LMBR Study Grp: Physical Activity #1 Flashcards

1
Q

According to the National Weight Loss Control Registry data, the average amount of exercise for successful weight loss maintenance is:

A.	150 minutes a week
B.	240 minutes a week
C.	330 minutes a week
D.	420 minutes a week
E.	500 minutes a week
A

D.

p. 215

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2
Q

Regarding weight loss and weight maintenance, what is FALSE?

A. There is little weight reduction with physical activity alone.
B. Diet is necessary to lose weight, but physical activity is needed to maintain weight loss.
C. Physical activity alone can lower diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, but not triglycerides.
D. Physical activity reduces all-cause mortality, independent of weight loss.
E. Aerobic exercise is more helpful than resistance exercise for weight loss.

A

C.

p. 214, 215.

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3
Q
  1. What is the feature of good muscle quality?

2. Is muscle quantity or muscle quality more important for preventing early death/maintaining mobility?

A

Answers:

  1. Low Intramuscular fat
  2. Muscle quality

p 212

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4
Q

VT1, the First Ventilatory Threshold, is associated with all of these factors with the exception of:
(1 or more answers)

a. Measure of functional capacity.
b. More CO2 production.
c. Increased respiratory rate.
d. High blood lactate levels.
e. Highest level of intensity that can be maintained for 3 hours.

A

a, e.

p 203

a. Is incorrect (it is a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness
e. Is incorrect (it is the highest level of intensity that can be maintained for 1-2 hours)

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5
Q

“Any movement done through skeletal muscle contraction that causes energy expenditure beyond its baseline” is a CDC definition best describing:

a. Exercise
b. Fitness
c. Physical activity
d. Deconditioning

A

c.

(p 187).

a. Exercise = planned, organised, reoccurring PA with intent improving/maintaining health;
b. Fitness = is the ability to perform activities of daily life, respond to emergencies, enjoy leisure time with energy, vitality and without excess fatigue; it is the outcome of exercise;
d. Deconditioning occurs from consistent inactivity and leads to functional loss; if recognized as a disease, deconditioning would be more common than Htn or Diabetes

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6
Q

Physical fitness includes the following categories except:

a. Muscular strength and endurance
b. Flexibility
c. Body tone
d. Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

c.

p187
- Body composition, not body tone.

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7
Q

Aerobic activity guidelines, which is incorrect?

A – Children three to five should be involved in active play.
B – Children 6 – 17 years should be involved in moderate to vigorous activity and vigorous activity on at least two days per week.
C – Adults (18-64 years) should do 2.5 hours of moderate intensity exercise per week or 1.25 hours of vigorous intensity exercise per week.
D – For adults additional benefits can be gained by doing 5 hours of moderate intensity aerobic activity.

A

B.

p. 189

Children 6 to 17 yrs of age:

Correct: “physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity” (and the guideline says “for 60+ mins per day”).

However, vigorous activity is recommended on at least 3 days per week.

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect? (May be multiple answers)

1) Children aged 3-17yo should engage in at least 60minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity daily.
2) Adults age 65y and older should engage in 2.5hours of moderate intensity exercise per week.
3) The recommended weekly 2-3 strength training days should be separated by 48hours.
4) Healthy adults should do one set of 10-15 repetitions of resistance exercise for each major muscle group during the week.
5) Healthy adults should do motor skill and proprioceptive skill training for 20-30mins per day.

A

1, 4

1) Children 6-17 (p 189)

4) Resistance exercise for healthy adults: 8-12 reps, not 10-15.
(10 to 15 reps applies to “older or frail individuals”, including “healthy adults aged 65 years or older”. …“Weights used for strength training should be light enough to complete a set of 10 to 15 repetitions.” p 190)

Also note regarding answer (3), if an individual chooses to do resistance training DAILY, they may do so but “should not work the same major muscle groups two days in a row.” (p 190)

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9
Q

For initiation of resistance training, which statement is false:

A. Working with an intensity of 5-6 on a 10-point scale
B. Complete 8-12 repetitions before fatigue.
C. Separate workouts by 48 hrs.
D. Patients do not usually benefit from professional advice on resistance exercise and can manage them well.
E. More frequent workouts can be done as long as different muscle groups are trained on consecutive days.

A

D.

p 198.
See also p 190.

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1) Physical inactivity is the cause of 1 in 5 premature deaths.
2) The relative risk of all cause mortality decreases by 30% with 3 hours per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
3) If you meet the recommended weekly amount of moderate intensity exercise, mortality risk is reduced by 19% as per a review of 22 studies including more than 7 million people.
4) Inactivity is as prevalent as hypertension.
5) Breaking up sitting with 2 minutes of walking every 20 minutes shows significant improvement BSL/insulin levels proportional to the intensity of walking.

A

1, 4 and 5.

p 191-192

Actually:

1) 1 in 10 deaths
2) twice as prevalent as HTN
3) intensity of walking did not make a difference.

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11
Q

In a study of over 40,000 men and women, which were the top 3 causes of preventable death from all-cause mortality?

a. Obesity, Smoking, Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
b. Hypertension, Smoking, High cholesterol.
c. CRF, Smoking, Hypertension.
d. Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes.

A

c.

(pg 191 table)

Attributable fraction (%) of all-cause mortality:
(in descending order)
1. Poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (most impt)
2. Smoking 
3. Htn
4. High chol
5. DM
6. Obesity
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12
Q

The overall benefits of physical activity include which of the following:

A. Increased health-related fitness
B. Improved control and maintenance of healthy body weight
C. Decreased risk of disabling medical conditions
D. Decreased risk of chronic disease rates compared to people who are inactive, when accompanied by improved nutrition.

Options:

a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above

A

d) A, B and C

p187

All are TRUE, with the exception of the last option D, which unnecessarily adds the proviso “when accompanied by improved nutrition”.

• “The overall benefits of physical activity include which of the following:

  1. Increased health-related fitness;
  2. Improved control and maintenance of healthy body weight;
  3. Decreased risk of disabling medical conditions;
  4. Decreased risk of chronic disease rates compared to people who are inactive.”
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13
Q

Which of the following is incorrect with regards to the American College of Sports Medicine’s stages of exercise progression?

1) The initial stage should last 1-12 weeks.
2) In the initial stage, you should start with 15minutes of aerobic activities (HR 40-60% of HRR) 3-4 times per week.
3) In the improvement stage you should increase duration by max 10% each week until you reach 20-30minutes of continuous moderate-vigorous intensity exercise.
4) The maintenance stage should only start when the patient is in at least the 50th centile for all health related fitness parameters.
5) In the improvement stage, intensity should be increased by a max of 5% of one’s heart rate reserve every sixth session if well tolerated.

A

1 and 3.

pg 196

1) Initial stage: 1-6 weeks
2) Improvement stage: duration increase by max 20% each week until (…etc)

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14
Q

Which of the following definitions relating to physical activity science are most accurate?

A. Fitness is the ability to perform ADL’s (activities of daily life), respond to emergencies, enjoy leisure time with energy, vitality and without excess fatigue.
B. Physical activity involves any movement of the body done through skeletal muscle contraction that is recurring and done with the intent of improving 1 or more aspects of health.
C. Deconditioning is a disease state resulting from consistent physical inactivity and lack of regular exercise and is more common than other diseases such as hypertension or diabetes.
D. Exercise is purposeful physical activity that is organized, planned, recurring and done with the intent of improving physical fitness.

Options:

a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above

A

a) A only

p187

B. “Physical activity involves any movement of the body done through skeletal muscle contraction that…
…causes energy expenditure beyond its baseline.”

C. Despite being a “common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality”, deconditioning is a health state but not recognised as a disease per se.

D. “Exercise is purposeful physical activity that is organized, planned, recurring and done with the intent of
…improving or maintaining one or more components of health.” (not just physical fitness)

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15
Q

Which practical and appropriately ordered resource(s) would be used to counsel patients on physical activity (choose all that apply)?

a. Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange
b. Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
c. Precontemplative, Contemplative, Preparation, Maintenance, Action, Preparation
d. Precontemplative, Contemplative, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
e. Specific, Meaningful, Achievable, Relevant, Time-sensitive

A

a and d.

p 206,207

Note: e. is incorrect because the SMART goals are:

  1. Specific
  2. MEASURABLE
  3. Achievable
  4. Relevant
  5. Time frame
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16
Q

Physical fitness includes which of the following:
(1 or more answers)

A. Muscle endurance
B. Body composition
C. Flexibility
D. Cardiorespiratory endurance 
E. Muscle strength
A

All of the above.

p187

17
Q

Regarding exercise as a medication, all of the following are true except:

A. Exercise is better than medication in post stroke treatment.
B. Exercise is equivalent to medications as a secondary prevention for coronary artery disease but not for prediabetes.
C. Medications are superior to exercise in treatment for heart failure.
D. Exercise has an improved side effect profile compared to most medications.

A

B.

p190


Exercise ie equivalent to medications as a secondary prevention for coronary artery disease AND prediabetes.

18
Q

Regarding weight loss and weight maintenance, which is (are) FALSE?

A. There is little weight reduction with physical activity alone.
B. Diet is necessary to lose weight, but physical activity is needed to maintain weight loss.
C. Physical activity alone can lower diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, but not triglycerides.
D. Physical activity reduces all-cause mortality, independent of weight loss.
E. Aerobic exercise is more helpful than resistance exercise for weight loss.

A

C.

p 214, 215

19
Q

Which of the following is true about the relationship between physical activity and health?

A. Physical inactivity is the 4th leading risk factor for global mortality.
B. Physical inactivity is the cause of 1 in 10 premature deaths.
C. People who exercise the most have the least number of years of life lost regardless of their weight or BMI.
D. Subjects with normal weights but are physically inactive have more years of life lost (4.7) versus physically active individuals in the obese category 2 who have fewer years of life lost (4.5).
E. All of the above.

A

E. All the above are true.

LMBR Manual 2nd edition pp 191

20
Q

Which of the following is false regarding sitting and sedentary behaviour?

A. In a study of 222,497 people, aged 45 or older, followed over 2.8yrs, results showed that 6.9% of all-cause mortality was attributable to sitting.
B. In another study assessing the risk of prolonged sitting, results of blood sugar levels and insulin levels showed that benefits were gained in breaking prolonged sitting every 20mins with walking (either with light intensity or moderate intensity) compared to uninterrupted prolonged sitting.
C. Watching Television increased hazard ratio (HR approx. 1.5) of all-cause mortality even in those who got seven hours of exercise per week.
D. The increased hazard ratio (HR 1.5) of all-cause mortality of watching Television even in those who got seven hours of exercise per week was less in those who never exercised nor watched television.

A

D.

Watching Television increased hazard ratio (HR approx. 1.5) of all-cause mortality even in those who got seven hours of exercise per week.

This increased risk of all-cause mortality was EQUIVALENT to those who never exercised but never watched television.

LMBR Manual 2nd edition pp 191-192

21
Q

Strength training is an important part of physical activity. The following are major muscle groups that need to be exercised except:

A.	Chest
B.	Back and shoulders
C.	Biceps and triceps
D.	Quadriceps and hamstrings
E.	Neck muscles
A

E.

The major muscle groups of the body are the chest, back, shoulders, biceps and triceps, the abdomen, quadriceps and hamstrings.

LMBR Manual 2nd edition pp 190

22
Q

The US Physical Activity Guidelines 2018 provide evidence-based recommendations on physical activity levels for health promotions and disease prevention. Based on the Guidelines, a single episode of physical activity could be expected to:

A. Improve ability to plan and organize.
B. Improve one’s attention, concentration and memory.
C. Increase speed of processing.
D. Better regulate one’s emotions.

Options:

a) A only
b) both A and C 
c) both B and D 
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
A

e) All of the above.

p188

23
Q

The US Physical Activity Guidelines 2018 provide evidence-based recommendations on physical activity levels for health promotions and disease prevention. Based on the Guidelines, physical activity could be expected to:

A. Improve sleep onset, duration and quality.
B. Reduce feelings of chronic anxiety.
C. Improve acute anxiety.
D. Have minimal effects on perceived quality of life.

Options:

a) A only
b) both A and C 
c) both B and D 
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
A

b) A, B and C

p188
Perceived quality of life is improved with physical activity.

24
Q

The US Physical Activity Guidelines 2018 provide evidence-based recommendations on physical activity levels for health promotions and disease prevention. Based on the Guidelines, a single episode of physical activity could be expected to:

A. Improve insulin sensitivity.
B. Lower diastolic blood pressure without affecting systolic blood pressure.
C. Decrease anxiety.
D. Decrease risk of ever developing clinical depression.

Options:

a) A only
b) both A and C 
c) both B and D 
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
A

c) both A and C

p188 and 189
A single episode of physical activity could be expected to:
1. Improve insulin sensitivity.
2. Lower blood pressure.
3. Decrease anxiety.
4. Improve sleep
5. Improve mental function via better executive function of the brain:
		- improved concentration
		- attention
		- memory 
		- emotional regulation (see #3 above)
		- speed of processing 
		- ability to plan and organise.

Physical activity assists with depression (but not necessarily a single session) as follows:

  1. Reduces depressive symptoms, in both:
    a) Those WITH clinical depression, and
    b) Those WITHOUT clinical depression.
  2. Decreases risk of ever acquiring clinical depression.