LIVING ENVIORMENT: DNA & RNA protien synthesis Flashcards
DNA
molecule that stores and passes on genetic material/instructions
mRNA
delivered genetic material/instructions to the ribosomes
Codon
a sequence of nucleotides (3) in a DNA or RNA molecule that is a specific code made for a specific amino acid
Chromosomes
Structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells carrying out genetic information in the form of genes
Nucleus
what’s in the center of the cell where DNA is located
DNA never leaves the nucleus
Protein synthesis
the process of making proteins with DNA and RNA
Ribosome
where proteins are made
amino acids
building blocks of protien
prokaryotic cell
Single celled organisms
RNA
fits the correct amino acids into the correct position based on the mRNA codes
Ribose
is a simple sugar and a carbohydrate that gives our body energy
eukaryotic cell
All animals, plants, fungi, and unicellular organism have eukaryotic cells and are eukaryotes
Transcription
The process of making an RNA sequence based on the DNA sequence.
Translation
the mRNA puts the genetic code into triple letter combinations called codons
Mutation
a change in the order of the DNA bases
how many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA
A-T-G-C
what base is found in RNA and not DNA
uracil
how many bases are in a codon
3
how many bases are in an anti codon
3
transcription occurs in the ______
nucleus
translation occurs in the ______
cytoplasm
translation occurs specifically on the _______
ribosomes
what happens at the ribosomes (after the mRNA carries the message out of the ribosomes to carry the message of the DNA)
the message that the RNA sent to the ribosomes is translated into an amino acid sequence
what does transfer RNA do ?
functions to carry the amino acids to the site of protien synthesis on the ribosomes
____# of amino acids combine to form protiens of all kinds
20 amino acids
what does a DNA strand look like
DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder
DeoxyriboseDouble helix
is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development
Nucleotides
nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA
a mutation that involves a singular nucleotide is called?
point mutation
how many nitrogen bases are needed to specify 3 amino acids
9
DNA contrls our hereditary by coding for what substance in our body?
protiens
DNA is copied into 2 new srands of DNA during a proccess called ______
replication
a nucleotide does NOT contain ___
polymerase
one difference between DNA and RNA is that
DNA has a double strand
in protien synthesis, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by
tRNA
what happens during the process of translation
mRNA attaches to tRNA and makes protien
a process by whcih the gentic code of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is called
transcription
Nucleotides are composed of suar, a phosphate group, and a ______ base
nitrogen
the sugar in DNA is
deoxyribose
in eukaryotes, which organelle is DNA usually found in
the nucleus
which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
a long chain of amino acids are called _______
protiens
DNA are joined together by which type of bonds
hydrogen bonds
what are the nucleotides made of
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases
