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STUDY SETS 2022-2023 > LIVING ENVIORMENT: DNA & RNA protien synthesis > Flashcards

LIVING ENVIORMENT: DNA & RNA protien synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

molecule that stores and passes on genetic material/instructions

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2
Q

mRNA

A

delivered genetic material/instructions to the ribosomes

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3
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of nucleotides (3) in a DNA or RNA molecule that is a specific code made for a specific amino acid

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells carrying out genetic information in the form of genes

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

what’s in the center of the cell where DNA is located
DNA never leaves the nucleus

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6
Q

Protein synthesis

A

the process of making proteins with DNA and RNA

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7
Q

Ribosome

A

where proteins are made

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8
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of protien

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9
Q

prokaryotic cell

A

Single celled organisms

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10
Q

RNA

A

fits the correct amino acids into the correct position based on the mRNA codes

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11
Q

Ribose

A

is a simple sugar and a carbohydrate that gives our body energy

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12
Q

eukaryotic cell

A

All animals, plants, fungi, and unicellular organism have eukaryotic cells and are eukaryotes

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13
Q

Transcription

A

The process of making an RNA sequence based on the DNA sequence.

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14
Q

Translation

A

the mRNA puts the genetic code into triple letter combinations called codons

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15
Q

Mutation

A

a change in the order of the DNA bases

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16
Q

how many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA

A

A-T-G-C

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17
Q

what base is found in RNA and not DNA

A

uracil

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18
Q

how many bases are in a codon

A

3

19
Q

how many bases are in an anti codon

A

3

20
Q

transcription occurs in the ______

A

nucleus

21
Q

translation occurs in the ______

A

cytoplasm

22
Q

translation occurs specifically on the _______

A

ribosomes

23
Q

what happens at the ribosomes (after the mRNA carries the message out of the ribosomes to carry the message of the DNA)

A

the message that the RNA sent to the ribosomes is translated into an amino acid sequence

24
Q

what does transfer RNA do ?

A

functions to carry the amino acids to the site of protien synthesis on the ribosomes

25
Q

____# of amino acids combine to form protiens of all kinds

A

20 amino acids

26
Q

what does a DNA strand look like

A

DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder

27
Q

DeoxyriboseDouble helix

A

is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development

28
Q

Nucleotides

A

nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

29
Q

a mutation that involves a singular nucleotide is called?

A

point mutation

30
Q

how many nitrogen bases are needed to specify 3 amino acids

A

9

31
Q

DNA contrls our hereditary by coding for what substance in our body?

A

protiens

32
Q

DNA is copied into 2 new srands of DNA during a proccess called ______

A

replication

33
Q

a nucleotide does NOT contain ___

A

polymerase

34
Q

one difference between DNA and RNA is that

A

DNA has a double strand

35
Q

in protien synthesis, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by

A

tRNA

36
Q

what happens during the process of translation

A

mRNA attaches to tRNA and makes protien

37
Q

a process by whcih the gentic code of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is called

A

transcription

38
Q

Nucleotides are composed of suar, a phosphate group, and a ______ base

A

nitrogen

39
Q

the sugar in DNA is

A

deoxyribose

40
Q

in eukaryotes, which organelle is DNA usually found in

A

the nucleus

41
Q

which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder

A

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

42
Q

a long chain of amino acids are called _______

A

protiens

43
Q

DNA are joined together by which type of bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

44
Q

what are the nucleotides made of

A

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases

STUDY SETS 2022-2023 (34 decks)

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