Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology I > LO17 > Flashcards

LO17 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

definition: defines a species as one or more populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

biological species concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

according to the BSC members of one species are what from members of a different species?

A

reproductively isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some limitations of the BSC

A
  • cannot be applied to asexual or extinct organisms
  • different species occasionally interbreed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why can’t the BSC be applied to asexual or extinct organisms?

A

Because it is impossible to know about interbreeding in extinct organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

definition: evolution of new species

A

speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does the speciation process begin?

A

When a population becomes reproductively isolated from other members of its species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

definition: occurs when interbreeding is prevented between populations

A

reproductive isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens as a result of reproductive isolation?

A

The gene pools of the separated populations begin to diverge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What would happen when enough genetic differences accumulate?

A

Gene flow no longer occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of speciation?

A

allopatric and sympatric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, ad gene flow result in what?

A

microevolution and origin of new species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

definition: occurs when a population becomes geographically isolated from other populations of its species

A

allopatric speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

During isolation how does the population get genetic differences?

A

Due to different selective pressures, genetic drift, reproductively isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

definition:occurs due to some type of geographic barrier or dispersal to a new location

A

gographic isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is required for allopatric speciation to occur?

A

They need to be geographically isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

definition: occurs when a new species evolves with the same geographic region as its parent species

A

sympatric speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

definition: can lead to reproductive isolation in a single generation and has likely been the most significant factor in the evolution of flowering plants

A

allopolyploidy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

definition: an individual with a nucleus containing more than two copies of each chromosome (>3)

A

polyploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

allopolyploidy occurs when what happens

A

polyploid arises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a common mechanism of sympatric speciation in flowering plants

A

allopolyploidy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sympatric speciation is what in animals?

A

rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sympatric speciation is due to a change is what?

A

ecology

22
Q

An example of speciation is what?

A

Lake Victoria

23
Q

definition: prevents interbreeding between closely related species whose geographic ranges overlap

A

reproductive isolating. mechanisms

24
Q

How do reproductive isolating mechanisms preserves species genetic integrity by what?

A

preventing gene flow

25
Q

Most species have how many RI mechanisms?

A

one or two

26
Q

Most RI mechanisms work before what?

A

before mating

27
Q

definition: reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent mating and/or fertilization

A

prezygote barriers

28
Q

definition: reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent gene flow after fertilization

A

postzygotic barriers

29
Q

If reproductive barriers are not well developed what would happen?

A

hybridization

30
Q

Prezygotic barriers prevent fertilization in what ways?

A

temporal, habitat, behavioral, mechanical, gametic

31
Q

definition: when a closely-related species reproduce at different times of the year

A

temporal isolation

32
Q

definition: when a closely-related species breed in different habitats in the same geographic area

A

habitat isolation

33
Q

definition: closely related species use different courtship behaviors

A

behavioral isolation

34
Q

definition:closely related species have incompatible reproductive organs

A

mechanical isolation

35
Q

definition: closely related species have gametes that are incompatible due to molecular/chemical differences

A

gametic isolation

36
Q

postzygotic prevent what from being made as a result of hybridization

A

viable offspring

37
Q

definition: hybrid embryos die during development

A

hydbring inviability

38
Q

definition: interspecific hybrids do not reproduce successfully

A

hybrid sterility

39
Q

definition: the offspring of F1 hybrids cannot reproduce beyond one or a few generation or have reduced fitness

A

hybrid breakdown

40
Q

What is reason that inviability happens?

A

Because developmental signals dont interact properly

41
Q

What is a reason that sterility happens?

A

because different chromosome numbers

42
Q

How do evolutionary novelties rise?

A

Modification of structures already in existence

43
Q

definition: a structure that a group of organisms already possessed that become modified as it adapt to a new role

A

preadaptation

44
Q

example of a preadaptation

A

feathers for flight

45
Q

most preadaptations arise due to what?

A

mutation in genes that control development

46
Q

What would be the effect of a few mutations in a development gene.

A

They can have significant phenotypic effect

47
Q

definition: occurs when there is an evolutionary diversification of many species from one or a few ancestral species over a short period of time

A

adaptive radiation

48
Q

What happens to species diversity during extinction?

A

They decrease in the short term

49
Q

definition: continuous low-level of extinction that is always occuring

A

background extintion

50
Q

definition: large numbers of species and higher taxonomic groups are killed off over a period of time

A

mass extinction

51
Q

Why do mass extinctions happen?

A

because a major environmental catastrophe

52
Q

examples of adaptive radiation include what?

A

galapagos finches adapting to different island habitats

53
Q

Allopatric speciation examples include what?

A
  • The isthmus formed separating marine populations
  • Porto santo rabbits becoming a new species after released on isolated island
  • Pupfish in Death valley lake split into 20 different species

Biology I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions