LIVING ENVIORMENT: cells Flashcards
prokaryote
cells that lack a nucleus
eukaryote
cells that have a nucleus
mitochondria and chloroplast
have their own DNA and can replicate independently from the cell
viruses
are living but don’t have some fetrues of life are not made up of cells (contain genetic material)
cell membrane
controls what goes on in and out of the cell
cell wall
its ONLY in plant cells, supports and protects cells composed of cellulose nonliving supportive structure
cytoplasm
fluid like contains organelles some chemical reactions occur
nucleus
controls all activities inside of the cell
ribosomes
where proteins are made (found in cytoplasm attached to the ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
move materials from one part of the cell to another
Rough ER
have ribosomes
Smooth ER
have NO ribosomes
Mitochondria
power house of the cell the site of respiration producing energy for the cell
centroles
helps cell divison occur ONLY IN ANIMAL
Vacuole
storage (usually stores water)
Lysosomes
breaks down particles and worn out cell parts
nucleolos
makes ribosomes
Golgi body
sorts and packages materials
Animal cells:
- centroles
- small vacuoles
-lysosomes
-round shape
Plant cells:
-chloroplast
- large vacuoles
- cell walls
-rectangular ridged shape
genetic material is found both in
prokaryote & eukaryote
cytoplasm is found both in
eukaryote & prokaryote
ribosomes are found in both
eukaryote & prokaryote
plasma membrane is found both in
eukaryote & prokaryote
cell membrane is the same as?
plasm membrane
selectively permeable
controls the type and amount of molecules that can pass through the membrane
Diffusion
the movement of individual molecules of a substance from a
no energy- passive
osmosis
the movement of molecules from a low concentration, to a high concentration
non energy- passive
chloroplast is only in _______
plant cells
the cell theory states ____
1- the cell is the smallest unit in an organism
2- all living things are made up of cells
3- all cells come from other pre-existing cells
benedicts test for ____
glucose - changes to: organge/ deep red
Iodine test for starch____
starch- changes to : blue/black
hypertonic
more solvent than solute = salt water
isotonic
contains the same concentration of water and solute
hypotonic
more solvent than solute = distilled water
active transport
movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration USING ENERGY
nuclear membrane
sourounds and protects nucleus and only lets certain things in and out
what characteristic is common in both diffusion and active transport
the movement of molecules occur
which structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis
cell membrane
how do you tell if its active transport ? (picture)
the small # of molecules to a higher # is active transport
how to tell if its diffusion? (picture)
starts off with a bigger # of molecules to a smaller # of them
a substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when
the concentration of the substance is greater on the outside than the inside of the cell
Homeostasis
any process that living things use to maintain a stable environment necessary for living
metabolism
The chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.
Concentration gradient
the difference from high concentration to low (the mountain)
