GLOBAL HONORS: the renaissance/reformation Flashcards
Humanism-
an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.
Individualism
the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
Classicism-
prejudice against or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class.
Secularism-
the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.
Renaissance-
a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.
Indulgence-
an indulgence is “a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins”
Tithe-
one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy.
Theocracy-
a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
Protestantism-
a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.
Heretic-
a person believing in or practicing religious heresy
Trade guilds-
influential producers’ unions that educated craftsmen, retained output control, regulated competition and prices, and limited the introduction of new people into the trade.
Capitalism-
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
Scientific Revolution-
a period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.
Scientific Method-
The process in the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), deriving predictions from the hypotheses as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions
How/why did the middle class begin in Western Europe?
Trade and population increases, middle class grows
What factors led to the development of the Renaissance in Western Europe?
The rediscovery of ancient greek and roman texts (classicism), humanism,
How did this “questioning spirit” impact science and the teachings of the Church?
The questioning spirit led to more scientific discoveries. The RCC lost the power they once had.
What is the commercial revolution and how did it begin?
It was an economic, social, and political revolution that affected all of Europe. It began because of the increase in trade, capitalism, and partnerships/joint stock companies (merchants coming together, banking, insurance companies). Merchants are able to invest in trade all over the world
How did the Renaissance lead to the Reformation?
Because the values such as humanism, secularism, and inquiry lead people to question the church
How did the teachings of Martin Luther influence Christianity?
Martin luther’s teachings lead to the reformation of the RCC (bible is only source of authority, pope cannot pardon for sins, salvation can only be reached through faith in God alone)
how was martin luther a hero?
confronted RCC (risked his life), saw how the church was corrupt
how was martin luther a heratic ?
teachings caused harm to the RCC, disagreed on fundamental doctrines of the church
What happened to the Catholic Church as a result of the Reformation (Catholic Reformation)?
The power of the RCC is weakened
Creation of Protestant branch of Christianity
Christian church splinters… future problems arise ( war and religious intolerance lead to the exodus of the Europeans to the New World)
Who are some important individuals of the Reformation
Martin Luther (Lutheran Church)
John Calvin(Calvinism/Presbyterian Church)
Henry VIII (Anglican Church/Episcopal)
what did martin luther contribute to the reformation?
German monk who is disgusted by indulgences. Writes the 95 Theses which were arguments against indulgences. Luther’s ideas spread as a result of the printing press (Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden). The Lutheran Church evolves (branch of protestantism). Leads to the protestant reformation.
what did John Calvin contribute to the reformation?
John Calvin(Calvinism/Presbyterian Church) : French priest who believes that salvation comes from faith alone and the bible is the only authority. Strict, disciplined lives. People are born sinners. nothing.. idk
what did Henry VIII (angelican church/episcopal) contribute to the reformation?
Powerful European monarch who gets angry at the Pope when he refuses to grant him an annulment. Gains control of the English Church. His daughter (Elizabeth) established England as a protestant nation
The commercial revolution
(revival in trade)
when feudalism declines trade increases/money
merchants are able to invest in trade around the world, feualism ends and serfs gain power through money and trade
WHATS THE EFFECT?
rebirth in learning:humanism classicism, individualism, questioning
main effect: the renaissance begins
what were the achievements of the renaissance ?
education expanded
literature
politics and government
Art
Technology
how did church reformers influence the RCC and lead to Reformation?
martin Luther
German monk
wrote the 95 theses
Luther’s ideas spread from Denmark, Norway etc
(french priest)what did john calvin believe?
salvation comes from faith in god alone and the bible is the only religious authority
(french priest) where did john calvins ideas spread
spread through Germany France the Netherlands England etc
protestants are ____
a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.
