

A

basal body

74
Q

animal extracellular matrix is composed of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins such as

A

collegen

75
Q

solid fibers made from protein actin

A

microfilaments

76
Q

form cell extensions called microvilli that increase surface area

A

microfilaments

77
Q

involved in the separation of daughter cells during cell division

A

microfilaments

78
Q

animals cells lack a cell wall but have an

A

extracellular matrix(ECM)

79
Q

cell wall is made of

A

polysaccharides

Biology I (15 decks)

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