LIVING ENVIORMENT: immune system and blood Flashcards
Allergy
a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen
Antigen
on the surface of the pathogens substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance
Antibody
join with the antigens of the pathogen to destroy pathogen
Macrophage
A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.
Vaccine
A preparation that is used to stimulate the body’s immune response against diseases
T-cell
target pathogens inside living cells
B-cell
target pathogens in the body fluide (hormonal response)
(T and B cells that provide defense
Lymphocyte
Disease
an illness or sickness characterised by specific signs or symptoms’.
Parasite
Spread by a vector (an organism that is unharmed by the parasite but can spread it to hosts (organisms that can be infected).
Bacteria
can reproduce on their own inside of the infected person, They can release toxins or damage tissues that cause harm to the body
Virus
invade and replicate inside of cells, The common cold and flu are caused by viruses
Immunity
The capacity of the body to resist a specific disease (become immune to it)
Pathogen
a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Zone of Inhibition (ZOI)
a clear circular area around antimicrobial discs in which bacteria are unable to grow
how can you tell an antibiotic is most effective?
The most effective antibiotic is the one with the largest diameter
what do the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets do
Red blood cells carry oxygen to all tissues of the body. Platelets form clots in damaged blood vessels to stop bleeding.
what can cause disease ?
Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by germs (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that enter the body, multiply, and can cause an infection.
Understand how the immune system responds to a pathogen entering the body
The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies attach to an antigen and attract cells that will engulf and destroy the pathogen.
Describe how an mRNA vaccine works ?
The mRNA vaccine contains a piece of mRNA developed in a laboratory that will move into body cells and the cells will make the spike protein that the virus has on its surface The spike protein will be displayed on the surface of the cell The immune system does not recognize the spike protein and will create antibodies and other white blood cells against it because it thinks it is fighting the real disease The body has learned how to recognize and fight the disease should the real disease enter the body
why someone who had the chickenpox vaccine cannot get the chickenpox again but can get the flu?
Someone who had chicken pox vaccine can no longer get it again because the memory B cells protect against it but you are still susceptible to getting the flu because your immune system doesnt know how to fight it yet
what are allergies ?
a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen
what effect does HIV have on the immune system?
HIV finds the white blood cells, HIV gets inside the cell and makes copies of itself. Then, HIV kills the cell and the new HIV copies find other cells to get inside and start the cycle again. HIV kills immune system cells that help the body fight infections and diseases.
describe the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) and what it determines.
a clear circular area around antimicrobial discs in which bacteria are unable to grow
The most effective antibiotic is the one with the largest diameter
describe passive immunity
Develops when an individual receives antibodies from an outside source (medication) This provides temporary immunity to a particular disease
describe active immunity
Results when antibodies are produced by the body in response to a foreign substance (antigen) in the body Antibodies are produced by the body to fight the disease-causing organism After the illness is over, antibodies against the disease remain in the blood and protest against re-infection
defenses against disease ?
Skin – covers your body
Mucous membranes – thick sticky mucus will trap foreign microbes
Stomach acid
inflammatory response
Inflammatory chemicals send a signal to the bone marrow to release phagocytic cells to engulf and destroy foreign bodies.
how do live attenuated vaccine works and what the vaccine contains
Attenuated vaccines fight viruses and bacteria. These vaccines contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems
a phagocyte
engulfs pathogens
