LIVING ENVIORMENT: immune system and blood

Question 1

Allergy

Answer 1

a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

on the surface of the pathogens substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

join with the antigens of the pathogen to destroy pathogen

Question 4

Macrophage

Answer 4

A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.

Question 5

Vaccine

Answer 5

A preparation that is used to stimulate the body’s immune response against diseases

Question 6

T-cell

Answer 6

target pathogens inside living cells

Question 7

B-cell

Answer 7

target pathogens in the body fluide (hormonal response)

Question 8

(T and B cells that provide defense

Answer 8

Lymphocyte

Question 9

Disease

Answer 9

an illness or sickness characterised by specific signs or symptoms’.

Question 10

Parasite

Answer 10

Spread by a vector (an organism that is unharmed by the parasite but can spread it to hosts (organisms that can be infected).

Question 11

Bacteria

Answer 11

can reproduce on their own inside of the infected person, They can release toxins or damage tissues that cause harm to the body

Question 12

Virus

Answer 12

invade and replicate inside of cells, The common cold and flu are caused by viruses

Question 13

Immunity

Answer 13

The capacity of the body to resist a specific disease (become immune to it)

Question 14

Pathogen

Answer 14

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 15

Zone of Inhibition (ZOI)

Answer 15

a clear circular area around antimicrobial discs in which bacteria are unable to grow

Question 16

how can you tell an antibiotic is most effective?

Answer 16

The most effective antibiotic is the one with the largest diameter

Question 17

what do the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets do

Answer 17

Red blood cells carry oxygen to all tissues of the body. Platelets form clots in damaged blood vessels to stop bleeding.

Question 18

what can cause disease ?

Answer 18

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by germs (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that enter the body, multiply, and can cause an infection.

Question 19

Understand how the immune system responds to a pathogen entering the body

Answer 19

The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies attach to an antigen and attract cells that will engulf and destroy the pathogen.

Question 20

Describe how an mRNA vaccine works ?

Answer 20

The mRNA vaccine contains a piece of mRNA developed in a laboratory that will move into body cells and the cells will make the spike protein that the virus has on its surface The spike protein will be displayed on the surface of the cell The immune system does not recognize the spike protein and will create antibodies and other white blood cells against it because it thinks it is fighting the real disease The body has learned how to recognize and fight the disease should the real disease enter the body

Question 21

why someone who had the chickenpox vaccine cannot get the chickenpox again but can get the flu?

Answer 21

Someone who had chicken pox vaccine can no longer get it again because the memory B cells protect against it but you are still susceptible to getting the flu because your immune system doesnt know how to fight it yet

Question 22

what are allergies ?

Answer 22

a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen

Question 23

what effect does HIV have on the immune system?

Answer 23

HIV finds the white blood cells, HIV gets inside the cell and makes copies of itself. Then, HIV kills the cell and the new HIV copies find other cells to get inside and start the cycle again. HIV kills immune system cells that help the body fight infections and diseases.

Question 24

describe the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) and what it determines.

Answer 24

a clear circular area around antimicrobial discs in which bacteria are unable to grow
The most effective antibiotic is the one with the largest diameter

Question 25

describe passive immunity

Answer 25

Develops when an individual receives antibodies from an outside source (medication) This provides temporary immunity to a particular disease

Question 26

describe active immunity

Answer 26

Results when antibodies are produced by the body in response to a foreign substance (antigen) in the body Antibodies are produced by the body to fight the disease-causing organism After the illness is over, antibodies against the disease remain in the blood and protest against re-infection

Question 27

defenses against disease ?

Answer 27

Skin – covers your body
Mucous membranes – thick sticky mucus will trap foreign microbes
Stomach acid

Question 28

inflammatory response

Answer 28

Inflammatory chemicals send a signal to the bone marrow to release phagocytic cells to engulf and destroy foreign bodies.

Question 29

how do live attenuated vaccine works and what the vaccine contains

Answer 29

Attenuated vaccines fight viruses and bacteria. These vaccines contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems

Question 30

a phagocyte

Answer 30

engulfs pathogens