LMBR Study Grp: Nutrition #3 Flashcards
1 Oct 2020
Antioxidant rich foods that can help reduce cancer risk include all EXCEPT:
A. Beta-carotene in carrots and sweet potatoes.
B. Vitamin C and E in citrus fruits, almonds and supplements
C. Lycopene in tomatoes & watermelon.
D. Selenium in Brazil nuts and sunflower seeds.
E. Resveratrol in red grapes and blueberries.
B. Vitamin C and E in supplements have not been shown to be helpful.
(Source: ?)
Plant sterols are contained in some of the following foods and are useful in lowering raised lipids. All the below are good choices except :
a. Soyabeans
b. Sesame oil
c. Legumes
d. Almonds
e. Brussels sprouts
b. Sesame oil
(Source: ?)
Which of the following recommendations are in line with the diet prescribed in a study which showed diet to be equivalent to statin in reducing lipids after 1 month? (More than 1 right answer)
a) 2 serves of plant sterol enriched low fat milk daily (eg “heart active by dairy farmers”)
b) 3 teaspoons of Metamucil daily
c) Have barley instead of wheat
d) Eat peanut butter as a healthy spread
b and c.
p 335
a plant sterol enriched margarine was used apparently
b is a viscous fiber
c barley is a better source of sterols than wheat
d almonds were preferred over peanuts
Which of the following is least accurate regarding key concepts of therapeutic dietary treatment?
a. Focus on encouraging a variety of whole or less-processed foods
b. Encourage plant-based options as healthier sources of nutrients compared to animal and processed foods
c. Encourage modest portion management early on when discussing therapeutic nutrition prescriptions
d. Nutrition prescriptions written in a positive tone (e.g. eat more of) are more acceptable to patients than those that prescribe in a negative manner (e.g. reducing or eliminating an unhealthy food item/group).
c.
The 3 groups in the portfolio diet study were all advised / fed :
a. High fibre in their diet
b. Low saturated fat in their diet
c. Plant sterols
d. Adequate ‘good’ fats
e. Offered counselling about specific cholesterol lowering foods.
b
(all 3 groups offered this)
Which of the following statements are true with regards to diabetes reversal? (Multiple correct)
a) Young people put on an ‘optislim’ equivalent diet can reverse type 2 diabetes
b) The plant based meal replacement program made by L-Nutra may have promise in the future for regenerating beta cells to reverse insulin dependent type 2 diabetes
c) Weight loss can reduce liver triacylglycerol levels AND normalise hepatic insulin sensitivity
d) Weight loss can normalise HbA1c to non-diabetic range in a home setting
all correct
(Source: ?)
Dr Dennis Burkitt proposed that diseases of the Western world caused by a lack of fibre include all EXCEPT:
A. Obesity.
B. Ischaemic heart disease.
C. Varicose veins.
D. Prostate cancer.
E. Haemorrhoids.
D.
BR manual p140
Which of the following Biochemical markers would be considered a secondary lab test to consider as part of a Nutrition Assessment?
a. Haematocrit
b. Albumin
c. Sodium
d. Iron
Correct answer is D
p122, under ‘B’ for Biochemical data - Lab work.
(much discussion about this Q but that’s what the manual says!)
The 3 groups in the portfolio diet had some reduction in cholesterol. Which of the following is correct in relation to the control group :
a. About 18% reduction in LDL compared to 30.9% in the lovastatin group.
b. About 8% reduction in LDL
c. About 25% reduction in LDL
d. No reduction at all.
b.
Which of the following is the direct risk factor for atherosclerotic plaque?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Hypercholestrolaemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
c.
…see pg 144 (top of page)
Weight loss is a factor in:
A. Reversing type 2 diabetes in gastric bypass surgery.
B. Reducing breast cancer mortality in physically active women with high vegetable-fruit intake.
C. A high-fibre plant based diet with no reduction in caloric intake that reversed diabetes in 11 out of 20 men within 16 days.
D. Physical activity improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression.
Correct answer is A.
See page 141 for discussion of B and C.
Minimum recommendation for daily fibre intake in countering hyperlipidemia would be roughly :
a. 20-25 gm
b. 90 – 100 gm
c. 30- 35 gm
d. 40-45 gm
d.
(Source: ?)
In T. Colin Campbell et al’s 1998 American Journal of Cardiology article “Diet, lifestyle and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell China study” which of the following statements are true:
A. A sample of 246,000 males under the age of 65 years in a rural Chinese population had no recorded coronary heart disease events over a period of three years.
B. The rural Chinese diet typically contains 50% less fat than the American diet.
C. Coronary artery disease mortality in US women was 5.6 times that of their Chinese counterparts.
D. The mean serum total cholesterol in the population sampled in rural China (127mg/dL or 3.28mmol/L) was similar to levels seen among vegans.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
d) A, B and C
(see p143 section 2)
“D. The mean serum total cholesterol in the population sampled in rural China (127mg/dL or 3.28mmol/L) was similar to levels seen among vegans.”
FALSE: There is no comparison with vegans in this study.
This is taken from the comparison of cholesterol levels in Uganda vs those in vegans in section 1 on p143.
Mean total cholesterol was as stated in the Chinese population, compared to 203mg/dL (5.25mmol/L) in the US population.
With regards to serum cholesterol levels, which of the following are correct:
A. The optimum LDL-C levels are 1.3 to 1.8mmol/L, as atherosclerotic plaque progression ceases when LDL-C reaches 1.8mmol/L or below.
B. Vegans had the lowest average serum LDL-C levels at 1.8mmol/L (range 1.0 to 2.6mmol/L).
C. The optimum total cholesterol levels are ~2.3 to 3.6mmol/L, as atherosclerotic plaque progression ceases when total cholesterol reaches ~3.9mmol/L or below.
D. Lacto-ovo vegetarians (average LDL-C 2.6mmol/L) and lacto vegetarians (average LDL-C 2.3mmol/L) each have lower average LDL-C levels when compared to omnivores.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
p144.
A. The optimum LDL-C levels are 1.3 to 1.8mmol/L, as atherosclerotic plaque progression ceases when LDL-C reaches 1.8mmol/L or below. (section 4)
B. Vegans had the lowest average serum LDL-C levels at 1.8mmol/L (range 1.0 to 2.6mmol/L). (section 8)
C. The optimum total cholesterol levels are ~2.3 to 3.6mmol/L, as atherosclerotic plaque progression ceases when total cholesterol reaches ~3.9mmol/L or below. (sections 4 and 7. And yes those numbers are correct, taken directly from the LMBR Manual. Probably based on different studies with slightly different numbers.)
D. Lacto-ovo vegetarians (average LDL-C 2.6mmol/L) and lacto vegetarians (average LDL-C 2.3mmol/L) each have lower average LDL-C levels when compared to omnivores. (section 8)
Despite consistent results of studies demonstrating not only the possibility of arrest and reversal of cardiovascular disease of whole-food, plant-based diets, but the efficacy of such diets, there has not been widespread implantation of these results. Examples of successful diet-based interventions include the following:
A. Jenkins et al showed that a very-high-fibre vegetable, fruit and nut diet resulted in a reduction cholesterol that was 25% more effective than a therapeutic dose of statin medication.
B. In a 5 year follow-up study, Ornish et al demonstrated that a 10% fat, whole foods diet combined with exercise, stress management, smoking cessation and psychosocial support resulted in a 3.1% decrease in average diameter of coronary plaque stenosis, compared to an 11.8% increase in the control group.
C. In a different study by Ornish et al, 48 patients with angina pectoris were randomised to stress management training and dietary changes (or control group), resulting in a 24% reduction in frequency of symptoms in the intervention group, when compared to controls.
D. The same study by Jenkins et al (above) demonstrated that a high fibre diet could out-perform both low-fat and starch-based diets.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
c) both B and D
p145
A. Jenkins et al showed that a very-high-fibre vegetable, fruit and nut diet resulted in a reduction cholesterol that was 25% more effective than a therapeutic dose of statin medication. (FALSE; section 11: they were equivalent.)
B. True
C. In a different study by Ornish et al, 48 patients with angina pectoris were randomised to stress management training and dietary changes (or control group), resulting in a 24% reduction in frequency of symptoms in the intervention group, when compared to controls. (FALSE; section 13: there were 48 patients (24 intervention & 24 controls) enrolled in the 24-day study, which demonstrated a 91% reduction in frequency of angina symptoms, as well as a 44% mean increase in exercise, in the intervention group, compared with the controls.)
D. True
