GLOBAL HONORS: final exam Flashcards
What is absolutism?
Absolutism is a ruler having complete and total control over everything. These rulers wanted to be absolute monarchs: kings or queens who held all the power within thier states boundaries
Why is Louis XIV considered the greatest example of an absolute monarch?
He is considered one of the greatest examples of an absolute monarch because he was one of the most powerful rulers in French history; the king was answerable to no one but God.
How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?
The Scientific Revolution influenced the development of the Enlightenment values of individualism because it demonstrated the power of the human mind. The ability of scientists to come to their own conclusions
What was the Columbian Exchange?
What was the Columbian Exchange? What was its impact?
Columbus brought the Eastern and Western Hemispheres back together. The resulting swap of Old and New World germs, animals, plants, peoples, and cultures has been called the “Columbian Exchange.”
what was the impact of the columbian exchange ?
New diseases were introduced to American populations that had no prior experience of them. The results were devastating. These populations also were introduced to new weeds and pests, livestock, and pets.
It led to massive population growth and increasing urbanization. The columbian exchange completely changed the face of the world.
Why did the slave trade begin?
Ivory, gold and other trade resources attracted Europeans to West Africa. As demand for cheap labor to work on plantations in the Americas grew, people enslaved in West Africa became the most valuable ‘commodity’ for European traders.
What was the Middle Passage?
The middle passage was the route of sea going journeys of Africans taken from thier native land, to the shores of the Caribbean and America, where they were invariably destined to an existence of institutional slavery. The journey was one of the most horrific aspects of the system of slavery
Why were the Europeans interested in exploration?
Along with the idea of looking for new trade routes, they also hoped to find new sources of gold, silver, and other valuables
Europeans saw exploration as a way to bring Christianity to other cultures that lived in other land
Why is the Scientific Revolution considered a turning point?
the way people understood the universe, medicine, anatomy and chemistry changed. It also led to the Enlightenment, which brought about human reason as well as changes in government and social life.
Martin Luther’s BELIEFS:
*salvation can be achieved through faith and god alone
*the pope cannot grant pardon for sins
*the bible is the only religion authority
*sins can be forgiven
CAUSES of the Protestant Reformation
social, political, economic, and religious. The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Catholic Church.
widepsrea d abuses on the part of the clergy within the catholic church
EFFECTS of the Protestant Reformation
freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, the dignity of the individual, and political democracy.
led to the reformulation of certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions.
Who was Martin Luther?
A german monk, luther is disgusted by the indulgences and does something about it
Why is the Protestant Reformation considered a turning point?
Because religion no longer unified Europe, The Protestant Reformation is alleged to have shaped major features of Western culture, including freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, the dignity of the individual, and political democracy.
How did the ideas of the Renaissance spread?
By growth of cities and support for monarchs . The Northern Renaissance produced many great artists, writers, and scholars. Printing and the use of the vernacular helped to spread Renaissance ideas and increase learning
Who are some contributors to the Renaissance?
galileo, medici, petrarch, devinchi , michael angelo
What event began the Middle Ages?
The Middle Ages began with the collapse of unified Roman imperial authority in Western Europe
Characteristics on the middle ages
economics and territorial expansion, demographic and urban growth, the emergence of national identity, and the restructuring of secular
violent revolts and revolutions, gruesome punishments
The dark ages lasted for 600 years
The early middle ages was a time of confusion, ignorance, no law and a time of turmoil
The justinian code consists of - the process of implementing law, the people who have jurisdiction to enact and enforce laws, the rights of people (both free and slave), marriage laws, adoption laws, laws of inheritance, laws against crime
Manorialism
political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.
Feudalism
a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return
difference in feudalism vs. manorialism
a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return
What took the place of government during the Middle Ages? EXPLAIN.
After the fall of Rome, no single state or government united the people who lived on the European continent. Instead, the Catholic Church became the most powerful institution of the medieval period.
What were the Crusades?
Between the end of the eleventh century and into the thirteenth the european christians at the urging of the RCC conducted a series of wars known as the crusades the crusades has positive and negative impacts on the eastern and western worlds that were involved with the conflict
causes of the crusades
Jerusalem was the holy land and since christianity/muslims/ and jews were a thing all three religions have been fighting over the “holy land” (jerusalem)
effects of the crusades
Muslims win and take control of the holy land
Byzantine empire never recovered
Relationships between the christians and the muslims worsened
Why were Crusades referred to as “history’s most successful failures?
POSITIVES
Positive: italian merchants left trade routes open/they brought homes new ideas and taste of the middle east/ crusaders brought back spices sugars and silk, after the crusaders learning increased and more people were being educated
Why were Crusades referred to as “history’s most successful failures?”
NEGATIVES
Negatives: failed to retake the holy land/ massacred entire communities/ byzantine empire never recovered/ relationships between the christians and the muslims worsened/crusaders had strong resentment to the muslims
What was the Black Death?
The black death (bubonic plague) originated in asia and it spread very quickly by marine trade routes, the cities were particularly hit was london & paris and that because that is where the most trade was
what impact did the black death have on the middle ages?
The Black Death greatly reduced the population of Europe. The total number of deaths is estimated at between 25 and 40 million people.
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Renaissance began in italy
Why?
increased interaction between different cultures, the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts, the emergence of humanism, different artistic and technological innovations, and the impacts of conflict and death
